This document was designed to be a useful, informational asset for those looking to understand the specific tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) attackers are leveraging to compromise active directory and guidance to mitigation, detection, and prevention. And understand Active Directory Kill Chain Attack and Modern Post Exploitation Adversary Tradecraft Activity.
* [Active Directory: PowerShell script to list all SPNs used](https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/18996.active-directory-powershell-script-to-list-all-spns-used.aspx)
* [Discovering Service Accounts Without Using Privileges](https://blog.stealthbits.com/discovering-service-accounts-without-using-privileges/)
* [Hidden Administrative Accounts: BloodHound to the Rescue](https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hidden-administrative-accounts-bloodhound-to-the-rescue/)
* [Active Directory Recon Without Admin Rights](https://adsecurity.org/?p=2535)
* [Gathering AD Data with the Active Directory PowerShell Module](https://adsecurity.org/?p=3719)
* [Using ActiveDirectory module for Domain Enumeration from PowerShell Constrained Language Mode](http://www.labofapenetrationtester.com/2018/10/domain-enumeration-from-PowerShell-CLM.html)
* [PowerUpSQL Active Directory Recon Functions](https://github.com/NetSPI/PowerUpSQL/wiki/Active-Directory-Recon-Functions)
* [Derivative Local Admin](https://www.sixdub.net/?p=591)
* [Dumping Active Directory Domain Info – with PowerUpSQL!](https://blog.netspi.com/dumping-active-directory-domain-info-with-powerupsql/)
* [Local Group Enumeration](https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/local-group-enumeration/)
* [Attack Mapping With Bloodhound](https://blog.stealthbits.com/local-admin-mapping-bloodhound)
* [I'm in your cloud... reading everyone's email. Hacking Azure AD via Active Directory](https://www.slideshare.net/DirkjanMollema/im-in-your-cloud-reading-everyones-email-hacking-azure-ad-via-active-directory)
* [Utilizing Azure Services for Red Team Engagements](https://blog.netspi.com/utiilzing-azure-for-red-team-engagements/)
* [Blue Cloud of Death: Red Teaming Azure](https://speakerdeck.com/tweekfawkes/blue-cloud-of-death-red-teaming-azure-1)
* [Azure AD Connect for Red Teamers](https://blog.xpnsec.com/azuread-connect-for-redteam/)
* [Red Teaming Microsoft: Part 1 – Active Directory Leaks via Azure](https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/red-teaming-microsoft-part-1-active-directory-leaks-via-azure/)
### Passwords in SYSVOL & Group Policy Preferences
* [Finding Passwords in SYSVOL & Exploiting Group Policy Preferences](https://adsecurity.org/?p=2288)
* [Pentesting in the Real World: Group Policy Pwnage](https://blog.rapid7.com/2016/07/27/pentesting-in-the-real-world-group-policy-pwnage/)
### MS14-068 Kerberos Vulnerability
* [MS14-068: Vulnerability in (Active Directory) Kerberos Could Allow Elevation of Privilege](https://adsecurity.org/?p=525)
* [Digging into MS14-068, Exploitation and Defence](https://labs.mwrinfosecurity.com/blog/digging-into-ms14-068-exploitation-and-defence/)
* [From MS14-068 to Full Compromise – Step by Step](https://www.trustedsec.com/2014/12/ms14-068-full-compromise-step-step/)
### DNSAdmins
* [Abusing DNSAdmins privilege for escalation in Active Directory](http://www.labofapenetrationtester.com/2017/05/abusing-dnsadmins-privilege-for-escalation-in-active-directory.html)
* [From DNSAdmins to Domain Admin, When DNSAdmins is More than Just DNS Administration](https://adsecurity.org/?p=4064)
### Unconstrained Delegation
* [Domain Controller Print Server + Unconstrained Kerberos Delegation = Pwned Active Directory Forest](https://adsecurity.org/?p=4056)
* [Active Directory Security Risk #101: Kerberos Unconstrained Delegation (or How Compromise of a Single Server Can Compromise the Domain)](https://adsecurity.org/?p=1667)
* [Hunting in Active Directory: Unconstrained Delegation & Forests Trusts](https://posts.specterops.io/hunting-in-active-directory-unconstrained-delegation-forests-trusts-71f2b33688e1)
* [Wagging the Dog: Abusing Resource-Based Constrained Delegation to Attack Active Directory](https://shenaniganslabs.io/2019/01/28/Wagging-the-Dog.html)
* [Exploiting Weak Active Directory Permissions With Powersploit](https://blog.stealthbits.com/exploiting-weak-active-directory-permissions-with-powersploit/)
* [Escalating privileges with ACLs in Active Directory
* [Active Directory Access Control List – Attacks and Defense](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/Enterprise-Mobility-Security/Active-Directory-Access-Control-List-8211-Attacks-and-Defense/ba-p/250315)
* [aclpwn - Active Directory ACL exploitation with BloodHound](https://www.slideshare.net/DirkjanMollema/aclpwn-active-directory-acl-exploitation-with-bloodhound)
