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Active Directory - Enumeration

Using BloodHound

Use the correct collector

AzureHound for Azure Active Directory
SharpHound for local Active Directory
RustHound for local Active Directory
use BloodHoundAD/AzureHound (more info: Cloud - Azure Pentest)

# run the collector on the machine using SharpHound.exe
# https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound/blob/master/Collectors/SharpHound.exe
# /usr/lib/bloodhound/resources/app/Collectors/SharpHound.exe
.\SharpHound.exe -c all -d active.htb --searchforest
.\SharpHound.exe -c all,GPOLocalGroup # all collection doesn't include GPOLocalGroup by default
.\SharpHound.exe --CollectionMethod DCOnly # only collect from the DC, doesn't query the computers (more stealthy)

.\SharpHound.exe -c all --LdapUsername <UserName> --LdapPassword <Password> --JSONFolder <PathToFile>
.\SharpHound.exe -c all --LdapUsername <UserName> --LdapPassword <Password> --domaincontroller 10.10.10.100 -d active.htb
.\SharpHound.exe -c all,GPOLocalGroup --outputdirectory C:\Windows\Temp --randomizefilenames --prettyjson --nosavecache --encryptzip --collectallproperties --throttle 10000 --jitter 23

# or run the collector on the machine using Powershell
# https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound/blob/master/Collectors/SharpHound.ps1
# /usr/lib/bloodhound/resources/app/Collectors/SharpHound.ps1
Invoke-BloodHound -SearchForest -CSVFolder C:\Users\Public
Invoke-BloodHound -CollectionMethod All  -LDAPUser <UserName> -LDAPPass <Password> -OutputDirectory <PathToFile>

# or remotely via BloodHound Python
# https://github.com/fox-it/BloodHound.py
pip install bloodhound
bloodhound-python -d lab.local -u rsmith -p Winter2017 -gc LAB2008DC01.lab.local -c all

# or locally/remotely from an ADExplorer snapshot from SysInternals (ADExplorer remains a legitimate binary signed by Microsoft, avoiding detection with security solutions)
# https://github.com/c3c/ADExplorerSnapshot.py
pip3 install --user .
ADExplorerSnapshot.py <snapshot path> -o <*.json output folder path>

Collect more data for certificates exploitation using Certipy

certipy find 'corp.local/john:Passw0rd@dc.corp.local' -bloodhound
certipy find 'corp.local/john:Passw0rd@dc.corp.local' -old-bloodhound
certipy find 'corp.local/john:Passw0rd@dc.corp.local' -vulnerable -hide-admins -username user@domain -password Password123

use OPENCYBER-FR/RustHound

# Windows with GSSAPI session
rusthound.exe -d domain.local --ldapfqdn domain
# Windows/Linux simple bind connection username:password
rusthound.exe -d domain.local -u user@domain.local -p Password123 -o output -z
# Linux with username:password and ADCS module for @ly4k BloodHound version
rusthound -d domain.local -u 'user@domain.local' -p 'Password123' -o /tmp/adcs --adcs -z

Then import the zip/json files into the Neo4J database and query them.

root@payload$ apt install bloodhound 

# start BloodHound and the database
root@payload$ neo4j console
# or use docker
root@payload$ docker run -itd -p 7687:7687 -p 7474:7474 --env NEO4J_AUTH=neo4j/bloodhound -v $(pwd)/neo4j:/data neo4j:4.4-community

root@payload$ ./bloodhound --no-sandbox
Go to http://127.0.0.1:7474, use db:bolt://localhost:7687, user:neo4J, pass:neo4j

NOTE: Currently BloodHound Community Edition is still a work in progress, it is highly recommended to stay on the original BloodHoundAD/BloodHound version.

git clone https://github.com/SpecterOps/BloodHound
cd examples/docker-compose/
cat docker-compose.yml | docker compose -f - up
# UI: http://localhost:8080/ui/login
# Username: admin
# Password: see your Docker logs

You can add some custom queries like :

Replace the customqueries.json file located at /home/username/.config/bloodhound/customqueries.json or C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Roaming\BloodHound\customqueries.json.

