PayloadsAllTheThings/Methodology and Resources/Methodology_and_enumeration.md

# Bug Hunting Methodology and Enumeration

## Summary

* [Passive Recon](#passive-recon)
  * Shodan
  * Wayback Machine
  * The Harvester

* [Active Recon](#active-recon)
  * Nmap
  * Nmap Script
  * RPCClient
  * Enum4all

* [List all the subdirectories and files](#list-all-the-subdirectories-and-files)
  * Gobuster
  * Backup File Artifacts Checker

* [Web Vulnerabilities](#looking-for-web-vulnerabilities)
  * Repository Github
  * Burp
  * Web Checklist
  * Nikto
  * Payment functionality

## Passive recon

* Using Shodan (https://www.shodan.io/) to detect similar app

  ```bash
  can be integrated with nmap (https://github.com/glennzw/shodan-hq-nse)
  nmap --script shodan-hq.nse --script-args 'apikey=<yourShodanAPIKey>,target=<hackme>'
  ```

* Using The Wayback Machine (https://archive.org/web/) to detect forgotten endpoints

  ```bash
  look for JS files, old links
  ```

* Using The Harvester (https://github.com/laramies/theHarvester)

  ```python
  python theHarvester.py -b all -d domain.com
  ```

## Active recon

* Basic NMAP

  ```bash
  sudo nmap -sSV -p- 192.168.0.1 -oA OUTPUTFILE -T4
  sudo nmap -sSV -oA OUTPUTFILE -T4 -iL INPUTFILE.csv

  • the flag -sSV defines the type of packet to send to the server and tells Nmap to try and determine any service on open ports
  • the -p- tells Nmap to check all 65,535 ports (by default it will only check the most popular 1,000)
  • 192.168.0.1 is the IP address to scan
  • -oA OUTPUTFILE tells Nmap to output the findings in its three major formats at once using the filename "OUTPUTFILE"
  • -iL INPUTFILE tells Nmap to use the provided file as inputs
  ```

* CTF NMAP
  This configuration is enough to do a basic check for a CTF VM

  ```bash
  nmap -sV -sC -oA ~/nmap-initial 192.168.1.1

  -sV : Probe open ports to determine service/version info
  -sC : to enable the script
  -oA : to save the results

  After this quick command you can add "-p-" to run a full scan while you work with the previous result
  ```

* Aggressive NMAP

  ```bash
  nmap -A -T4 scanme.nmap.org
  • -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
  • -T4: Defines the timing for the task (options are 0-5 and higher is faster)
  ```

* NMAP and add-ons
  * Using searchsploit to detect vulnerable services
  
    ```bash
    nmap -p- -sV -oX a.xml IP_ADDRESS; searchsploit --nmap a.xml
    ```

  * Generating nice scan report
  
    ```bash
    nmap -sV IP_ADDRESS -oX scan.xml && xsltproc scan.xml -o "`date +%m%d%y`_report.html"
    ```

* NMAP Scripts

  ```bash
  nmap -sC : equivalent to --script=default

  nmap --script 'http-enum' -v web.xxxx.com -p80 -oN http-enum.nmap
  PORT   STATE SERVICE
  80/tcp open  http
  | http-enum:
  |   /phpmyadmin/: phpMyAdmin
  |   /.git/HEAD: Git folder
  |   /css/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on 'apache/2.4.10 (debian)'
  |_  /image/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on 'apache/2.4.10 (debian)'

  nmap --script smb-enum-users.nse -p 445 [target host]
  Host script results:
  | smb-enum-users:
  |   METASPLOITABLE\backup (RID: 1068)
  |     Full name:   backup
  |     Flags:       Account disabled, Normal user account
  |   METASPLOITABLE\bin (RID: 1004)
  |     Full name:   bin
  |     Flags:       Account disabled, Normal user account
  |   METASPLOITABLE\msfadmin (RID: 3000)
  |     Full name:   msfadmin,,,
  |     Flags:       Normal user account

  List Nmap scripts : ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/
  ```

* RPCClient

  ```bash
  ╰─$ rpcclient -U "" [target host]
  rpcclient $> querydominfo
  Domain: WORKGROUP
  Server: METASPLOITABLE
  Comment: metasploitable server (Samba 3.0.20-Debian)
  Total Users: 35

  rpcclient $> enumdomusers
  user:[games] rid:[0x3f2]
  user:[nobody] rid:[0x1f5]
  user:[bind] rid:[0x4ba]
  ```

