The TL-WPA8630P v2 is a HomePlug AV2 compatible device with a QCA9563 SoC
and 2.4GHz and 5GHz WiFi modules.
Specifications
--------------
- QCA9563 750MHz, 2.4GHz WiFi
- QCA9888 5GHz WiFi
- 8MiB SPI Flash
- 128MiB RAM
- 3 GBit Ports (QCA8337)
- PLC (QCA7550)
MAC address assignment
----------------------
WiFi 2.4GHz and LAN share the same MAC address as printed on the label.
5GHz WiFi uses LAN-1, based on assumptions from similar devices.
LAN Port assignment
-------------------
While there are 3 physical LAN ports on the device, there will be 4
visible ports in OpenWrt. The fourth port (internal port 5) is used
by the PowerLine Communication SoC and thus treated like a regular
LAN port.
Versions
--------
Note that both TL-WPA8630 and TL-WPA8630P, as well as the different
country-versions, differ in partitioning, and therefore shouldn't be
cross-flashed.
This adds support for the two known partitioning variants of the
TL-WPA8630P, where the variants can be safely distinguished via the
tplink-safeloader SupportList. For the non-P variants (TL-WPA8630),
at least two additional partitioning schemes exist, and the same
SupportList entry can have different partitioning.
Thus, we don't support those officially (yet).
Also note that the P version for Germany (DE) requires the international
image version, but is properly protected by SupportList.
In any case, please check the OpenWrt Wiki pages for the device
before flashing anything!
Installation
------------
Installation is possible from the OEM web interface. Make sure to
install the latest OEM firmware first, so that the PLC firmware is
at the latest version. However, please also check the Wiki page
for hints according to altered partitioning between OEM firmware
revisions.
Additional thanks to Jon Davies and Joe Mullally for bringing
order into the partitioning mess.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Böhler <dev@aboehler.at>
[minor DTS adjustments, add label-mac-device, drop chosen, move
common partitions to DTSI, rename de to int, add AU support strings,
adjust TPLINK_BOARD_ID, create common node in generic-tp-link.mk,
adjust commit message]
Signed-off-by: Adrian Schmutzler <freifunk@adrianschmutzler.de>
SELinux support requires setting the appropriate SELinux security context
to files and directories, which needs to happen at build time in order
to support read-only root filesystem scenarios. In order to create these
security contexts, we will have to run some SELinux-specific tools on
the host machine, but that requires root access. This adds support for
fakeroot, which the build process will use to run the SELinux security
context creation and the image creation.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@bootlin.com>
Apply to current master, and adjust commit message
Thomas' original work is available at
http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/openwrt-devel/2019-November/025976.html.
Signed-off-by: W. Michael Petullo <mike@flyn.org>
[add rules.mk FAKEROOT variable]
Signed-off-by: Paul Spooren <mail@aparcar.org>
[update, fix macos build]
Signed-off-by: Felix Fietkau <nbd@nbd.name>
The variable in the case argument was mistyped, so the case always
checked against an empty string and never matched.
Fix the variable name. Add a PKG_RELEASE to Makefile so we can bump it.
Fixes: d6de31310c ("cmake: restore parallel build support for bootstrap")
Signed-off-by: Piotr Stefaniak <pstef@freebsd.org>
[add commit message, add PKG_RELEASE, fix commit title, add Fixes:]
Signed-off-by: Adrian Schmutzler <freifunk@adrianschmutzler.de>
This reverts commit 685570858d.
The commit had several formal flaws, revert it and hopefully apply
it properly next time.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Schmutzler <freifunk@adrianschmutzler.de>
The variable in the case argument was mistyped, so the case always
checked against an empty string and never matched.
Fix the variable name.
Signed-off-by: Piotr Stefaniak <pstef@freebsd.org>
[add commit message]
Signed-off-by: Adrian Schmutzler <freifunk@adrianschmutzler.de>
By using localtime() to determine the timestamp that goes into factory
images, the resulting image depends on the timezone of the build system.
Use gmtime() instead, which results in more reproducible images.
Signed-off-by: Sander Vanheule <sander@svanheule.net>
TP-Link RE200 v3 is a wireless range extender with Ethernet and 2.4G and 5G
WiFi with internal antennas. It's based on MediaTek MT7628AN+MT7610EN like the v2.