Using PowerView

Get Current Domain: Get-NetDomain
Enum Other Domains: Get-NetDomain -Domain <DomainName>
Get Domain SID: Get-DomainSID

Get Domain Policy:

Get-DomainPolicy

#Will show us the policy configurations of the Domain about system access or kerberos
(Get-DomainPolicy)."system access"
(Get-DomainPolicy)."kerberos policy"

Get Domain Controlers:

Get-NetDomainController
Get-NetDomainController -Domain <DomainName>

Enumerate Domain Users:

Get-NetUser
Get-NetUser -SamAccountName <user> 
Get-NetUser | select cn
Get-UserProperty

#Check last password change
Get-UserProperty -Properties pwdlastset

#Get a specific "string" on a user's attribute
Find-UserField -SearchField Description -SearchTerm "wtver"

#Enumerate user logged on a machine
Get-NetLoggedon -ComputerName <ComputerName>

#Enumerate Session Information for a machine
Get-NetSession -ComputerName <ComputerName>

#Enumerate domain machines of the current/specified domain where specific users are logged into
Find-DomainUserLocation -Domain <DomainName> | Select-Object UserName, SessionFromName

Enum Domain Computers:

Get-NetComputer -FullData
Get-DomainGroup

#Enumerate Live machines 
Get-NetComputer -Ping

Enum Groups and Group Members:

Get-NetGroupMember -GroupName "<GroupName>" -Domain <DomainName>

#Enumerate the members of a specified group of the domain
Get-DomainGroup -Identity <GroupName> | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Member

#Returns all GPOs in a domain that modify local group memberships through Restricted Groups or Group Policy Preferences
Get-DomainGPOLocalGroup | Select-Object GPODisplayName, GroupName

Enumerate Shares

#Enumerate Domain Shares
Find-DomainShare

#Enumerate Domain Shares the current user has access
Find-DomainShare -CheckShareAccess

Enum Group Policies:

Get-NetGPO

# Shows active Policy on specified machine
Get-NetGPO -ComputerName <Name of the PC>
Get-NetGPOGroup

#Get users that are part of a Machine's local Admin group
Find-GPOComputerAdmin -ComputerName <ComputerName>

Enum OUs:

Get-NetOU -FullData 
Get-NetGPO -GPOname <The GUID of the GPO>

Enum ACLs:

# Returns the ACLs associated with the specified account
Get-ObjectAcl -SamAccountName <AccountName> -ResolveGUIDs
Get-ObjectAcl -ADSprefix 'CN=Administrator, CN=Users' -Verbose

#Search for interesting ACEs
Invoke-ACLScanner -ResolveGUIDs

#Check the ACLs associated with a specified path (e.g smb share)
Get-PathAcl -Path "\\Path\Of\A\Share"

Enum Domain Trust:

Get-NetDomainTrust
Get-NetDomainTrust -Domain <DomainName>

Enum Forest Trust:

Get-NetForestDomain
Get-NetForestDomain Forest <ForestName>

#Domains of Forest Enumeration
Get-NetForestDomain
Get-NetForestDomain Forest <ForestName>

#Map the Trust of the Forest
Get-NetForestTrust
Get-NetDomainTrust -Forest <ForestName>

User Hunting:

#Finds all machines on the current domain where the current user has local admin access
Find-LocalAdminAccess -Verbose

#Find local admins on all machines of the domain:
Invoke-EnumerateLocalAdmin -Verbose

#Find computers were a Domain Admin OR a specified user has a session
Invoke-UserHunter
Invoke-UserHunter -GroupName "RDPUsers"
Invoke-UserHunter -Stealth

#Confirming admin access:
Invoke-UserHunter -CheckAccess

❗ Priv Esc to Domain Admin with User Hunting:
I have local admin access on a machine -> A Domain Admin has a session on that machine -> I steal his token and impersonate him ->
Profit!

PowerView 3.0 Tricks

Using AD Module

Get Current Domain: Get-ADDomain
Enum Other Domains: Get-ADDomain -Identity <Domain>
Get Domain SID: Get-DomainSID