NetExec/nxc/protocols/ssh.py

311 lines
14 KiB
Python

import paramiko
import re
import uuid
import logging
import time
from io import StringIO
from nxc.config import process_secret
from nxc.connection import connection, highlight
from nxc.logger import NXCAdapter
from paramiko.ssh_exception import (
AuthenticationException,
NoValidConnectionsError,
SSHException,
)
class ssh(connection):
def __init__(self, args, db, host):
self.protocol = "SSH"
self.remote_version = "Unknown SSH Version"
self.server_os_platform = "Linux"
self.user_principal = "root"
super().__init__(args, db, host)
def proto_flow(self):
self.logger.debug("Kicking off proto_flow")
self.proto_logger()
if self.create_conn_obj():
self.enum_host_info()
self.print_host_info()
if self.remote_version == "Unknown SSH Version":
self.conn.close()
return
if self.login():
if hasattr(self.args, "module") and self.args.module:
self.call_modules()
else:
self.call_cmd_args()
self.conn.close()
def proto_logger(self):
logging.getLogger("paramiko").disabled = True
logging.getLogger("paramiko.transport").disabled = True
self.logger = NXCAdapter(
extra={
"protocol": "SSH",
"host": self.host,
"port": self.port,
"hostname": self.hostname,
}
)
def print_host_info(self):
self.logger.display(self.remote_version if self.remote_version != "Unknown SSH Version" else f"{self.remote_version}, skipping...")
return True
def enum_host_info(self):
if self.conn._transport.remote_version:
self.remote_version = self.conn._transport.remote_version
self.logger.debug(f"Remote version: {self.remote_version}")
self.db.add_host(self.host, self.port, self.remote_version)
def create_conn_obj(self):
self.conn = paramiko.SSHClient()
self.conn.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
try:
self.conn.connect(self.host, port=self.port, timeout=self.args.ssh_timeout, look_for_keys=False, allow_agent=False)
except AuthenticationException:
return True
except SSHException:
return True
except NoValidConnectionsError:
return False
except OSError:
return False
def check_if_admin(self):
self.admin_privs = False
if self.args.sudo_check:
self.check_if_admin_sudo()
return
# we could add in another method to check by piping in the password to sudo
# but that might be too much of an opsec concern - maybe add in a flag to do more checks?
self.logger.info("Determined user is root via `id; sudo -ln` command")
_, stdout, _ = self.conn.exec_command("id; sudo -ln 2>&1")
stdout = stdout.read().decode(self.args.codec, errors="ignore")
admin_flag = {
"(root)": [True, None],
"NOPASSWD: ALL": [True, None],
"(ALL : ALL) ALL": [True, None],
"(sudo)": [False, f"Current user: '{self.username}' was in 'sudo' group, please try '--sudo-check' to check if user can run sudo shell"]
}
for keyword in admin_flag:
match = re.findall(re.escape(keyword), stdout)
if match:
self.logger.info(f"User: '{self.username}' matched keyword: {match[0]}")
self.admin_privs = admin_flag[match[0]][0]
if not self.admin_privs:
tips = admin_flag[match[0]][1]
else:
break
if not self.admin_privs and "tips" in locals():
self.logger.display(tips)
return
def check_if_admin_sudo(self):
if not self.password:
self.logger.error("Check admin with sudo does not support using a private key")
return
if self.args.sudo_check_method:
method = self.args.sudo_check_method
self.logger.info(f"Doing sudo check with method: {method}")
if method == "sudo-stdin":
_, stdout, _ = self.conn.exec_command("sudo --help")
stdout = stdout.read().decode(self.args.codec, errors="ignore")
# Read sudo help docs and find "stdin"
if "stdin" in stdout:
shadow_backup = f"/tmp/{uuid.uuid4()}"
# sudo support stdin password
self.conn.exec_command(f"echo {self.password} | sudo -S cp /etc/shadow {shadow_backup} >/dev/null 2>&1 &")
self.conn.exec_command(f"echo {self.password} | sudo -S chmod 777 {shadow_backup} >/dev/null 2>&1 &")
tries = 1
while True:
self.logger.info(f"Checking {shadow_backup} if it existed")
_, _, stderr = self.conn.exec_command(f"ls {shadow_backup}")
if tries >= self.args.get_output_tries:
self.logger.info(f"The file {shadow_backup} does not exist, the pipe may be hanging. Increase the number of tries with the option '--get-output-tries' or change other method with '--sudo-check-method'. If it's still failing, maybe sudo shell does not work with the current user")
break
if stderr.read().decode("utf-8"):
time.sleep(2)
tries += 1
else:
self.logger.info(f"{shadow_backup} existed")
self.admin_privs = True
break
self.logger.info(f"Remove up temporary files {shadow_backup}")
self.conn.exec_command(f"echo {self.password} | sudo -S rm -rf {shadow_backup}")
else:
self.logger.error("Command: 'sudo' not support stdin mode, running command with 'sudo' failed")
return
else:
_, stdout, _ = self.conn.exec_command("mkfifo --help")
stdout = stdout.read().decode(self.args.codec, errors="ignore")
# check if user can execute mkfifo
if "Create named pipes" in stdout:
self.logger.info("Command: 'mkfifo' available")
pipe_stdin = f"/tmp/systemd-{uuid.uuid4()}"
pipe_stdout = f"/tmp/systemd-{uuid.uuid4()}"
shadow_backup = f"/tmp/{uuid.uuid4()}"
self.conn.exec_command(f"mkfifo {pipe_stdin}; tail -f {pipe_stdin} | /bin/sh 2>&1 > {pipe_stdout} >/dev/null 2>&1 &")