Specifications
--------------
- MediaTek MT7628AN (580 Mhz)
- 64 MB of RAM
- 8 MB of FLASH
- 2T2R 2.4 GHz and 1T1R 5 GHz
- 1x 10/100 Mbps Ethernet
- 8x LED (GPIO-controlled), 2x button
Unverified:
- UART header on PCB (57600 8n1)
There are 2.4G and 5G LEDs in red and green which are controlled
separately.
MAC addresses
-------------
MAC address assignment has been done according to the RE200 v2.
The label MAC address matches the OpenWrt ethernet address.
Installation
------------
Web Interface
-------------
It is possible to upgrade to OpenWrt via the web interface. Simply flash
the -factory.bin from OEM. In contrast to a stock firmware, this will not
overwrite U-Boot.
Recovery
--------
Unfortunately, this devices does not offer a recovery mode or a tftp
installation method. If the web interface upgrade fails, you have to open
your device and attach serial console.
The device has not been opened for adding support. However, it is expected
that the behavior is similar to the RE200 v2. Instructions for serial console
and recovery may be checked out in commit 6d6f36ae78 ("ramips: add support
for TP-Link RE200 v2") or on the device's Wiki page.
Signed-off-by: Richard Fröhning <misanthropos@gmx.de>
[adjust commit title/message, sort support list]
Signed-off-by: Adrian Schmutzler <freifunk@adrianschmutzler.de>
For the TP-Link 4M devices with tplink-v2-image recipe
(mktplinkfw2.c), there are two different flash layouts based
on the size of the (u)boot partition:
device uboot OEM firmware OpenWrt (incl. config)
tl-wr840n-v5 0x20000 0x3c0000 0x3d0000
tl-wr841n-v14 0x10000 0x3d0000 0x3e0000
In both cases, the 0x10000 config partition is used for the firmware
partition as well due to the limited space available and since it's
recreated by the OEM firmware anyway.
However, the TFTP flashing process will only copy data up to the
size of the initial (OEM) firmware size. Therefore, while we can
use the bigger partition to have additional erase blocks on the
device, we have to limit the image sizes to the TFTP limits.
So far, only one layout definition has been set up in mktplinkfw2.c
for 4M mediatek devices. This adds a second one and assigns them
to the devices so the image sizes are correctly restrained.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Schmutzler <freifunk@adrianschmutzler.de>
The stored source code of flock contains the version string of version
2.18, reflect that in the Makefile.
Motivation is the tracking of changes in the buildsystem, which requires
versioning of packages.
Signed-off-by: Paul Spooren <mail@aparcar.org>
Comparing the in tree stored source file of sstrip suggests it's version
2.0[0], reflect that in the Makefile.
Motivation is the tracking of changes in the buildsystem, which requires
versioning of packages.
[0]: df4426a0f0 (diff-d3ba694d91432a068d5d3b36abf8cd0f)
Signed-off-by: Paul Spooren <mail@aparcar.org>
There is no versioning information in the firmware-utils code nor the
Makefile. Consider it as first release by adding PKG_RELEASE.
Motivation is the tracking of changes in the buildsystem, which requires
versioning of packages.
Also update copyright.
Signed-off-by: Paul Spooren <mail@aparcar.org>
There is no versioning information in the patch-image code nor the
Makefile. Consider it as first release by adding PKG_RELEASE.
Motivation is the tracking of changes in the buildsystem, which requires
versioning of packages.
Also update copyright.
Signed-off-by: Paul Spooren <mail@aparcar.org>
This applies to tools directory what has been done for package/ in
commit 9c170cb92f ("package: drop PKG_VERSION for purely local
packages"):
In the package guidelines, PKG_VERSION is supposed to be used as
"The upstream version number that we're downloading", while
PKG_RELEASE is referred to as "The version of this package Makefile".
Thus, the variables in a strict interpretation provide a clear
distinction between "their" (upstream) version in PKG_VERSION and
"our" (local OpenWrt trunk) version in PKG_RELEASE.