* Enum4all

  ```bash
  Usage: ./enum4linux.pl [options]ip
  -U        get userlist
  -M        get machine list*
  -S        get sharelist
  -P        get password policy information
  -G        get group and member list
  -d        be detailed, applies to -U and -S
  -u user   specify username to use (default “”)
  -p pass   specify password to use (default “”
  -a        Do all simple enumeration (-U -S -G -P -r -o -n -i).
  -o        Get OS information
  -i        Get printer information
  ==============================
  |   Users on XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX |
  ==============================
  index: 0x1 Account: games Name: games Desc: (null)
  index: 0x2 Account: nobody Name: nobody Desc: (null)
  index: 0x3 Account: bind Name: (null) Desc: (null)
  index: 0x4 Account: proxy Name: proxy Desc: (null)
  index: 0x5 Account: syslog Name: (null) Desc: (null)
  index: 0x6 Account: user Name: just a user,111,, Desc: (null)
  index: 0x7 Account: www-data Name: www-data Desc: (null)
  index: 0x8 Account: root Name: root Desc: (null)
  ```  

## List all the subdirectories and files

* Using BFAC (Backup File Artifacts Checker): An automated tool that checks for backup artifacts that may disclose the web-application's source code.

  ```bash
  git clone https://github.com/mazen160/bfac

  Check a single URL
  bfac --url http://example.com/test.php --level 4

  Check a list of URLs
  bfac --list testing_list.txt
  ```

* Using DirBuster or GoBuster

  ```bash
  ./gobuster -u http://buffered.io/ -w words.txt -t 10
  -u url
  -w wordlist
  -t threads

  More subdomain :
  ./gobuster -m dns -w subdomains.txt -u google.com -i

  gobuster -w wordlist -u URL -r -e
  ```

* Using a script to detect all phpinfo.php files in a range of IPs (CIDR can be found with a whois)

  ```bash
  #!/bin/bash
  for ipa in 98.13{6..9}.{0..255}.{0..255}; do
  wget -t 1 -T 3 http://${ipa}/phpinfo.php; done &
  ```

* Using a script to detect all .htpasswd files in a range of IPs

  ```bash
  #!/bin/bash
  for ipa in 98.13{6..9}.{0..255}.{0..255}; do
  wget -t 1 -T 3 http://${ipa}/.htpasswd; done &
  ```

## Looking for Web vulnerabilities

* Look for private information in GitHub repos with GitRob

  ```bash
  git clone https://github.com/michenriksen/gitrob.git
  gitrob analyze johndoe --site=https://github.acme.com --endpoint=https://github.acme.com/api/v3 --access-tokens=token1,token2
  ```

* Explore the website with a proxy (ZAP/Burp Suite)
  1. Start proxy, visit the main target site and perform a Forced Browse to discover files and directories
  2. Map technologies used with Wappalyzer and Burp Suite (or ZAP) proxy
  3. Explore and understand available functionality, noting areas that correspond to vulnerability types

    ```bash
    Burp Proxy configuration on port 8080 (in .bashrc):
    alias set_proxy_burp='gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http host "http://localhost";gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy.http port 8080;gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode "manual"'
    alias set_proxy_normal='gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode "none"'

    then launch Burp with : java -jar burpsuite_free_v*.jar &
    ```

* [Checklist for Web vulns](http://mdsec.net/wahh/tasks.html)

* Subscribe to the site and pay for the additional functionality to test

* Launch a Nikto scan in case you missed something

  ```powershell
  nikto -h http://domain.example.com
  ```

* Payment functionality - [@gwendallecoguic](https://twitter.com/gwendallecoguic/status/988138794686779392)
  > if the webapp you're testing uses an external payment gateway, check the doc to find the test credit numbers, purchase something and if the webapp didn't disable the test mode, it will be free

  From https://stripe.com/docs/testing#cards : "Use any of the following test card numbers, a valid expiration date in the future, and any random CVC number, to create a successful payment. Each test card's billing country is set to U.S. "
  e.g :

Test card numbers and tokens  

| NUMBER           | BRAND          | TOKEN          |
| :-------------   | :------------- | :------------- |
| 4242424242424242 | Visa           | tok_visa       |
| 4000056655665556 | Visa (debit)   | tok_visa_debit |
| 5555555555554444 | Mastercard     | tok_mastercard |

International test card numbers and tokens     

| NUMBER           | TOKEN          | COUNTRY        | BRAND          |
| :-------------   | :------------- | :------------- | :------------- |
| 4000000400000008 | tok_at         | Austria (AT)   | Visa           |
| 4000000560000004 | tok_be         | Belgium (BE)   | Visa           |
| 4000002080000001 | tok_dk         | Denmark (DK)   | Visa           |
| 4000002460000001 | tok_fi         | Finland (FI)   | Visa           |
| 4000002500000003 | tok_fr         | France (FR)    | Visa           |

## Thanks to

* [[BugBounty] Yahoo phpinfo.php disclosure - Patrik Fehrenbach](http://blog.it-securityguard.com/bugbounty-yahoo-phpinfo-php-disclosure-2/)
* [Nmap CheatSheet - HackerTarget](https://hackertarget.com/nmap-cheatsheet-a-quick-reference-guide/)