585 lines
26 KiB
Python
585 lines
26 KiB
Python
import simplejson
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from generic import *
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from eql_yaml import techniques_search
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CG_GROUPS = {}
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def _is_in_group(json_groups, argument_groups):
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"""
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Check if the two dicts (json_groups and argument_groups) have any groups in common based on their names/aliases.
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:param json_groups: group aliases from ATT&CK
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:param argument_groups: group names provided via the command line by the user
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:return: true or false
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"""
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json_groups = list(map(lambda x: x.lower(), json_groups))
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for group in argument_groups:
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if group in json_groups:
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return True
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return False
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def _is_group_found(groups_found, argument_groups):
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"""
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Check if a group that has been provided using '-g/--groups'/'-o/--overlay' is present within MITRE ATT&CK.
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:param groups_found: groups that are found in the ATT&CK data
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:param argument_groups: groups provided via the command line by the user
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:return: returns boolean that indicates if the group is found
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"""
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groups = load_attack_data(DATA_TYPE_STIX_ALL_GROUPS)
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for group_arg in argument_groups:
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if group_arg == 'all': # this one will be ignored as it does not make any sense for this function
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return True
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group_id = None
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for group in groups: # is the group provided via the command line known in ATT&CK?
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if 'aliases' in group:
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group_aliases_lower = list(map(lambda x: x.lower(), group['aliases']))
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if group_arg in group_aliases_lower or group_arg == get_attack_id(group).lower():
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group_id = get_attack_id(group)
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if not group_id: # the group that has been provided through the command line cannot be found in ATT&CK
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print('[!] Unknown group: ' + group_arg)
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return False
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elif group_id not in groups_found: # group not present in filtered data sate (i.e. platform and stage)
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print('[!] Group not part of the data set: ' + group_arg)
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return False
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else:
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return True
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def _get_software_techniques(groups, stage, platform):
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"""
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Get all techniques (in a dict) from the provided list of groups in relation to the software these groups use,
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and hence techniques they support.
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:param groups: ATT&CK groups
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:param stage: attack or pre-attack
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:param platform: the applicable platform(s)
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:return: dictionary with info on groups
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"""
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# { group_id: {group_name: NAME, techniques: set{id, ...} } }
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groups_dict = {}
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tech_by_software = load_attack_data(DATA_TYPE_CUSTOM_TECH_BY_SOFTWARE)
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# { software_id: [technique, ...] }
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software_dict = {}
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for tech in tech_by_software:
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if tech['software_id'] not in software_dict:
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# noinspection PySetFunctionToLiteral
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software_dict[tech['software_id']] = set([tech['technique_id']])
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else:
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software_dict[tech['software_id']].add(tech['technique_id'])
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# groups is a YAML file
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if os.path.isfile(str(groups)):
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_yaml = init_yaml()
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with open(groups, 'r') as yaml_file:
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config = _yaml.load(yaml_file)
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for group in config['groups']:
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if group['enabled']:
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campaign = group.get('campaign', None)
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campaign = str(campaign) if campaign else ''
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group_id = _generate_group_id(str(group['group_name']), campaign)
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groups_dict[group_id] = dict()
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groups_dict[group_id]['group_name'] = str(group['group_name'])
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groups_dict[group_id]['techniques'] = set()
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if campaign != '':
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groups_dict[group_id]['campaign'] = str(campaign)
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groups_dict[group_id]['software'] = group['software_id']
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if group['software_id']:
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for soft_id in group['software_id']:
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try:
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groups_dict[group_id]['techniques'].update(software_dict[soft_id])
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except KeyError:
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print('[!] unknown ATT&CK software ID: ' + soft_id)
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# groups are provided as arguments via the command line
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else:
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software_by_group = load_attack_data(DATA_TYPE_CUSTOM_SOFTWARE_BY_GROUP)
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for s in software_by_group:
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# software matches the ATT&CK Matrix and platform
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# and the group is a group we are interested in
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if s['x_mitre_platforms']: # there is software that do not have a platform, skip those
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if s['matrix'] == 'mitre-'+stage and (platform == 'all' or len(set(s['x_mitre_platforms']).intersection(set(platform))) > 0) and \
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(groups[0] == 'all' or s['group_id'].lower() in groups or _is_in_group(s['aliases'], groups)):
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if s['group_id'] not in groups_dict:
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groups_dict[s['group_id']] = {'group_name': s['name']}
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groups_dict[s['group_id']]['techniques'] = set()
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groups_dict[s['group_id']]['techniques'].update(software_dict[s['software_id']])
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return groups_dict
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def _generate_group_id(group_name, campaign):
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# CG_GROUPS = { group_name+campaign: id } }
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"""
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Generate a custom group id.