For local (OpenWrt-only) packages, this implies that those will only
need PKG_RELEASE defined, while PKG_VERSION does not apply following
a strict interpretation. While the majority of "our" packages actually
follow that scheme, there are also some that mix both variables or
have one of them defined but keep them at "1".
This is misleading and confusing, which can be observed by the fact
that there typically either one of the variables is never bumped or
the choice of the variable to increase depends on the person doing the
change.
Consequently, this patch aims at clarifying the situation by
consistently using only PKG_RELEASE for "our" packages. For tools/,
only three packages were affected. This fixes two of them, and
leaves the remaining wrt350nv2-builder untouched, as the code there
seems to have some versioning of its own that is treated as upstream
version in PKG_VERSION.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Schmutzler <freifunk@adrianschmutzler.de>
This adds new strings to the support list for the TP-Link CPE210 v3
that are supposed to work with the existing setup.
Without it, the factory image won't be accepted by the vendor UI on
these newer revisions.
Tested on a CPE210 v3.20 (EU).
Ref: https://forum.openwrt.org/t/build-for-cpe210-v3-20/68000
Signed-off-by: Adrian Schmutzler <freifunk@adrianschmutzler.de>
Firmware is binary blob, so there are barely any NULL terminated strings
expected, so we should probably convert all chars into u8 types, and
after that it's clear, that using strcpy doesn't make sense anymore.
This is rather theoretical stuff, but `uint8_t name[PART_NAME_LENGTH]`
means, that you can supply PART_NAME_LENGTH sized name, not
PART_NAME_LENGTH-1 name when NULL terminated.
Ref: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/2274
Fixes: 04cb651376 ("firmware-utils: mkfwimage: fix more errors reported by gcc-6/7/9")
Signed-off-by: Petr Štetiar <ynezz@true.cz>
Add missing calls to `free` for variable `filebuffer`.
Add missing calls to `fclose` for variables `fd` and `fd_out`.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Dalla Costa <andrea@dallacosta.me>
This device uses the same hardware as RE650 v1 which got supported in
8c51dde.
Hardware specification:
- SoC 880 MHz - MediaTek MT7621AT
- 128 MB of DDR3 RAM
- 16 MB - Winbond 25Q128FVSG
- 4T4R 2.4 GHz - MediaTek MT7615E
- 4T4R 5 GHz - MediaTek MT7615E
- 1x 1 Gbps Ethernet - MT7621AT integrated
- 7x LEDs (Power, 2G, 5G, WPS(x2), Lan(x2))
- 4x buttons (Reset, Power, WPS, LED)
- UART header (J1) - 2:GND, 3:RX, 4:TX
Serial console @ 57600,8n1
Flash instructions:
Upload
openwrt-ramips-mt7621-tplink_re500-v1-squashfs-factory.bin
from the RE500 web interface.
TFTP recovery to stock firmware:
Unfortunately, I can't find an easy way to recover the RE
without opening the device and using modified binaries. The
TFTP upload will only work if selected from u-boot, which
means you have to open the device and attach to the serial
console. The TFTP update procedure does *not* accept the
published vendor firmware binaries. However, it allows to
flash kernel + rootfs binaries, and this works if you have
a backup of the original contents of the flash. It's probably
possible to create special image out of the vendor binaries
and use that as recovery image.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Krapp <achterin@googlemail.com>
[remove dts-v1 in DTSI, do not touch WiFi LEDs for RE650, keep
state_default in DTS files, fix label-mac-device, use lower case
for WiFi LEDs]
Signed-off-by: Adrian Schmutzler <freifunk@adrianschmutzler.de>
TP-Link RE220 v2 is a wireless range extender with Ethernet and 2.4G and 5G
WiFi with internal antennas. It's based on MediaTek MT7628AN+MT7610EN.
This port of OpenWRT leverages work done by Andreas Böhler <dev@aboehler.at>
for the TP-Link RE200 v2 as both devices share the same SoC, flash layout
and GPIO pinout.
Specifications
MediaTek MT7628AN (580 Mhz)
64 MB of RAM
8 MB of FLASH
2T2R 2.4 GHz and 1T1R 5 GHz
1x 10/100 Mbps Ethernet
UART header on PCB (57600 8n1)
8x LED (GPIO-controlled), 2x button
There are 2.4G and 5G LEDs in red and green which are controlled separately.
