607 lines
15 KiB
Ruby
607 lines
15 KiB
Ruby
require 'msf/core'
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module Msf
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###
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#
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# This class is used to track the state of a single encoding operation
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# from start to finish.
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#
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###
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class EncoderState
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#
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# Initializes a new encoder state, optionally with a key.
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#
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def initialize(key = nil)
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reset(key)
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end
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#
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# Reset the encoder state by initializing the encoded buffer to an empty
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# string.
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#
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def reset(key = nil)
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init_key(key)
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self.encoded = ''
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end
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#
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# Set the initial encoding key.
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#
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def init_key(key)
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self.key = key
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self.orig_key = key
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end
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#
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# Set the raw buffer and the original buffer if one has not been set.
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#
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def buf=(buf)
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@orig_buf = buf if (@orig_buf == nil or @buf == nil)
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@buf = buf
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end
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attr_accessor :key # :nodoc:
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attr_accessor :orig_key # :nodoc:
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attr_reader :buf # :nodoc:
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attr_reader :orig_buf # :nodoc:
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attr_accessor :encoded # :nodoc:
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attr_accessor :context # :nodoc:
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attr_accessor :badchars # :nodoc:
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# A boolean that indicates whether context encoding is enabled
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attr_accessor :context_encoding
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# The address that contains they key on the target machine
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attr_accessor :context_address
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# Decoder settings
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attr_accessor :decoder_key_offset, :decoder_key_size, :decoder_key_pack # :nodoc:
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attr_accessor :decoder_stub # :nodoc:
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end
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###
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#
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# This class is the base class that all encoders inherit from.
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#
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###
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class Encoder < Module
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#
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# The type set that encoders can fall within. This classifies the type of
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# output generated by the encoder in terms of the general character set
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# that is used as well as other potential attributes.
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#
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module Type
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#
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# 'A' - 'Z', '0' - '9'
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#
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AlphanumUpper = "alpha_upper"
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#
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# 'a' - 'z', 'A' - 'Z', '0' - '9'
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#
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AlphanumMixed = "alpha_mixed"
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#
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# Unicode-safe 'A' - 'Z', '0' - '9'
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#
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AlphanumUnicodeUpper = "alpha_unicode_upper"
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#
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# Unicode-safe 'a' - 'z', 'A' - 'Z', '0' - '9'
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#
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AlphanumUnicodeMixed = "alpha_unicode_mixed"
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#
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# toupper/tolower safe ascii - not 'a' - 'z', 'A' - 'Z'
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#
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NonAlpha = "non_alpha"
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#
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# tolower safe ascii - not 'A' - 'Z' (more flexable than nonalpha)
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#
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NonUpper = "non_upper"
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#
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# tolower safe ascii UTF8-safe (<= 0x7f only)
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#
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NonUpperUtf8Safe = "non_upper_utf8_safe"
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#
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# May result in the generation of any characters
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#
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Unspecified = "unspecified"
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#
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# The raw payload passed to the encoder will be the same as the encoded
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# payload
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#
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Raw = "raw"
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end
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#
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# Initializes an encoder module instance using the supplied information
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# hash.
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#
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def initialize(info)
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super({
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'Platform' => '' # All platforms by default
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}.update(info))
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end
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##
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#
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# Encoder information accessors that can be overriden
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# by derived classes
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#
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##
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#
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# Returns MODULE_ENCODER to indicate that this is an encoder module.
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#
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def self.type
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return MODULE_ENCODER
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end
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#
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# Returns MODULE_ENCODER to indicate that this is an encoder module.
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#
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def type
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return MODULE_ENCODER
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end
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#
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# Returns the type or types of encoders that this specific module
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# classifies as. If there is more than one type, the values should be
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# separated by whitespace.
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#
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def encoder_type
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module_info['EncoderType'] || Type::Unspecified
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end
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#
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# Returns the decoder stub to use based on the supplied state.
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#
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def decoder_stub(state)
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return decoder_hash['Stub'] || ''
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end
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#
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# Returns the offset to the key associated with the decoder stub.
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#
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def decoder_key_offset
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return decoder_hash['KeyOffset']
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end
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#
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# Returns the size of the key, in bytes.
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#
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def decoder_key_size
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return decoder_hash['KeySize']
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end
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#
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# Returns the size of each logical encoding block, in bytes. This
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# is typically the same as decoder_key_size.
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#
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def decoder_block_size
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return decoder_hash['BlockSize']
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end
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#
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# Returns the byte-packing character that should be used to encode
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# the key.
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#
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def decoder_key_pack
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return decoder_hash['KeyPack'] || 'V'
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end
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#
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# Returns the module's decoder hash or an empty hash.
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#
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def decoder_hash
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module_info['Decoder'] || {}
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end
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##
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#
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# Encoding
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#
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##
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#
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# This method generates an encoded version of the supplied buffer in buf
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# using the bad characters as guides. On success, an encoded and
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# functional version of the supplied buffer will be returned. Otherwise,
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# an exception will be thrown if an error is encountered during the
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# encoding process.
