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7.6 KiB
7.6 KiB
Hash Cracking
Summary
Hashcat
Hashcat Install
apt install cmake build-essential -y
apt install checkinstall git -y
git clone https://github.com/hashcat/hashcat.git && cd hashcat && make -j 8 && make install
- Extract the hash
- Get the hash format: https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=example_hashes
- Establish a cracking stratgy based on hash format (ex: wordlist -> wordlist + rules -> mask -> combinator mode -> prince attack -> ...)
- Enjoy plains
- Review strategy
- Start over
Dictionary
Every word of a given list (a.k.a. dictionary) is hashed and compared against the target hash.
hashcat --attack-mode 0 --hash-type $number $hashes_file $wordlist_file -r $my_rules
-
Wordlists
-
Rules
Mask attack
Mask attack is an attack mode which optimize brute-force.
Every possibility for a given character set and a given length (i.e. aaa, aab, aac, ...) is hashed and compared against the target hash.
# Mask: upper*1+lower*5+digit*2 and upper*1+lower*6+digit*2
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 ?u?l?l?l?l?l?d?d
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?d?d
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 -1 "*+!??" ?u?l?l?l?l?l?d?d?1
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 -1 "*+!??" ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?d?d?1
# Mask: upper*1+lower*3+digit*4 and upper*1+lower*3+digit*4
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 ?u?l?l?l?d?d?d?d
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 ?u?l?l?l?l?d?d?d?d
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 ?u?l?l?l?l?l?d?d?d?d
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 -1 "*+!??" ?u?l?l?l?d?d?d?d?1
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 -1 "*+!??" ?u?l?l?l?l?d?d?d?d?1
# Mask: lower*6 + digit*2 + special digit(+!?*)
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 -1 "*+!??" ?l?l?l?l?l?l?d?d?1
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 -1 "*+!??" ?l?l?l?l?l?l?d?d?1?1
# Mask: lower*6 + digit*2
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 /content/hashcat/masks/8char-1l-1u-1d-1s-compliant.hcmask
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 -1 ?l?d?u ?1?1?1?1?1?1?1?1
# Other examples
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 ?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 ?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a
hashcat -m 1000 --status --status-timer 300 -w 4 -O /content/*.ntds -a 3 ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?d?d?d?d
hashcat --attack-mode 3 --increment --increment-min 4 --increment-max 8 --hash-type $number $hashes_file "?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a"
hashcat --attack-mode 3 --hash-type $number $hashes_file "?u?l?l?l?d?d?d?d?s"
hashcat --attack-mode 3 --hash-type $number $hashes_file "?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a"
hashcat --attack-mode 3 --custom-charset1 "?u" --custom-charset2 "?l?u?d" --custom-charset3 "?d" --hash-type $number $hashes_file "?1?2?2?2?3"
Shortcut | Characters |
---|---|
?l | abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz |
?u | ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ |
?d | 0123456789 |
?s | !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[]^_`{}~ |
?a | ?l?u?d?s |
?b | 0x00 - 0xff |
John
John Usage
# Run on password file containing hashes to be cracked
john passwd
# Use a specific wordlist
john --wordlist=<wordlist> passwd
# Use a specific wordlist with rules
john --wordlist=<wordlist> passwd --rules=Jumbo
# Show cracked passwords
john --show passwd
# Restore interrupted sessions
john --restore
Rainbow tables
The hash is looked for in a pre-computed table. It is a time-memory trade-off that allows cracking hashes faster, but costing a greater amount of memory than traditional brute-force of dictionary attacks. This attack cannot work if the hashed value is salted (i.e. hashed with an additional random value as prefix/suffix, making the pre-computed table irrelevant)
Tips and Tricks
- Cloud GPU
- Build a rig on premise
- Online cracking
- Hashes.com
- hashmob.net: great community with Discord
- Use the
loopback
in combination with rules and dictionary to keep cracking until you don't find new passsword:hashcat --loopback --attack-mode 0 --rules-file $rules_file --hash-type $number $hashes_file $wordlist_file
- PACK (Password Analysis and Cracking Kit)
- https://github.com/iphelix/pack/blob/master/README
- Can produce custom hcmask files to use with hashcat, based on statistics and rules applied on an input dataset
- Use Deep Learning