Web Interface Installation
It is possible to upgrade to OpenWrt via the web interface. Simply flash
the -factory.bin from OEM. In contrast to a stock firmware, this will not
overwrite U-Boot.
Signed-off-by: Rowan Border <rowanjborder@gmail.com>
TP-Link CPE610 v2 is an outdoor wireless CPE for 5 GHz with
one Ethernet port based on Atheros AR9344
Specifications:
- 560/450/225 MHz (CPU/DDR/AHB)
- 1x 10/100 Mbps Ethernet
- 64 MB of DDR2 RAM
- 8 MB of SPI-NOR Flash
- 23dBi high-gain directional 2×2 MIMO antenna and a
dedicated metal reflector
- Power, LAN, WLAN5G green LEDs
- 3x green RSSI LEDs
Flashing instructions:
Flash factory image through stock firmware WEB UI
or through TFTP
To get to TFTP recovery just hold reset button while powering on for
around 4-5 seconds and release.
Rename factory image to recovery.bin
Stock TFTP server IP:192.168.0.100
Stock device TFTP adress:192.168.0.254
Signed-off-by: Andrew Cameron <apcameron@softhome.net>
This patch changes the version code of the image header
from `1.1.99_0.0.0.0` to `99.99.99_99.99.99.99`. This
is neccessary on some devices where the stock firmware
checks the version field, possibly preventing third-party
firmware from being installed.
Reviewed-by: Thibaut VARÈNE <hacks@slashdirt.org>
Signed-off-by: Joseph C. Lehner <joseph.c.lehner@gmail.com>
TP-Link RE450 v3 is a dual band router/range-extender based on
Qualcomm/Atheros QCA9563 + QCA9880.
This device is nearly identical to RE450 v2 besides a modified flash
layout (hence I think force-flashing a RE450v2 image will lead to at
least loss of MAC address).
Specification:
- 775 MHz CPU
- 64 MB of RAM (DDR2)
- 8 MB of FLASH (SPI NOR)
- 3T3R 2.4 GHz
- 3T3R 5 GHz
- 1x 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet (AR8033 PHY)
- 7x LED, 4x button-
- possible UART header on PCB¹
Flash instruction:
Apply factory image in OEM firmware web-gui.
¹ Didn't check to connect as I didn't even manage to connect on
RE450v2 (AFAIU it requires disconnecting some resistors, which I was
too much of a coward to do). But given the similarities to v2 I
think it's the same or very similar procedure (and most likely also
the only way to debrick).
Signed-off-by: Andreas Wiese <aw-openwrt@meterriblecrew.net>
[remove dts-v1 and compatible in DTSI]
Signed-off-by: Adrian Schmutzler <freifunk@adrianschmutzler.de>
Fixes the following build error with GCC 10:
/usr/bin/ld: read_fs.o:(.bss+0x0): multiple definition of `swap'; mksquashfs.o:(.bss+0x1b2a88): first defined here
And a compile warning.
Fixes: FS#3104, FS#3119
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Some autotools based build systems are using autoconf-archive scripts
and are expecting them to almost always be available. This is not
required for regular releases as tar balls generated for releases
commonly have existing configure script. This is rather intended to be
used with autotools.mk's autoreconf and in cases it is not always
possible to get release tar ball.
Including this adds little to no overhead in terms of build time as
those are just m4 scripts copied to an appropriate location.
Signed-off-by: Karel Kočí <karel.koci@nic.cz>
[fixed From: to match SoB]
Signed-off-by: Petr Štetiar <ynezz@true.cz>
This commit adds support for Ubiquiti devices based on the XC board
type, such as the PowerBeam 5AC 500. The factory binary structure is
the same as the WA type.
Signed-off-by: Roger Pueyo Centelles <roger.pueyo@guifi.net>
also change the download source to https and add a mirror
drop merged patches
Signed-off-by: Lucian Cristian <lucian.cristian@gmail.com>
[Add extra changes to compile on FreeBSD, merge two patches]
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
macos doesn't define a loff_t type, the native off_t type being 64bit
anyway.