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#
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def encode(buf, badchars = nil, state = nil)
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# Initialize an empty set of bad characters
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badchars = '' if (!badchars)
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# Initialize the encoding state and key as necessary
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if (state == nil)
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state = EncoderState.new
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end
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# Prepend data to the buffer as necessary
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buf = prepend_buf + buf
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init_state(state)
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# Save the buffer in the encoding state
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state.badchars = badchars || ''
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state.buf = buf
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# If this encoder is key-based and we don't already have a key, find one
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if ((decoder_key_size) and
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(state.key == nil))
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# Find a key that doesn't contain and wont generate any bad
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# characters
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state.init_key(obtain_key(buf, badchars, state))
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if (state.key == nil)
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raise NoKeyError, "A key could not be found for the #{self.name} encoder.", caller
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end
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end
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# Reset the encoded buffer at this point since it may have been changed
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# while finding a key.
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state.encoded = ''
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# Call encode_begin to do any encoder specific pre-processing
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encode_begin(state)
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# Perform the actual encoding operation with the determined state
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do_encode(state)
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# Call encoded_end to do any encoder specific post-processing
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encode_end(state)
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# Return the encoded buffer to the caller
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return state.encoded
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end
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#
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# Performs the actual encoding operation after the encoder state has been
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# initialized and is ready to go.
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#
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def do_encode(state)
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# Copy the decoder stub since we may need to modify it
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stub = decoder_stub(state).dup
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if (state.key != nil and state.decoder_key_offset)
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# Substitute the decoder key in the copy of the decoder stub with the
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# one that we found
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real_key = state.key
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# If we're using context encoding, the actual value we use for
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# substitution is the context address, not the key we use for
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# encoding
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real_key = state.context_address if (state.context_encoding)
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stub[state.decoder_key_offset,state.decoder_key_size] = [ real_key.to_i ].pack(state.decoder_key_pack)
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else
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stub = encode_finalize_stub(state, stub)
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end
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# Walk the buffer encoding each block along the way
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offset = 0
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if (decoder_block_size)
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while (offset < state.buf.length)
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block = state.buf[offset, decoder_block_size]
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state.encoded += encode_block(state,
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block + ("\x00" * (decoder_block_size - block.length)))
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offset += decoder_block_size
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end
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else
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state.encoded = encode_block(state, state.buf)
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end
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# Prefix the decoder stub to the encoded buffer
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state.encoded = stub + state.encoded
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# Last but not least, do one last badchar pass to see if the stub +
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# encoded payload leads to any bad char issues...
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if ((badchar_idx = has_badchars?(state.encoded, state.badchars)) != nil)
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raise BadcharError.new(state.encoded, badchar_idx, stub.length, state.encoded[badchar_idx]),
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"The #{self.name} encoder failed to encode without bad characters.",
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caller
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end
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return true
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end
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##
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#
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# Buffer management
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#
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##
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#
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# Returns a string that should be prepended to the encoded version of the
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# buffer before returning it to callers.
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#
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def prepend_buf
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return ''
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end
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##
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#
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# Pre-processing, post-processing, and block encoding stubs
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#
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##
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#
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# Called when encoding is about to start immediately after the encoding
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# state has been initialized.
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#
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def encode_begin(state)
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return nil
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end
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#
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# This callback allows a derived class to finalize a stub after a key have
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# been selected. The finalized stub should be returned.
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#
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def encode_finalize_stub(state, stub)
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stub
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end
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#
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# Called after encoding has completed.
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#
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def encode_end(state)
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return nil
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end
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#
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# Called once for each block being encoded based on the attributes of the
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# decoder.
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#
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def encode_block(state, block)
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return block
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end
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#
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# Provides the encoder with an opportunity to return the native format (as
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# in the format the code will be in when it executes on the target). In
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# general, the same buffer is returned to the caller. However, for things
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# like unicode, the buffer is unicod encoded and then returned.
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#
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def to_native(buf)
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buf
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end
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protected
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#
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# Initializes the encoding state supplied as an argument to the attributes
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# that have been defined for this decoder stub, such as key offset, size,
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# and pack.
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#
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def init_state(state)
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# Update the state with default decoder information
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state.decoder_key_offset = decoder_key_offset
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state.decoder_key_size = decoder_key_size
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state.decoder_key_pack = decoder_key_pack
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state.decoder_stub = nil
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# Restore the original buffer in case it was modified.
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state.buf = state.orig_buf
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end
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#
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# Obtains the key to use during encoding. If context encoding is enabled,
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# special steps are taken. Otherwise, the derived class is given an
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# opportunity to find the key.
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#
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def obtain_key(buf, badchars, state)
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if datastore['EnableContextEncoding']
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return find_context_key(buf, badchars, state)
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else
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return find_key(buf, badchars, state)
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end
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end
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#
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# This method finds a compatible key for the supplied buffer based also on
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# the supplied bad characters list. This is meant to make encoders more
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# reliable and less prone to bad character failure by doing a fairly
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# complete key search before giving up on an encoder.
