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iptables, nftables, UFW, and firewalld
The following is comparison table highlighting the features and characteristics of iptables, nftables, UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall), and firewalld:
| Feature | iptables | nftables | UFW | firewalld |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Framework | Legacy framework | Modern framework | User-friendly wrapper for iptables | Dynamic firewall management tool |
| Syntax | Complex syntax | Simplified syntax | Simplified syntax | XML-based configuration files |
| Rule Evaluation | Top-down order | Ordered by priority | Top-down order | Dynamic and transaction-based |
| Protocol Support | IPv4 and IPv6 | IPv4 and IPv6 | IPv4 and IPv6 | IPv4 and IPv6 |
| Rule Matching | Basic matching options | Extended matching options | Basic matching options | Extended matching options |
| Performance | Good | Better performance than iptables | Good | Good |
| Network Address Translation (NAT) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Connection Tracking | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Integration | Compatible with nftables (with compatibility modules) | Replaced iptables and ip6tables | N/A | Replaced iptables |
| User Interface | Command-line interface (CLI) | Command-line interface (CLI) | Command-line interface (CLI) and graphical interface | Command-line interface (CLI) and graphical interface |
| Firewall Zones | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes |
| Easy Configuration | Requires detailed rule configuration | Simplified rule configuration | Simplified rule configuration | Simplified rule configuration |
| Default on Distro | Most Linux distributions | Some Linux distributions | Ubuntu, Debian, and their derivatives | CentOS, Fedora, RHEL, and their derivatives |
This table provides a general overview of the features and characteristics of each firewall tool, and the specific details may vary based on the Linux distribution, version, and configuration.