Persuade e2fsprogs to accept off_t instead on macos
Signed-off-by: Kevin Darbyshire-Bryant <ldir@darbyshire-bryant.me.uk>
Update xz to 5.2.5
Disable NLS support to be consistent with other tools such as bison, e2fsprogs
and sed.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Engberg <daniel.engberg.lists@pyret.net>
Update findutils to 4.7.0
Remove patches
Enable pthreads
Disable NLS support to be consistent with other tools such as bison, e2fsprogs
and sed.
Disable selinux support to be consistent with other tools such as sed and tar
Disable rpath as we don't need hardcoded paths
Signed-off-by: Daniel Engberg <daniel.engberg.lists@pyret.net>
Remove libressl patches; they are no longer needed as LibreSSl adde
support
Replace qt tests patch with one that disables all of them.
Refresh remaining one.
Signed-off-by: Rosen Penev <rosenp@gmail.com>
Add GPT support to ptgen, so we can generate EFI bootable images.
Introduced two options:
-g generate GPT partition table
-G GUID use GUID for disk and increase last bit for all partitions
We drop The alternate partition table to reduce size, This may cause
problems when generate vmdk images or vdi images. We have to pad enough
sectors when generate these images.
Signed-off-by: 李国 <uxgood.org@gmail.com>
[fixed compilation on macOS]
Signed-off-by: Petr Štetiar <ynezz@true.cz>
The last couple of TP-Link firmware releases for Archer C6 v2 (EU)
have switched to version 1.2.x. Bump the soft_ver to "1.2.1" to
allow firmware updates from the vendor web interface.
TP-Link vendor firmware releases supported by this change:
* Archer C6(EU)_V2_200110: soft_ver:1.2.1 Build 20200110 rel.60119
* Archer C6(EU)_V2_191014: soft_ver:1.2.0 Build 20191014 rel.33289
Signed-off-by: Georgi Vlaev <georgi.vlaev@gmail.com>
In order to build squashfskit with GCC10, this backport from upstream is needed.
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robert.marko@sartura.hr>
[increase PKG_RELEASE]
Signed-off-by: Alexander Couzens <lynxis@fe80.eu>
TP-Link Archer C60 v3 is a dual-band AC1350 router,
based on Qualcomm/Atheros QCA9561 + QCA9886.
It seems to be identical to the v2 revision, except that
it lacks a WPS LED and has different GPIO for amber WAN LED.
Specification:
- 775/650/258 MHz (CPU/DDR/AHB)
- 64 MB of RAM (DDR2)
- 8 MB of FLASH (SPI NOR)
- 3T3R 2.4 GHz
- 2T2R 5 GHz
- 5x 10/100 Mbps Ethernet
- 6x LED, 2x button
- UART header on PCB
Flash instruction (WebUI):
Download *-factory.bin image and upload it via the firmwary upgrade
function of the stock firmware WebUI.
Flash instruction (TFTP):
1. Set PC to fixed IP address 192.168.0.66
2. Download *-factory.bin image and rename it to tp_recovery.bin
3. Start a tftp server with the file tp_recovery.bin in its root
directory
4. Turn off the router
5. Press and hold reset button
6. Turn on router with the reset button pressed and wait ~15 seconds
7. Release the reset button and after a short time the firmware should
be transferred from the tftp server
8. Wait ~30 second to complete recovery
While TFTP works for OpenWrt images, my device didn't accept the
only available official firmware "Archer C60(EU)_V3.0_190115.bin".
In contrast to earlier revisions (v2), the v3 contains the (same)
MAC address twice, once in 0x1fa08 and again in 0x1fb08.
While the partition-table on the device refers to the latter, the
firmware image contains a different partition-table for that region:
name device firmware
factory-boot 0x00000-0x1fb00 0x00000-0x1fa00
default-mac 0x1fb00-0x1fd00 0x1fa00-0x1fc00
pin 0x1fd00-0x1fe00 0x1fc00-0x1fd00
product-info 0x1fe00-0x1ff00 0x1fd00-0x1ff00
device-id 0x1ff00-0x20000 0x1ff00-0x20000
While the MAC address is present twice, other data like the PIN isn't,
so with the partitioning from the firmware image the PIN on the device
would actually be outside of its partition.
Consequently, the patch uses the MAC location from the device (which
is the same as for the v2).
