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PayloadsAllTheThings/Methodology and Resources/Methodology_and_enumeration.md

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Bug Hunting Methodology and Enumeration

Summary

Passive recon

  • Using Shodan (https://www.shodan.io/) to detect similar app

    can be integrated with nmap (https://github.com/glennzw/shodan-hq-nse)
nmap --script shodan-hq.nse --script-args 'apikey=<yourShodanAPIKey>,target=<hackme>'

  • Using The Wayback Machine (https://archive.org/web/) to detect forgotten endpoints

    look for JS files, old links

  • Using The Harvester (https://github.com/laramies/theHarvester)

    python theHarvester.py -b all -d domain.com

Active recon

  • Masscan
masscan -iL ips-online.txt --rate 10000 -p1-65535 --only-open -oL masscan.out
masscan -e tun0 -p1-65535,U:1-65535 10.10.10.97 --rate 1000

  • Basic NMAP

    sudo nmap -sSV -p- 192.168.0.1 -oA OUTPUTFILE -T4
sudo nmap -sSV -oA OUTPUTFILE -T4 -iL INPUTFILE.csv

• the flag -sSV defines the type of packet to send to the server and tells Nmap to try and determine any service on open ports
• the -p- tells Nmap to check all 65,535 ports (by default it will only check the most popular 1,000)
• 192.168.0.1 is the IP address to scan
• -oA OUTPUTFILE tells Nmap to output the findings in its three major formats at once using the filename "OUTPUTFILE"
• -iL INPUTFILE tells Nmap to use the provided file as inputs

  • CTF NMAP This configuration is enough to do a basic check for a CTF VM

    nmap -sV -sC -oA ~/nmap-initial 192.168.1.1

-sV : Probe open ports to determine service/version info
-sC : to enable the script
-oA : to save the results

After this quick command you can add "-p-" to run a full scan while you work with the previous result

  • Aggressive NMAP

    nmap -A -T4 scanme.nmap.org
• -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
• -T4: Defines the timing for the task (options are 0-5 and higher is faster)

  • NMAP and add-ons

    • Using searchsploit to detect vulnerable services

      nmap -p- -sV -oX a.xml IP_ADDRESS; searchsploit --nmap a.xml

    • Generating nice scan report

      nmap -sV IP_ADDRESS -oX scan.xml && xsltproc scan.xml -o "`date +%m%d%y`_report.html"

  • NMAP Scripts

    nmap -sC : equivalent to --script=default

nmap --script 'http-enum' -v web.xxxx.com -p80 -oN http-enum.nmap
PORT   STATE SERVICE
80/tcp open  http
| http-enum:
|   /phpmyadmin/: phpMyAdmin
|   /.git/HEAD: Git folder
|   /css/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on 'apache/2.4.10 (debian)'
|_  /image/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on 'apache/2.4.10 (debian)'

nmap --script smb-enum-users.nse -p 445 [target host]
Host script results:
| smb-enum-users:
|   METASPLOITABLE\backup (RID: 1068)
|     Full name:   backup
|     Flags:       Account disabled, Normal user account
|   METASPLOITABLE\bin (RID: 1004)
|     Full name:   bin
|     Flags:       Account disabled, Normal user account
|   METASPLOITABLE\msfadmin (RID: 3000)
|     Full name:   msfadmin,,,
|     Flags:       Normal user account

List Nmap scripts : ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/

  • RPCClient

    ╰─$ rpcclient -U "" [target host]
rpcclient $> querydominfo
Domain: WORKGROUP
Server: METASPLOITABLE
Comment: metasploitable server (Samba 3.0.20-Debian)
Total Users: 35

rpcclient $> enumdomusers
user:[games] rid:[0x3f2]
user:[nobody] rid:[0x1f5]
user:[bind] rid:[0x4ba]

