Access Token and API
Swissky
parent
2503399984
commit
880d6a108c
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@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
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* [Enumeration](#enumeration)
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* [Enumeration methodology](#enumeration-methodology)
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* [Token from Managed Identity](#token-from-managed-identity)
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* [Azure API via Powershell](#azure-api-via-powershell)
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* [Azure API via Python Version](#azure-api-via-python-version)
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* [Refresh Tokens](#refresh-token)
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* [Stealing Tokens](#stealing-tokens)
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* [Stealing tokens from az cli](#stealing-tokens-from-az-cli)
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@ -177,64 +175,6 @@
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## Token from Managed Identity
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### Azure API via Powershell
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Get **access_token** from **IDENTITY_HEADER** and **IDENTITY_ENDPOINT**: `system('curl "$IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?resource=https://management.azure.com/&api-version=2017-09-01" -H secret:$IDENTITY_HEADER');`.
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Then query the Azure REST API to get the **subscription ID** and more .
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```powershell
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$Token = 'eyJ0eX..'
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$URI = 'https://management.azure.com/subscriptions?api-version=2020-01-01'
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# $URI = 'https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/applications'
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$RequestParams = @{
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Method = 'GET'
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Uri = $URI
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Headers = @{
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'Authorization' = "Bearer $Token"
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}
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}
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(Invoke-RestMethod @RequestParams).value
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# List resources and check for runCommand privileges
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$URI = 'https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/b413826f-108d-4049-8c11-d52d5d388768/resources?api-version=2020-10-01'
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$URI = 'https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/b413826f-108d-4049-8c11-d52d5d388768/resourceGroups/<RG-NAME>/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/<RESOURCE/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/permissions?apiversion=2015-07-01'
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```
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### Azure API via Python Version
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```py
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IDENTITY_ENDPOINT = os.environ['IDENTITY_ENDPOINT']
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IDENTITY_HEADER = os.environ['IDENTITY_HEADER']
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print("[+] Management API")
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cmd = 'curl "%s?resource=https://management.azure.com/&api-version=2017-09-01" -H secret:%s' % (IDENTITY_ENDPOINT, IDENTITY_HEADER)
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val = os.popen(cmd).read()
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print("Access Token: "+json.loads(val)["access_token"])
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print("ClientID/AccountID: "+json.loads(val)["client_id"])
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print("\r\n[+] Graph API")
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cmd = 'curl "%s?resource=https://graph.microsoft.com/&api-version=2017-09-01" -H secret:%s' % (IDENTITY_ENDPOINT, IDENTITY_HEADER)
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val = os.popen(cmd).read()
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print(json.loads(val)["access_token"])
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print("ClientID/AccountID: "+json.loads(val)["client_id"])
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```
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or inside a Python Function:
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```py
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import logging, os
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import azure.functions as func
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def main(req: func.HttpRequest) -> func.HttpResponse:
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logging.info('Python HTTP trigger function processed a request.')
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IDENTITY_ENDPOINT = os.environ['IDENTITY_ENDPOINT']
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IDENTITY_HEADER = os.environ['IDENTITY_HEADER']
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cmd = 'curl "%s?resource=https://management.azure.com&apiversion=2017-09-01" -H secret:%s' % (IDENTITY_ENDPOINT, IDENTITY_HEADER)
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val = os.popen(cmd).read()
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return func.HttpResponse(val, status_code=200)
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```
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### Refresh Tokens
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* https://github.com/ConstantinT/Lantern
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@ -2,8 +2,19 @@
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## Connection
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When you authenticate to the Microsoft Graph API in PowerShell/CLI, you will be using an application from a Microsoft's tenant.
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* [Microsoft Applications ID](https://learn.microsoft.com/fr-fr/troubleshoot/azure/active-directory/verify-first-party-apps-sign-in)
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| Name | Application ID |
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|----------------------------|--------------------------------------|
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| Microsoft Azure PowerShell | 1950a258-227b-4e31-a9cf-717495945fc2 |
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| Microsoft Azure CLI | 04b07795-8ddb-461a-bbee-02f9e1bf7b46 |
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| Portail Azure | c44b4083-3bb0-49c1-b47d-974e53cbdf3c |
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After a successfull authentication, you will get an access token.
