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InternalAllTheThings/docs/databases/mssql-enumeration.md

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MSSQL - Database Enumeration

Summary

Tools

  • NetSPI/PowerUpSQL - A PowerShell Toolkit for Attacking SQL Server
  • skahwah/SQLRecon - A C# MS SQL toolkit designed for offensive reconnaissance and post-exploitation.

Identify Instances and Databases

Discover Local SQL Server Instances

Get-SQLInstanceLocal

Discover Domain SQL Server Instances

Get-SQLInstanceDomain -Verbose
# Get Server Info for Found Instances
Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLServerInfo -Verbose
# Get Database Names
Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLDatabase -NoDefaults

Discover Remote SQL Server Instances

Get-SQLInstanceBroadcast -Verbose
Get-SQLInstanceScanUDPThreaded -Verbose -ComputerName SQLServer1

Identify Encrypted databases

Note: These are automatically decrypted for admins

Get-SQLDatabase -Username sa -Password Password1234 -Instance "<DBSERVERNAME\DBInstance>" -Verbose | Where-Object {$_.is_encrypted -eq "True"}

Version Query

Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-Query "select @@version"

Identify Users and Roles

  • Query Current User & determine if the user is a sysadmin

    select suser_sname()
Select system_user
select is_srvrolemember('sysadmin')

  • Current Role

    select user

  • All Logins on Server

    Select * from sys.server_principals where type_desc != 'SERVER_ROLE'

  • All Database Users for a Database

    Select * from sys.database_principals where type_desc != 'database_role';

  • List All Sysadmins

    SELECT name,type_desc,is_disabled FROM sys.server_principals WHERE IS_SRVROLEMEMBER ('sysadmin',name) = 1

  • List All Database Roles

    SELECT DB1.name AS DatabaseRoleName,
isnull (DB2.name, 'No members') AS DatabaseUserName
FROM sys.database_role_members AS DRM
RIGHT OUTER JOIN sys.database_principals AS DB1
ON DRM.role_principal_id = DB1.principal_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.database_principals AS DB2
ON DRM.member_principal_id = DB2.principal_id
WHERE DB1.type = 'R'
ORDER BY DB1.name;

Identify Sensitive Information

Get Tables from a Specific Database

Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLTable -DatabaseName <DBNameFromGet-SQLDatabaseCommand> -NoDefaults
Get Column Details from a Table
Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLColumn -DatabaseName <DBName> -TableName <TableName>

  • Current database

    select db_name()

  • List all tables

    select table_name from information_schema.tables

  • List all databases

    select name from master..sysdatabases

Gather 5 Entries from Each Column

Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLColumnSampleData -Keywords "<columnname1,columnname2,columnname3,columnname4,columnname5>" -Verbose -SampleSize 5

Gather 5 Entries from a Specific Table

Get-SQLQuery -Instance "<DBSERVERNAME\DBInstance>" -Query 'select TOP 5 * from <DatabaseName>.dbo.<TableName>'

Dump common information from server to files

Invoke-SQLDumpInfo -Verbose -Instance SQLSERVER1\Instance1 -csv

ee

References