Signed-off-by: Adrian Schmutzler <freifunk@adrianschmutzler.de>
The pkgconf fork filters -I and -L flag values from .pc files which match
pkgconf's builtin system directory value.
During configure, pkgconf derives the default system include and library
search path values from exec_prefix, which is set to staging_dir/host in
the host tool build phase.
Due to that, pkgconf will drop all -I and -L flags pointing to
staging_dir/host/include or staging_dir/host/lib, unless invoked with
--keep-system-cflags and --keep-system-libs respectively, breaking our
kernel libelf discovery / stack validation workarounds.
In order to inhibit the filtering, add --keep-system-cflags and
--keep-system-libs to our pkg-config shell wrapper.
Fixes: GH#2832
Fixes: 867298cf47 ("tools/pkg-config: Replace with pkgconf")
Ref: https://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/openwrt-devel/2020-March/022182.html
Ref: https://git.openwrt.org/fe43969336201f2cc7d103b68fd6e65989bee184
Signed-off-by: Jo-Philipp Wich <jo@mein.io>
Acked-by: Petr Štetiar <ynezz@true.cz>
As part of the kernel build process there are utilities built to run on
the host system that expect linux kernel headers to be available.
Unfortunately macos/darwin doesn't have these headers.
vdso2c requires types.h so provide a minimal stub to satisfy it.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Darbyshire-Bryant <ldir@darbyshire-bryant.me.uk>
Code was attempting to determine the size of the file
before it was actually known and allocating insufficient
memory space. Images above a certain size caused a
segmentation fault. Moving the calloc() ensured ensured
that large images didn't result in a buffer overflow on
memcpy().
Signed-off-by: Michael T Farnworth <michael@turf.org>
[fixed name in From to match one in SoB]
Signed-off-by: Petr Štetiar <ynezz@true.cz>
pkgconf is a newer, actively maintained implementation of pkg-config that
supports more aspects of the pkg-config file specification and provides a
library interface that applications can use to incorporate intelligent
handling of pkg-config files into themselves (such as build file
generators, IDEs, and compilers). Through its pkg-config compatibility
interface (activated when it is run as "pkg-config"), it also can
completely replace the original implementation.
It is also lighterweight and does not require glib2, as pkg-config does.
On other distros, pkgconf is symlinked to pkg-config. For simplicity here,
it is renamed to pkg-config.real, as in the original package.
Initial results have been positive. As before, pkgconf works as long as
the pkg-config files point to the proper paths.
Signed-off-by: Rosen Penev <rosenp@gmail.com>
[backported upstream fix for Meson]
Signed-off-by: Petr Štetiar <ynezz@true.cz>
Currently, if "make tools/install" is called after tools have already
been installed, a symbolic link named "lib" will be created inside
$(STAGING_DIR_HOST)/lib, pointing to "lib" (i.e. itself).
During tools/prepare, a "lib64" symlink is created inside
$(STAGING_DIR_HOST) that points to "lib" (also inside
$(STAGING_DIR_HOST)).
If tools/prepare is called and the "lib64" symlink already exists, then
ln will treat it as a directory and instead create a symlink named "lib"
inside of that directory.
This adds the -n option for ln so that $(STAGING_DIR_HOST)/lib64 is
always treated as a normal file (the link name), not as a directory.
Signed-off-by: Jeffery To <jeffery.to@gmail.com>
Felix Fietkau
Andreas Böhler
Thomas Petazzoni
Piotr Stefaniak
Adrian Schmutzler
Sander Vanheule
Richard Fröhning
Ted Hess
Paul Spooren
Petr Štetiar
David Woodhouse
Andrea Dalla Costa
Christoph Krapp
Rowan Border
Sungbo Eo
Andrew Cameron
Joseph C. Lehner
Andreas Wiese
Matthias Schiffer
DENG Qingfang
Hauke Mehrtens
Karel Kočí
Roger Pueyo Centelles
Lucian Cristian
Kevin Darbyshire-Bryant
Daniel Engberg
Rosen Penev
李国
Georgi Vlaev
Robert Marko
Alexander Couzens
Jo-Philipp Wich
Yufei Miao
Michael T Farnworth
Jeffery To