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:param group_name: group name as used within the YAML file
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:param campaign: campaign as used within the YAML file
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:return: custom group identifier string (e.g. CG0001)
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"""
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global CG_GROUPS
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if not CG_GROUPS:
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new_id = 1
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elif group_name + campaign not in CG_GROUPS:
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new_id = len(CG_GROUPS) + 1
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if group_name + campaign not in CG_GROUPS:
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length = len(str(new_id))
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if length > 9:
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cg_id = 'CG00' + str(new_id)
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elif length > 99:
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cg_id = 'CG0' + str(new_id)
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elif length > 999:
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cg_id = 'CG' + str(new_id)
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else:
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cg_id = 'CG000' + str(new_id)
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CG_GROUPS[group_name + campaign] = cg_id
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return CG_GROUPS[group_name + campaign]
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def _get_group_techniques(groups, stage, platform, file_type):
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"""
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Get all techniques (in a dict) from the provided list of groups
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:param groups: group ID, group name/alias or a YAML file with group(s) data
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:param stage: attack or pre-attack
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:param platform: one of the values from PLATFORMS constant or 'all'
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:param file_type: the file type of the YAML file as present in the key 'file_type'
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:return: returns dictionary with all techniques from the provided list of groups or -1 when group is not found
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"""
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# { group_id: {group_name: NAME, techniques: set{id, ...} } }
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groups_dict = {}
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groups_found = set()
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# groups is a YAML file
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if file_type == FILE_TYPE_GROUP_ADMINISTRATION:
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_yaml = init_yaml()
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with open(groups, 'r') as yaml_file:
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config = _yaml.load(yaml_file)
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for group in config['groups']:
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if group['enabled']:
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campaign = group.get('campaign', None)
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campaign = str(campaign) if campaign else ''
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group_id = _generate_group_id(str(group['group_name']), campaign)
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groups_dict[group_id] = dict()
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groups_dict[group_id]['group_name'] = str(group['group_name'])
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if isinstance(group['technique_id'], list):
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groups_dict[group_id]['techniques'] = set(group['technique_id'])
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groups_dict[group_id]['weight'] = dict((i, 1) for i in group['technique_id'])
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elif isinstance(group['technique_id'], dict):
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groups_dict[group_id]['techniques'] = set(group['technique_id'].keys())
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groups_dict[group_id]['weight'] = group['technique_id']
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if campaign != '':
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groups_dict[group_id]['campaign'] = str(campaign)
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groups_dict[group_id]['software'] = group['software_id']
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else:
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# groups are provided as arguments via the command line
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all_groups_tech = load_attack_data(DATA_TYPE_CUSTOM_TECH_BY_GROUP)
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for gr in all_groups_tech:
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platforms = gr['x_mitre_platforms']
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if not platforms:
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# we just set this to an random legit value, because for pre-attack 'platform' is not used
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platforms = 'Windows'
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# group matches the: matrix/stage, platform and the group(s) we are interested in
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if gr['matrix'] == 'mitre-'+stage and (platform == 'all' or len(set(platforms).intersection(set(platform))) > 0) and \
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(groups[0] == 'all' or gr['group_id'].lower() in groups or _is_in_group(gr['aliases'], groups)):
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if gr['group_id'] not in groups_dict:
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groups_found.add(gr['group_id'])
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groups_dict[gr['group_id']] = {'group_name': gr['name']}
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groups_dict[gr['group_id']]['techniques'] = set()
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groups_dict[gr['group_id']]['weight'] = dict()
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groups_dict[gr['group_id']]['techniques'].add(gr['technique_id'])
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groups_dict[gr['group_id']]['weight'][gr['technique_id']] = 1
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# do not call '_is_group_found' when groups is a YAML file
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# (this could contain groups that do not exists within ATT&CK)
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if not os.path.isfile(str(groups)):
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found = _is_group_found(groups_found, groups)
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if not found:
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return -1
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return groups_dict
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def _get_detection_techniques(filename):
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"""
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Get all techniques (in a dict) from the detection administration
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:param filename: path to the YAML technique administration file