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### az cli
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* Login with credentials
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@ -54,7 +65,15 @@ Whoami equivalent: `az ad signed-in-user show`
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### Microsoft Graph Powershell
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* Login with credentials
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* Login with credentials
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```ps1
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Connect-MgGraph
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Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "User.Read.All", "Group.ReadWrite.All"
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```
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* Login with device code flow
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```ps1
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Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "User.Read.All", "Group.ReadWrite.All" -UseDeviceAuthentication
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```
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Whoami equivalent: `Get-MgContext`
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@ -64,31 +83,41 @@ Whoami equivalent: `Get-MgContext`
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* Login with credentials
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```ps1
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```
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* Login with device code flow
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```ps1
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# paste this in a PowerShell console
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$body = @{
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"client_id" = "1950a258-227b-4e31-a9cf-717495945fc2"!
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"resource" = "https://graph.microsoft.com"
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}
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$UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
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$Headers=@{}
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$Headers["User-Agent"] = $UserAgent
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$authResponse = Invoke-RestMethod `
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-UseBasicParsing `
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-Method Post `
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-Uri "https://login.microsoftonline.com/common/oauth2/devicecode?api-version=1.0" `
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-Headers $Headers `
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-Body $body
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$authResponse
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# then browse to https://microsoft.com/devicelogin and use the device_code
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# finally execute this command to ask for tokens
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$body=@{
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"client_id" = "1950a258-227b-4e31-a9cf-717495945fc2"
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"grant_type" = "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:device_code"
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"code" = $authResponse.device_code
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}
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$Tokens = Invoke-RestMethod `
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-UseBasicParsing `
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-Method Post `
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-Uri "https://login.microsoftonline.com/Common/oauth2/token?api-version=1.0" `
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-Headers $Headers `
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-Body $body
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$Tokens
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```
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### Internal HTTP API
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> **MSI_ENDPOINT** is an alias for **IDENTITY_ENDPOINT**, and **MSI_SECRET** is an alias for **IDENTITY_HEADER**.
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Find `IDENTITY_HEADER` and `IDENTITY_ENDPOINT` from the environment : `env`
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Most of the time, you want a token for one of these resources:
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* https://storage.azure.com
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* https://vault.azure.net
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* https://graph.microsoft.com
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* https://management.azure.com
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```ps1
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curl "$IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?resource=https://management.azure.com&api-version=2017-09-01" -H secret:$IDENTITY_HEADER
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curl "$IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?resource=https://vault.azure.net&api-version=2017-09-01" -H secret:$IDENTITY_HEADER
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```
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## Access Token
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Decode access tokens: [jwt.ms](https://jwt.ms/)
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* Request an access token using a service principal password
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* Request an access token using a **service principal password**
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```ps1
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curl --location --request POST 'https://login.microsoftonline.com/<tenant-name>/oauth2/v2.0/token' \
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--header 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' \
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@ -97,26 +126,77 @@ Decode access tokens: [jwt.ms](https://jwt.ms/)
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--data-urlencode 'client_secret=<client-secret>' \
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--data-urlencode 'grant_type=client_credentials'
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```
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* Use the access token with MgGraph
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### Internal HTTP API
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> **MSI_ENDPOINT** is an alias for **IDENTITY_ENDPOINT**, and **MSI_SECRET** is an alias for **IDENTITY_HEADER**.
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Find `IDENTITY_HEADER` and `IDENTITY_ENDPOINT` from the environment variables: `env`
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Most of the time, you want a token for one of these resources:
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* https://graph.microsoft.com
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* https://management.azure.com
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* https://storage.azure.com
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* https://vault.azure.net
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* PowerShell
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```ps1
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curl "$IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?resource=https://management.azure.com&api-version=2017-09-01" -H secret:$IDENTITY_HEADER
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curl "$IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?resource=https://vault.azure.net&api-version=2017-09-01" -H secret:$IDENTITY_HEADER
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```
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* Azure Function (Python)
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```py
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import logging, os
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import azure.functions as func
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def main(req: func.HttpRequest) -> func.HttpResponse:
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logging.info('Python HTTP trigger function processed a request.')