# 'script -qc /bin/sh /dev/null' means "upgrade" the shell, like reverse shell from netcat
self.conn.exec_command(f"echo 'script -qc /bin/sh /dev/null' > {pipe_stdin}")
self.conn.exec_command(f"echo 'sudo -s' > {pipe_stdin} && echo '{self.password}' > {pipe_stdin}")
# Sometime the pipe will hanging(only happen with paramiko)
# Can't get "whoami" or "id" result in pipe_stdout, maybe something wrong using pipe with paramiko
# But one thing I can confirm, is the command was executed even can't get result from pipe_stdout
tries = 1
self.logger.info(f"Copy /etc/shadow to {shadow_backup} if pass the sudo auth")
while True:
self.logger.info(f"Checking {shadow_backup} if it existed")
_, _, stderr = self.conn.exec_command(f"ls {shadow_backup}")
if tries >= self.args.get_output_tries:
self.logger.info(f"The file {shadow_backup} does not exist, the pipe may be hanging. Increase the number of tries with the option '--get-output-tries' or change other method with '--sudo-check-method'. If it's still failing, maybe sudo shell does not work with the current user")
break
if stderr.read().decode("utf-8"):
time.sleep(2)
self.conn.exec_command(f"echo 'cp /etc/shadow {shadow_backup} && chmod 777 {shadow_backup}' > {pipe_stdin}")
tries += 1
else:
self.logger.info(f"{shadow_backup} existed")
self.admin_privs = True
break
self.logger.info(f"Remove up temporary files {shadow_backup} {pipe_stdin} {pipe_stdout}")
self.conn.exec_command(f"echo 'rm -rf {shadow_backup}' > {pipe_stdin} && rm -rf {pipe_stdin} {pipe_stdout}")
else:
self.logger.error("Command: 'mkfifo' unavailable, running command with 'sudo' failed")
return
def plaintext_login(self, username, password, private_key=None):
self.username = username
self.password = password
private_key = ""
stdout = None
try:
if self.args.key_file or private_key:
self.logger.debug("Logging in with key")
if self.args.key_file:
with open(self.args.key_file) as f:
private_key = f.read()
pkey = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key(StringIO(private_key))
self.conn.connect(
self.host,
port=self.port,
username=username,
passphrase=password if password != "" else None,
pkey=pkey,
look_for_keys=False,
allow_agent=False,
)
cred_id = self.db.add_credential(
"key",
username,
password if password != "" else "",
key=private_key,
)
else:
self.logger.debug(f"Logging {self.host} with username: {self.username}, password: {self.password}")
self.conn.connect(
self.host,
port=self.port,
username=username,
password=password,
look_for_keys=False,
allow_agent=False,
)
cred_id = self.db.add_credential("plaintext", username, password)
# Some IOT devices will not raise exception in self.conn._transport.auth_password / self.conn._transport.auth_publickey
_, stdout, _ = self.conn.exec_command("id")
stdout = stdout.read().decode(self.args.codec, errors="ignore")
except Exception as e:
if self.args.key_file:
password = f"{process_secret(password)} (keyfile: {self.args.key_file})"
if "OpenSSH private key file checkints do not match" in str(e):
self.logger.fail(f"{username}:{password} - Could not decrypt key file, wrong password")
else:
self.logger.fail(f"{username}:{password} {e}")
self.conn.close()
return False
else:
shell_access = False
host_id = self.db.get_hosts(self.host)[0].id
if not stdout:
_, stdout, _ = self.conn.exec_command("whoami /priv")
stdout = stdout.read().decode(self.args.codec, errors="ignore")
self.server_os_platform = "Windows"
self.user_principal = "admin"
if "SeDebugPrivilege" in stdout:
self.admin_privs = True
elif "SeUndockPrivilege" in stdout:
self.admin_privs = True
self.user_principal = "admin (UAC)"
else:
# non admin (low priv)
self.user_principal = "admin (low priv)"
if not stdout:
self.logger.debug(f"User: {self.username} can't get a basic shell")
self.server_os_platform = "Network Devices"
shell_access = False
else:
shell_access = True
self.db.add_loggedin_relation(cred_id, host_id, shell=shell_access)
if shell_access and self.server_os_platform == "Linux":
self.check_if_admin()
if self.admin_privs:
self.logger.debug(f"User {username} logged in successfully and is root!")
if self.args.key_file:
self.db.add_admin_user("key", username, password, host_id=host_id, cred_id=cred_id)
else:
self.db.add_admin_user(
"plaintext",
username,
password,
host_id=host_id,
cred_id=cred_id,
)
if self.args.key_file:
password = f"{process_secret(password)} (keyfile: {self.args.key_file})"
display_shell_access = "{} {} {}".format(
f"({self.user_principal})" if self.admin_privs else f"(non {self.user_principal})",
self.server_os_platform,
"- Shell access!" if shell_access else ""
)
self.logger.success(f"{username}:{password} {self.mark_pwned()} {highlight(display_shell_access)}")
return True
def execute(self, payload=None, get_output=False):
if not payload and self.args.execute:
payload = self.args.execute
if not self.args.no_output:
get_output = True
try:
_, stdout, _ = self.conn.exec_command(f"{payload} 2>&1")
stdout = stdout.read().decode(self.args.codec, errors="ignore")
except Exception as e:
self.logger.fail(f"Execute command failed, error: {e!s}")
return False
else:
self.logger.success("Executed command")
if get_output:
for line in stdout.split("\n"):
self.logger.highlight(line.strip("\n"))
return stdout