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:return: groups dictionary, loaded techniques from administration YAML file
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"""
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# { group_id: {group_name: NAME, techniques: set{id, ...} } }
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groups_dict = {}
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detection_techniques, name, platform = load_techniques(filename)
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group_id = 'DETECTION'
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groups_dict[group_id] = {}
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groups_dict[group_id]['group_name'] = 'Detection'
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groups_dict[group_id]['techniques'] = set()
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groups_dict[group_id]['weight'] = dict()
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for t, v in detection_techniques.items():
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s = calculate_score(v['detection'])
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if s > 0:
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groups_dict[group_id]['techniques'].add(t)
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groups_dict[group_id]['weight'][t] = 1
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return groups_dict, detection_techniques
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def _get_visibility_techniques(filename):
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"""
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Get all techniques (in a dict) from the technique administration
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:param filename: path to the YAML technique administration file
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:return: dictionary
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"""
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# { group_id: {group_name: NAME, techniques: set{id, ...} } }
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groups_dict = {}
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visibility_techniques, name, platform = load_techniques(filename)
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group_id = 'VISIBILITY'
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groups_dict[group_id] = {}
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groups_dict[group_id]['group_name'] = 'Visibility'
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groups_dict[group_id]['techniques'] = set()
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groups_dict[group_id]['weight'] = dict()
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for t, v in visibility_techniques.items():
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s = calculate_score(v['visibility'])
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if s > 0:
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groups_dict[group_id]['techniques'].add(t)
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groups_dict[group_id]['weight'][t] = 1
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return groups_dict, visibility_techniques
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def _get_technique_count(groups, groups_overlay, groups_software, overlay_type, all_techniques):
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"""
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Create a dict with all involved techniques and their relevant count/score
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:param groups: a dict with data on groups
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:param groups_overlay: a dict with data on the groups to overlay
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:param groups_software: a dict with with data on which techniques are used within related software
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:param overlay_type: group, visibility or detection
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:param all_techniques: dict containing all technique data for visibility or detection
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:return: dictionary, max_count
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"""
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# { technique_id: {count: ..., groups: set{} }
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techniques_dict = {}
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for group, v in groups.items():
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for tech in v['techniques']:
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if tech not in techniques_dict:
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techniques_dict[tech] = dict()
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techniques_dict[tech]['groups'] = set()
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techniques_dict[tech]['count'] = v['weight'][tech]
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# We only want to increase the score when comparing groups and not for visibility or detection.
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# This allows to have proper sorting of the heat map, which in turn improves the ability to visually
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# compare this heat map with the detection/visibility ATT&CK Navigator layers.
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else:
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techniques_dict[tech]['count'] += v['weight'][tech]
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techniques_dict[tech]['groups'].add(group)
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max_count = max(techniques_dict.values(), key=lambda k: k['count'])['count']
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# create dict {tech_id: score+max_tech_count} to be used for when doing an overlay of the type visibility or detection
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if overlay_type != OVERLAY_TYPE_GROUP:
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dict_tech_score = {}
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list_tech = groups_overlay[overlay_type.upper()]['techniques']
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for tech in list_tech:
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dict_tech_score[tech] = calculate_score(all_techniques[tech][overlay_type]) + max_count
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for group, v in groups_overlay.items():
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for tech in v['techniques']:
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if tech not in techniques_dict:
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techniques_dict[tech] = dict()
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techniques_dict[tech]['groups'] = set()
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if overlay_type == OVERLAY_TYPE_GROUP:
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techniques_dict[tech]['count'] = v['weight'][tech]
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else:
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techniques_dict[tech]['count'] = dict_tech_score[tech]
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elif group in groups:
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if tech not in groups[group]['techniques']:
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if overlay_type == OVERLAY_TYPE_GROUP:
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techniques_dict[tech]['count'] += v['weight'][tech]
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else:
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techniques_dict[tech]['count'] = dict_tech_score[tech]
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# Only do this when it was not already counted by being part of 'groups'.
