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82 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
82 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
# Insecure Direct Object References
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> Insecure Direct Object References occur when an application provides direct access to objects based on user-supplied input. As a result of this vulnerability attackers can bypass authorization and access resources in the system directly, for example database records or files. - OWASP
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## Summary
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* [Tools](#tools)
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* [Exploit](#exploit)
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* [IDOR Tips](#idor-tips)
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* [Examples](#examples)
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* [Labs](#labs)
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* [References](#references)
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## Tools
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- [BApp Store > Authz](https://portswigger.net/bappstore/4316cc18ac5f434884b2089831c7d19e)
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- [BApp Store > AuthMatrix](https://portswigger.net/bappstore/30d8ee9f40c041b0bfec67441aad158e)
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- [BApp Store > Autorize](https://portswigger.net/bappstore/f9bbac8c4acf4aefa4d7dc92a991af2f)
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## Exploit
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For instance, consider a URL like `https://example.com/account?userid=123`. In this case, `123` is a direct object reference to a specific user's account. If the application doesn't properly check that the logged-in user has the right to access the account related to `userid=123`, then any user could potentially change the userid in the URL to access other users' accounts.
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The value of a parameter is used directly to retrieve a database record.
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```powershell
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http://foo.bar/somepage?invoice=12345
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```
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The value of a parameter is used directly to perform an operation in the system
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```powershell
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http://foo.bar/changepassword?user=someuser
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```
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The value of a parameter is used directly to retrieve a file system resource
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```powershell
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http://foo.bar/showImage?img=img00011
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```
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The value of a parameter is used directly to access application functionality
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```powershell
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http://foo.bar/accessPage?menuitem=12
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```
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### IDOR Tips
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* Change the HTTP request: POST → PUT
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* Change the content type: XML → JSON
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* Increment/decrement numerical values (1,2,3,..)
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* GUID/UUID might be weak
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* Transform numerical values to arrays: `{"id":19} → {"id":[19]}`
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## Examples
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* [HackerOne - IDOR to view User Order Information - meals](https://hackerone.com/reports/287789)
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* [HackerOne - IDOR on HackerOne Feedback Review - japz](https://hackerone.com/reports/262661)
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## Labs
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* [PortSwigger - Insecure direct object references](https://portswigger.net/web-security/access-control/lab-insecure-direct-object-references)
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## References
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* [OWASP - Testing for Insecure Direct Object References (OTG-AUTHZ-004)](https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Insecure_Direct_Object_References_(OTG-AUTHZ-004))
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* [OWASP - Insecure Direct Object Reference Prevention Cheat Sheet](https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Insecure_Direct_Object_Reference_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet)
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* [BUGCROWD - How-To: Find IDOR (Insecure Direct Object Reference) Vulnerabilities for large bounty rewards - Sam Houton](https://www.bugcrowd.com/blog/how-to-find-idor-insecure-direct-object-reference-vulnerabilities-for-large-bounty-rewards/)
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* [IDOR tweet as any user](http://kedrisec.com/twitter-publish-by-any-user/) by kedrisec
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* [Manipulation of ETH balance](https://www.vicompany.nl/magazine/from-christmas-present-in-the-blockchain-to-massive-bug-bounty)
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* [Viewing private Airbnb Messages](http://buer.haus/2017/03/31/airbnb-web-to-app-phone-notification-idor-to-view-everyones-airbnb-messages/)
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* [Hunting Insecure Direct Object Reference Vulnerabilities for Fun and Profit (PART-1) - Mohammed Abdul Raheem - Feb 2, 2018](https://codeburst.io/hunting-insecure-direct-object-reference-vulnerabilities-for-fun-and-profit-part-1-f338c6a52782) |