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#
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def find_key(buf, badchars, state)
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# Otherwise, we use the traditional method
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key_bytes = [ ]
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cur_key = [ ]
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bad_keys = find_bad_keys(buf, badchars)
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found = false
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allset = [*(0..255)]
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# Keep chugging until we find something...right
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while (!found)
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# Scan each byte position
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0.upto(decoder_key_size - 1) { |index|
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# Subtract the bad and leave the good
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good_keys = allset-bad_keys[index].keys
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# Was there anything left for this index?
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if (good_keys.length == 0)
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# Not much we can do about this :(
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return nil
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end
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# Set the appropriate key byte
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key_bytes[index] = good_keys[ rand(good_keys.length) ]
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}
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# Assume that we're going to rock this shit...
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found = true
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# Scan each byte and see what we've got going on to make sure
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# no funny business is happening
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key_bytes.each { |byte|
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if (badchars.index(byte) != nil)
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found = false
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end
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}
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found = find_key_verify(buf, key_bytes, badchars) if found
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end
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# Do we have all the key bytes accounted for?
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if (key_bytes.length != decoder_key_size)
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return nil
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end
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return key_bytes_to_integer(key_bytes)
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end
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#
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# Parses a context information file in an effort to find a compatible key
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#
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def find_context_key(buf, badchars, state)
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# Make sure our context information file is sane
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if File.exists?(datastore['ContextInformationFile']) == false
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raise NoKeyError, "A context information file must specified when using context encoding", caller
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end
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# Holds the address and key that we ultimately find
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address = nil
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key = nil
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# Now, parse records from the information file searching for entries
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# that are compatible with our bad character set
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File.open(datastore['ContextInformationFile']) { |f|
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begin
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# Keep looping until we hit an EOF error or we find
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# a compatible key
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while key.nil?
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# Read in the header
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type, chunk_base_address, size = f.read(9).unpack('CNN')
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offset = 0
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# Read in the blob of data that will act as our key state
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data = f.read(size)
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# If the address doesn't contain bad characters, check to see
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# the data itself will result in bad characters being generated
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while data.length > decoder_key_size
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# Extract the current set of key bytes
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key_bytes = []
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# My ruby is rusty
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data[0, decoder_key_size].each_byte { |b|
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key_bytes << b
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}
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# If the key verifies correctly, we need to check it's address
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if find_key_verify(buf, key_bytes, badchars)
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address = chunk_base_address + offset
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# Pack it to byte form so that we can check each byte for
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# bad characters
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address_bytes = integer_to_key_bytes(address)
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# Scan each byte and see what we've got going on to make sure
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# no funny business is happening with the address
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invalid_key = false
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address_bytes.each { |byte|
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if badchars.index(byte)
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invalid_key = true
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end
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}
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if invalid_key == false
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key = key_bytes_to_integer(key_bytes)
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break
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end
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end
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# If it didn't verify, then we need to proceed
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data = data[1, data.length - 1]
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offset += 1
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end
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end
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rescue EOFError
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end
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}
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# If the key is nil after all is said and done, then we failed to locate
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# a compatible context-sensitive key
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if key.nil?
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raise NoKeyError, "No context key could be located in #{datastore['ContextInformationFile']}", caller
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# Otherwise, we successfully determined the key, now we need to update
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# the encoding state with our context address and set context encoding
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# to true so that the encoders know to use it
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else
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ilog("#{refname}: Successfully found context address @ #{"%.8x" % address} using key #{"%.8x" % key}")
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state.context_address = address
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state.context_encoding = true
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end
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return key
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end
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#
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# Returns the list of bad keys associated with this encoder.
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#
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def find_bad_keys(buf, badchars)
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return [ {}, {}, {}, {} ]
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end
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#
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# Returns the index of any bad characters found in the supplied buffer.
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#
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def has_badchars?(buf, badchars)
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badchars.each_byte { |badchar|
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idx = buf.index(badchar)
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if (idx != nil)
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return idx
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end
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}
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return nil
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end
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#
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# Convert individual key bytes into a single integer based on the
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# decoder's key size and packing requirements
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#
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def key_bytes_to_integer(key_bytes)
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return key_bytes_to_buffer(key_bytes).unpack(decoder_key_pack)[0]
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end
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#
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# Convert individual key bytes into a byte buffer
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#
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def key_bytes_to_buffer(key_bytes)
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return key_bytes.pack('C' + decoder_key_size.to_s)
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end
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#
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# Convert an integer into the individual key bytes based on the
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# decoder's key size and packing requirements
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#
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def integer_to_key_bytes(integer)
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return [ integer.to_i ].pack(decoder_key_pack).unpack('C' + decoder_key_size.to_s)
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end
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#
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# Determines if the key selected by find_key is usable
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#
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def find_key_verify(buf, key_bytes, badchars)
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true
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
require 'msf/core/encoder/xor'
|
|
require 'msf/core/encoder/xor_additive_feedback'
|
|
require 'msf/core/encoder/alphanum'
|
|
require 'msf/core/encoder/nonalpha'
|
|
require 'msf/core/encoder/nonupper' |