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# Meaning the group in 'groups_overlay' was also part of 'groups' (match on Group ID) and the
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# technique was already counted for that group / it is not a new technique for that group coming
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# from a YAML file
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else:
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if overlay_type == OVERLAY_TYPE_GROUP:
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# increase count when the group in the YAML file is a custom group
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techniques_dict[tech]['count'] += v['weight'][tech]
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else:
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techniques_dict[tech]['count'] = dict_tech_score[tech]
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techniques_dict[tech]['groups'].add(group)
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for group, v in groups_software.items():
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for tech in v['techniques']:
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if tech not in techniques_dict:
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techniques_dict[tech] = dict()
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techniques_dict[tech]['count'] = 0
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# we will not adjust the scoring for groups_software. We will just set the the score to 0.
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# This will later be used for the colouring of the heat map.
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if 'groups' not in techniques_dict[tech]:
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techniques_dict[tech]['groups'] = set()
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techniques_dict[tech]['groups'].add(group)
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return techniques_dict, max_count
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def _get_technique_layer(techniques_count, groups, overlay, groups_software, overlay_file_type, overlay_type,
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all_techniques):
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"""
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Create the technique layer that will be part of the ATT&CK navigator json file
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:param techniques_count: involved techniques with count (to be used within the scores)
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:param groups: a dict with data on groups
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:param overlay: a dict with data on the groups to overlay
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:param groups_software: a dict with with data on which techniques are used within related software
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:param overlay_file_type: the file type of the YAML file as present in the key 'file_type'
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:param overlay_type: group, visibility or detection
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:param all_techniques: dictionary with all techniques loaded from techniques administration YAML file
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:return: dictionary
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"""
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techniques_layer = []
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# { technique_id: {count: ..., groups: set{} }
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# add the technique count/scoring
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for tech, v in techniques_count.items():
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t = dict()
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t['techniqueID'] = tech
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t['score'] = v['count']
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t['metadata'] = []
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metadata_dict = dict()
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for group, values in groups.items():
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if tech in values['techniques']: # we do not color this one because that's done using the scoring
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if 'Groups' not in metadata_dict:
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metadata_dict['Groups'] = set()
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metadata_dict['Groups'].add(values['group_name'])
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# this will only be effective when loading a YAML files that have a value for the key 'campaign'
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if 'campaign' in values:
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if 'Campaign' not in metadata_dict:
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metadata_dict['Campaign'] = set()
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metadata_dict['Campaign'].add(values['campaign'])
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# change the color and add metadata to make the groups overlay visible
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for group, values in overlay.items():
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if tech in values['techniques']:
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# Determine color:
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if len(v['groups'].intersection(set(groups.keys()))) > 0:
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# if the technique is both present in the group (-g/--groups) and the groups overlay (-o/--overlay)
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t['color'] = COLOR_GROUP_OVERLAY_MATCH
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else:
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# the technique is only present in the overlay and not in the provided groups (-g/--groups)
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if overlay_file_type == FILE_TYPE_TECHNIQUE_ADMINISTRATION:
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if overlay_type == OVERLAY_TYPE_VISIBILITY:
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t['color'] = COLOR_GROUP_OVERLAY_ONLY_VISIBILITY
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elif overlay_type == OVERLAY_TYPE_DETECTION:
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t['color'] = COLOR_GROUP_OVERLAY_ONLY_DETECTION
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else:
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t['color'] = COLOR_GROUP_OVERLAY_NO_MATCH
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# Add applicable_to to metadata in case of overlay for detection/visibility:
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if overlay_file_type == FILE_TYPE_TECHNIQUE_ADMINISTRATION:
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metadata_dict['Applicable to'] = set([a for v in all_techniques[tech][overlay_type] for a in v['applicable_to']])
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metadata_dict['Detection score'] = [str(calculate_score(all_techniques[tech]['detection']))]
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metadata_dict['Visibility score'] = [str(calculate_score(all_techniques[tech]['visibility']))]
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if 'Overlay' not in metadata_dict:
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metadata_dict['Overlay'] = set()
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metadata_dict['Overlay'].add(values['group_name'])
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# this will only be effective when loading a YAML files that has a value for the key 'campaign'
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if 'campaign' in values:
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if 'Campaign' not in metadata_dict:
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metadata_dict['Campaign'] = set()
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metadata_dict['Campaign'].add(values['campaign'])
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# change the color and add metadata to make the groups software overlay visible
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for group, values in groups_software.items():
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if tech in values['techniques']:
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if t['score'] > 0:
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t['color'] = COLOR_GROUP_AND_SOFTWARE
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else:
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t['color'] = COLOR_SOFTWARE
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if 'Software groups' not in metadata_dict:
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metadata_dict['Software groups'] = set()
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metadata_dict['Software groups'].add(values['group_name'])
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if 'campaign' in values:
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if 'Software campaign' not in metadata_dict:
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metadata_dict['Software campaign'] = set()
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metadata_dict['Software campaign'].add(values['campaign'])
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# create the metadata based on the dict 'metadata_dict'
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for metadata, values in metadata_dict.items():
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tmp_dict = {'name': '-' + metadata, 'value': ', '.join(values)}
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t['metadata'].append(tmp_dict)
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techniques_layer.append(t)
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return techniques_layer
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def _get_group_list(groups, file_type):
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"""
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Make a list of group names for the involved groups.
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:param groups: a dict with data on groups
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:param file_type: the file type of the YAML file as present in the key 'file_type'
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:return: list
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"""
|
|
if file_type == FILE_TYPE_GROUP_ADMINISTRATION:
|
|
groups_list = []
|
|
for group, values in groups.items():
|
|
if 'campaign' in values and values['campaign'] != '':
|
|
groups_list.append(values['group_name'] + ' (' + values['campaign'] + ')')
|
|
else:
|
|
groups_list.append(values['group_name'])
|
|
|
|
return groups_list
|
|
else:
|
|
return groups
|
|
|
|
|
|
def generate_group_heat_map(groups, overlay, overlay_type, stage, platform, software_groups,
|
|