  • Enum4all

    Usage: ./enum4linux.pl [options]ip
-U        get userlist
-M        get machine list*
-S        get sharelist
-P        get password policy information
-G        get group and member list
-d        be detailed, applies to -U and -S
-u user   specify username to use (default “”)
-p pass   specify password to use (default “”
-a        Do all simple enumeration (-U -S -G -P -r -o -n -i).
-o        Get OS information
-i        Get printer information
==============================
|   Users on XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX |
==============================
index: 0x1 Account: games Name: games Desc: (null)
index: 0x2 Account: nobody Name: nobody Desc: (null)
index: 0x3 Account: bind Name: (null) Desc: (null)
index: 0x4 Account: proxy Name: proxy Desc: (null)
index: 0x5 Account: syslog Name: (null) Desc: (null)
index: 0x6 Account: user Name: just a user,111,, Desc: (null)
index: 0x7 Account: www-data Name: www-data Desc: (null)
index: 0x8 Account: root Name: root Desc: (null)

List all the subdirectories and files

  • Using BFAC (Backup File Artifacts Checker): An automated tool that checks for backup artifacts that may disclose the web-application's source code.

    git clone https://github.com/mazen160/bfac

Check a single URL
bfac --url http://example.com/test.php --level 4

Check a list of URLs
bfac --list testing_list.txt

  • Using DirBuster or GoBuster

    ./gobuster -u http://buffered.io/ -w words.txt -t 10
-u url
-w wordlist
-t threads

More subdomain :
./gobuster -m dns -w subdomains.txt -u google.com -i

gobuster -w wordlist -u URL -r -e

  • Using a script to detect all phpinfo.php files in a range of IPs (CIDR can be found with a whois)

    #!/bin/bash
for ipa in 98.13{6..9}.{0..255}.{0..255}; do
wget -t 1 -T 3 http://${ipa}/phpinfo.php; done &

  • Using a script to detect all .htpasswd files in a range of IPs

    #!/bin/bash
for ipa in 98.13{6..9}.{0..255}.{0..255}; do
wget -t 1 -T 3 http://${ipa}/.htpasswd; done &

Looking for Web vulnerabilities

  • Look for private information in GitHub repos with GitRob

    git clone https://github.com/michenriksen/gitrob.git
gitrob analyze johndoe --site=https://github.acme.com --endpoint=https://github.acme.com/api/v3 --access-tokens=token1,token2

  • Explore the website with a proxy (ZAP/Burp Suite)

    1. Start proxy, visit the main target site and perform a Forced Browse to discover files and directories
    2. Map technologies used with Wappalyzer and Burp Suite (or ZAP) proxy
    3. Explore and understand available functionality, noting areas that correspond to vulnerability types
    Burp Proxy configuration on port 8080 (in .bashrc):
alias set_proxy_burp='gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http host "http://localhost";gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http port 8080;gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode "manual"'
alias set_proxy_normal='gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode "none"'

then launch Burp with : java -jar burpsuite_free_v*.jar &

  • Checklist for Web vulns

  • Subscribe to the site and pay for the additional functionality to test

  • Launch a Nikto scan in case you missed something

    nikto -h http://domain.example.com

  • Payment functionality - @gwendallecoguic

    if the webapp you're testing uses an external payment gateway, check the doc to find the test credit numbers, purchase something and if the webapp didn't disable the test mode, it will be free

    From https://stripe.com/docs/testing#cards : "Use any of the following test card numbers, a valid expiration date in the future, and any random CVC number, to create a successful payment. Each test card's billing country is set to U.S. " e.g :

Test card numbers and tokens

NUMBER BRAND TOKEN
4242424242424242 Visa tok_visa
4000056655665556 Visa (debit) tok_visa_debit
5555555555554444 Mastercard tok_mastercard

International test card numbers and tokens

NUMBER TOKEN COUNTRY BRAND
4000000400000008 tok_at Austria (AT) Visa
4000000560000004 tok_be Belgium (BE) Visa
4000002080000001 tok_dk Denmark (DK) Visa
4000002460000001 tok_fi Finland (FI) Visa
4000002500000003 tok_fr France (FR) Visa

References