module ActiveRecord
  # Track unsaved attribute changes.
  #
  # A newly instantiated object is unchanged:
  #   person = Person.find_by_name('uncle bob')
  #   person.changed?       # => false
  #
  # Change the name:
  #   person.name = 'Bob'
  #   person.changed?       # => true
  #   person.name_changed?  # => true
  #   person.name_was       # => 'uncle bob'
  #   person.name_change    # => ['uncle bob', 'Bob']
  #   person.name = 'Bill'
  #   person.name_change    # => ['uncle bob', 'Bill']
  #
  # Save the changes:
  #   person.save
  #   person.changed?       # => false
  #   person.name_changed?  # => false
  #
  # Assigning the same value leaves the attribute unchanged:
  #   person.name = 'Bill'
  #   person.name_changed?  # => false
  #   person.name_change    # => nil
  #
  # Which attributes have changed?
  #   person.name = 'bob'
  #   person.changed        # => ['name']
  #   person.changes        # => { 'name' => ['Bill', 'bob'] }
  #
  # Before modifying an attribute in-place:
  #   person.name_will_change!
  #   person.name << 'by'
  #   person.name_change    # => ['uncle bob', 'uncle bobby']
  module Dirty
    DIRTY_SUFFIXES = ['_changed?', '_change', '_will_change!', '_was']

    def self.included(base)
      base.attribute_method_suffix *DIRTY_SUFFIXES
      base.alias_method_chain :write_attribute, :dirty
      base.alias_method_chain :save,            :dirty
      base.alias_method_chain :save!,           :dirty
      base.alias_method_chain :update,          :dirty
      base.alias_method_chain :reload,          :dirty

      base.superclass_delegating_accessor :partial_updates
      base.partial_updates = true

      base.send(:extend, ClassMethods)
    end

    # Do any attributes have unsaved changes?
    #   person.changed? # => false
    #   person.name = 'bob'
    #   person.changed? # => true
    def changed?
      !changed_attributes.empty?
    end

    # List of attributes with unsaved changes.
    #   person.changed # => []
    #   person.name = 'bob'
    #   person.changed # => ['name']
    def changed
      changed_attributes.keys
    end

    # Map of changed attrs => [original value, new value].
    #   person.changes # => {}
    #   person.name = 'bob'
    #   person.changes # => { 'name' => ['bill', 'bob'] }
    def changes
      changed.inject({}) { |h, attr| h[attr] = attribute_change(attr); h }
    end

    # Attempts to +save+ the record and clears changed attributes if successful.
    def save_with_dirty(*args) #:nodoc:
      if status = save_without_dirty(*args)
        changed_attributes.clear
      end
      status
    end

    # Attempts to <tt>save!</tt> the record and clears changed attributes if successful.
    def save_with_dirty!(*args) #:nodoc:
      status = save_without_dirty!(*args)
      changed_attributes.clear
      status
    end

    # <tt>reload</tt> the record and clears changed attributes.
    def reload_with_dirty(*args) #:nodoc:
      record = reload_without_dirty(*args)
      changed_attributes.clear
      record
    end

    private
      # Map of change <tt>attr => original value</tt>.
      def changed_attributes
        @changed_attributes ||= {}
      end

      # Handle <tt>*_changed?</tt> for +method_missing+.
      def attribute_changed?(attr)
        changed_attributes.include?(attr)
      end

      # Handle <tt>*_change</tt> for +method_missing+.
      def attribute_change(attr)
        [changed_attributes[attr], __send__(attr)] if attribute_changed?(attr)
      end

      # Handle <tt>*_was</tt> for +method_missing+.
      def attribute_was(attr)
        attribute_changed?(attr) ? changed_attributes[attr] : __send__(attr)
      end

      # Handle <tt>*_will_change!</tt> for +method_missing+.
      def attribute_will_change!(attr)
        changed_attributes[attr] = clone_attribute_value(:read_attribute, attr)
      end

      # Wrap write_attribute to remember original attribute value.
      def write_attribute_with_dirty(attr, value)
        attr = attr.to_s

        # The attribute already has an unsaved change.
        if changed_attributes.include?(attr)
          old = changed_attributes[attr]
          changed_attributes.delete(attr) unless field_changed?(attr, old, value)
        else
          old = clone_attribute_value(:read_attribute, attr)
          changed_attributes[attr] = old if field_changed?(attr, old, value)
        end

        # Carry on.
        write_attribute_without_dirty(attr, value)
      end

      def update_with_dirty
        if partial_updates?
          # Serialized attributes should always be written in case they've been
          # changed in place.
          update_without_dirty(changed | (attributes.keys & self.class.serialized_attributes.keys))
        else
          update_without_dirty
        end
      end

      def field_changed?(attr, old, value)
        if column = column_for_attribute(attr)
          if column.number? && column.null && (old.nil? || old == 0) && value.blank?
            # For nullable numeric columns, NULL gets stored in database for blank (i.e. '') values.
            # Hence we don't record it as a change if the value changes from nil to ''.
            # If an old value of 0 is set to '' we want this to get changed to nil as otherwise it'll
            # be typecast back to 0 (''.to_i => 0)
            value = nil
          else
            value = column.type_cast(value)
          end
        end

        old != value
      end

    module ClassMethods
      def self.extended(base)
        base.metaclass.alias_method_chain(:alias_attribute, :dirty)
      end

      def alias_attribute_with_dirty(new_name, old_name)
        alias_attribute_without_dirty(new_name, old_name)
        DIRTY_SUFFIXES.each do |suffix|
          module_eval <<-STR, __FILE__, __LINE__+1
            def #{new_name}#{suffix}; self.#{old_name}#{suffix}; end  # def subject_changed?; self.title_changed?; end
          STR
        end
      end
    end
  end
end