search_visibility, search_detection, health_is_called, include_all_score_objs=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
Calls all functions that are necessary for the generation of the heat map and write a json layer to disk.
|
|
:param groups: threat actor groups
|
|
:param overlay: group(s), visibility or detections to overlay (group ID, group name/alias, YAML file with
|
|
group(s), detections or visibility)
|
|
:param overlay_type: group, visibility or detection
|
|
:param stage: attack or pre-attack
|
|
:param platform: one of the values from PLATFORMS constant or 'all'
|
|
:param software_groups: specify if techniques from related software should be included
|
|
:param search_visibility: visibility EQL search query
|
|
:param search_detection: detection EQL search query
|
|
:param health_is_called: boolean that specifies if detailed errors in the file will be printed
|
|
:param include_all_score_objs: include all score objects within the score_logbook for the EQL query
|
|
:return: returns nothing when something's wrong
|
|
"""
|
|
overlay_dict = {}
|
|
groups_software_dict = {}
|
|
|
|
groups_file_type = None
|
|
if os.path.isfile(groups):
|
|
groups_file_type = check_file(groups, file_type=FILE_TYPE_GROUP_ADMINISTRATION,
|
|
health_is_called=health_is_called)
|
|
if not groups_file_type:
|
|
return
|
|
else:
|
|
# remove whitespaces (leading and trailing), convert to lower case and put in a list
|
|
groups = groups.split(',')
|
|
groups = list(map(lambda x: x.strip().lower(), groups))
|
|
|
|
# set the correct value for platform
|
|
if groups_file_type == FILE_TYPE_GROUP_ADMINISTRATION:
|
|
_yaml = init_yaml()
|
|
with open(groups, 'r') as yaml_file:
|
|
group_file = _yaml.load(yaml_file)
|
|
|
|
platform_yaml = get_platform_from_yaml(group_file)
|
|
if platform_yaml:
|
|
platform = platform_yaml
|
|
if isinstance(platform, str) and platform.lower() != 'all':
|
|
platform = [platform]
|
|
|
|
overlay_file_type = None
|
|
if overlay:
|
|
if os.path.isfile(overlay):
|
|
expected_file_type = FILE_TYPE_GROUP_ADMINISTRATION if overlay_type == OVERLAY_TYPE_GROUP \
|
|
else FILE_TYPE_TECHNIQUE_ADMINISTRATION \
|
|
if overlay_type in [OVERLAY_TYPE_VISIBILITY, OVERLAY_TYPE_DETECTION] else None
|
|
overlay_file_type = check_file(overlay, expected_file_type, health_is_called=health_is_called)
|
|
if not overlay_file_type:
|
|
return
|
|
else:
|
|
overlay = overlay.split(',')
|
|
overlay = list(map(lambda x: x.strip().lower(), overlay))
|
|
else:
|
|
overlay = []
|
|
|
|
# load the techniques (visibility or detection) from the YAML file
|
|
all_techniques = None
|
|
if overlay_file_type == FILE_TYPE_TECHNIQUE_ADMINISTRATION:
|
|
# filter out visibility and/or detection objects using EQL
|
|
if search_detection or search_visibility:
|
|
overlay = techniques_search(overlay, search_visibility, search_detection,
|
|
include_all_score_objs=include_all_score_objs)
|
|
if not overlay:
|
|
return None # something went wrong in executing the search or 0 results where returned
|
|
|
|
if overlay_type == OVERLAY_TYPE_VISIBILITY:
|
|
overlay_dict, all_techniques = _get_visibility_techniques(overlay)
|
|
elif overlay_type == OVERLAY_TYPE_DETECTION:
|
|
overlay_dict, all_techniques = _get_detection_techniques(overlay)
|
|
# we are not overlaying visibility or detection, overlay group will therefore contain information on another group
|
|
elif len(overlay) > 0:
|
|
overlay_dict = _get_group_techniques(overlay, stage, platform, overlay_file_type)
|
|
if overlay_dict == -1:
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
groups_dict = _get_group_techniques(groups, stage, platform, groups_file_type)
|
|
if groups_dict == -1:
|
|
return
|
|
if len(groups_dict) == 0:
|
|
print('[!] Empty layer.') # the provided groups dit not result in any techniques
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
# check if we are doing a software group overlay
|
|
if software_groups and overlay:
|
|
if overlay_type not in [OVERLAY_TYPE_VISIBILITY, OVERLAY_TYPE_DETECTION]:
|
|
# if a group overlay is provided, get the software techniques for the overlay
|
|
groups_software_dict = _get_software_techniques(overlay, stage, platform)
|
|
elif software_groups:
|
|
groups_software_dict = _get_software_techniques(groups, stage, platform)
|
|
|
|
technique_count, max_count = _get_technique_count(groups_dict, overlay_dict, groups_software_dict, overlay_type, all_techniques)
|
|
technique_layer = _get_technique_layer(technique_count, groups_dict, overlay_dict, groups_software_dict,
|
|
overlay_file_type, overlay_type, all_techniques)
|
|
|
|
# make a list group names for the involved groups.
|
|
if groups == ['all']:
|
|
groups_list = ['all']
|
|
else:
|
|
groups_list = _get_group_list(groups_dict, groups_file_type)
|
|
overlay_list = _get_group_list(overlay_dict, overlay_file_type)
|
|
|
|
desc = 'stage: ' + stage + ' | platform(s): ' + platform_to_name(platform, separator=', ') + ' | group(s): ' \
|
|
+ ', '.join(groups_list) + ' | overlay group(s): ' + ', '.join(overlay_list)
|
|
|
|
layer = get_layer_template_groups(stage[0].upper() + stage[1:] + ' - ' + platform_to_name(platform, separator=', '),
|
|
max_count, desc, stage, platform, overlay_type)
|
|
layer['techniques'] = technique_layer
|
|
|
|
json_string = simplejson.dumps(layer).replace('}, ', '},\n')
|
|
|
|
if stage == 'pre-attack':
|
|
filename = '_'.join(groups_list)
|
|
elif overlay:
|
|
filename = platform_to_name(platform) + '_' + '_'.join(groups_list) + '-overlay_' + '_'.join(overlay_list)
|
|
else:
|
|
filename = platform_to_name(platform) + '_' + '_'.join(groups_list)
|
|
|
|
write_file(stage, filename[:255], json_string)
|