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IDENTITY_ENDPOINT = os.environ['IDENTITY_ENDPOINT']
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IDENTITY_HEADER = os.environ['IDENTITY_HEADER']
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cmd = 'curl "%s?resource=https://management.azure.com&apiversion=2017-09-01" -H secret:%s' % (IDENTITY_ENDPOINT, IDENTITY_HEADER)
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val = os.popen(cmd).read()
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return func.HttpResponse(val, status_code=200)
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```
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## Access Token
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An access token is a type of security token issued by Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) that grants a user or application permission to access resources. These resources could be anything from APIs, web applications, data stored in Azure, or other services that are integrated with Azure AD for authentication and authorization.
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Decode access tokens: [jwt.ms](https://jwt.ms/)
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* Use the access token with **MgGraph**
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```ps1
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# use the jwt
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$token = "eyJ0eXAiO..."
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$secure = $token | ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force
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Connect-MgGraph -AccessToken $secure
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# whoami
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Get-MgContext
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Disconnect-MgGraph
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```
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* Use the access token with AzureAD
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* Use the access token with **AzureAD**
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```powershell
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Connect-AzureAD -AadAccessToken <access-token> -TenantId <tenant-id> -AccountId <account-id>
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```
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* Use the access token with Az Powershell
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* Use the access token with **Az Powershell**
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```powershell
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Connect-AzAccount -AccessToken <access-token> -AccountId <account-id>
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Connect-AzAccount -AccessToken <access-token> -GraphAccessToken <graph-access-token> -AccountId <account-id>
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```
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* Use the access token with the **API**
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```powershell
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$Token = 'eyJ0eX..'
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$URI = 'https://management.azure.com/subscriptions?api-version=2020-01-01'
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# $URI = 'https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/applications'
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$RequestParams = @{
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Method = 'GET'
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Uri = $URI
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Headers = @{
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'Authorization' = "Bearer $Token"
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}
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}
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(Invoke-RestMethod @RequestParams).value
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```
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## Refresh Token
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@ -125,7 +205,6 @@ Decode access tokens: [jwt.ms](https://jwt.ms/)
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```ps1
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TODO
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```
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*
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### Get a Refresh Token from ESTSAuth Cookie
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* Request a PRT with MFA claim: `roadtx prt -r <refreshtoken> -c <device>.pem -k <device>.key`
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## Authenticate to the Microsoft Graph API in PowerShell
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* [Microsoft Applications ID](https://learn.microsoft.com/fr-fr/troubleshoot/azure/active-directory/verify-first-party-apps-sign-in)
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| Name | GUID |
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|----------------------------|--------------------------------------|
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| Microsoft Azure PowerShell | 1950a258-227b-4e31-a9cf-717495945fc2 |
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| Microsoft Azure CLI | 04b07795-8ddb-461a-bbee-02f9e1bf7b46 |
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| Portail Azure | c44b4083-3bb0-49c1-b47d-974e53cbdf3c |
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### Graph API Refresh Token
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Authenticating to the Microsoft Graph API in PowerShell
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```ps1
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$body = @{
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"client_id" = "1950a258-227b-4e31-a9cf-717495945fc2"
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"resource" = "https://graph.microsoft.com" # Microsoft Graph API
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}
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$UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
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$Headers=@{}
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$Headers["User-Agent"] = $UserAgent
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$authResponse = Invoke-RestMethod `
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-UseBasicParsing `
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-Method Post `
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-Uri "https://login.microsoftonline.com/common/oauth2/devicecode?api-version=1.0" `
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-Headers $Headers `
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-Body $body
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$authResponse
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```
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### Graph API Access Token
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This request require getting the Refresh Token.
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```ps1
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$body=@{
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"client_id" = "1950a258-227b-4e31-a9cf-717495945fc2"
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"grant_type" = "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:device_code"
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"code" = $authResponse.device_code
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}
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$Tokens = Invoke-RestMethod `
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-UseBasicParsing `
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-Method Post `
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-Uri "https://login.microsoftonline.com/Common/oauth2/token?api-version=1.0" `
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-Headers $Headers `
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-Body $body
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$Tokens
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```
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## References
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* [Hacking Your Cloud: Tokens Edition 2.0 - Edwin David - April 13, 2023](https://trustedsec.com/blog/hacking-your-cloud-tokens-edition-2-0)
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# Microsoft Entra Connect
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# Azure AD Connect
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Check if Azure AD Connect is installed : `Get-ADSyncConnector`
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