* [A Guide to Attacking Domain Trusts](http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/a-guide-to-attacking-domain-trusts/)
* [It's All About Trust – Forging Kerberos Trust Tickets to Spoof Access across Active Directory Trusts](https://adsecurity.org/?p=1588)
* [Active Directory forest trusts part 1 - How does SID filtering work?](https://dirkjanm.io/active-directory-forest-trusts-part-one-how-does-sid-filtering-work)
* [Pentesting Active Directory Forests](https://www.dropbox.com/s/ilzjtlo0vbyu1u0/Carlos%20Garcia%20-%20Rooted2019%20-%20Pentesting%20Active%20Directory%20Forests%20public.pdf?dl=0)
* [DCShadow - Minimal permissions, Active Directory Deception, Shadowception and more](http://www.labofapenetrationtester.com/2018/04/dcshadow.html)
### RID
* [Rid Hijacking: When Guests Become Admins](https://blog.stealthbits.com/rid-hijacking-when-guests-become-admins/)
### Microsoft SQL Server
* [How to get SQL Server Sysadmin Privileges as a Local Admin with PowerUpSQL](https://blog.netspi.com/get-sql-server-sysadmin-privileges-local-admin-powerupsql/)
* [Compromise With Powerupsql – Sql Attacks](https://blog.stealthbits.com/compromise-with-powerupsql-sql-attacks/)
* [Attack and defend Microsoft Enhanced Security Administrative](https://download.ernw-insight.de/troopers/tr18/slides/TR18_AD_Attack-and-Defend-Microsoft-Enhanced-Security.pdf)
* [Pwning with Responder – A Pentester’s Guide](https://www.notsosecure.com/pwning-with-responder-a-pentesters-guide/)
* [Practical guide to NTLM Relaying in 2017 (A.K.A getting a foothold in under 5 minutes)](https://byt3bl33d3r.github.io/practical-guide-to-ntlm-relaying-in-2017-aka-getting-a-foothold-in-under-5-minutes.html)
* [Relaying credentials everywhere with ntlmrelayx](https://www.fox-it.com/en/insights/blogs/blog/inside-windows-network/)
* [SQL Server – Link… Link… Link… and Shell: How to Hack Database Links in SQL Server!](https://blog.netspi.com/how-to-hack-database-links-in-sql-server/)
* [SQL Server Link Crawling with PowerUpSQL](https://blog.netspi.com/sql-server-link-crawling-powerupsql/)
### Pass The Hash
* [Performing Pass-the-hash Attacks With Mimikatz](https://blog.stealthbits.com/passing-the-hash-with-mimikatz)
* [How to Pass-the-Hash with Mimikatz](https://blog.cobaltstrike.com/2015/05/21/how-to-pass-the-hash-with-mimikatz/)
* [Pass-the-Hash Is Dead: Long Live LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy](https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/pass-the-hash-is-dead-long-live-localaccounttokenfilterpolicy/)
* [Bypassing Memory Scanners with Cobalt Strike and Gargoyle](https://labs.mwrinfosecurity.com/blog/experimenting-bypassing-memory-scanners-with-cobalt-strike-and-gargoyle/)
* [Bring Your Own Land (BYOL) – A Novel Red Teaming Technique](https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/06/bring-your-own-land-novel-red-teaming-technique.html)
### Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) Evasion
* [Red Teaming in the EDR age](https://youtu.be/l8nkXCOYQC4)
* [Red Team Tactics: Combining Direct System Calls and sRDI to bypass AV/EDR](https://outflank.nl/blog/2019/06/19/red-team-tactics-combining-direct-system-calls-and-srdi-to-bypass-av-edr/)
* [Dechaining Macros and Evading EDR](https://www.countercept.com/blog/dechaining-macros-and-evading-edr/)
* [Bypass EDR’s memory protection, introduction to hooking](https://medium.com/@fsx30/bypass-edrs-memory-protection-introduction-to-hooking-2efb21acffd6)
* [Bypassing Cylance and other AVs/EDRs by Unhooking Windows APIs](https://ired.team/offensive-security/defense-evasion/bypassing-cylance-and-other-avs-edrs-by-unhooking-windows-apis)
* [Silencing Cylance: A Case Study in Modern EDRs](https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2019/03/silencing-cylance-a-case-study-in-modern-edrs/)
* [Modern Defenses and YOU!](https://blog.cobaltstrike.com/2017/10/25/modern-defenses-and-you/)
* [OPSEC Considerations for Beacon Commands](https://blog.cobaltstrike.com/2017/06/23/opsec-considerations-for-beacon-commands/)
* [Red Team Tradecraft and TTP Guidance](https://sec564.com/#!docs/tradecraft.md)
* [Fighting the Toolset](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RoqVunX_sqA)
### Microsoft ATA & ATP Evasion
* [Red Team Techniques for Evading, Bypassing, and Disabling MS
Advanced Threat Protection and Advanced Threat Analytics](https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-17/materials/eu-17-Thompson-Red-Team-Techniques-For-Evading-Bypassing-And-Disabling-MS-Advanced-Threat-Protection-And-Advanced-Threat-Analytics.pdf)
* [Red Team Revenge - Attacking Microsoft ATA](https://www.slideshare.net/nikhil_mittal/red-team-revenge-attacking-microsoft-ata)
* [Evading Microsoft ATA for Active Directory Domination](https://www.slideshare.net/nikhil_mittal/evading-microsoft-ata-for-active-directory-domination)
* [How to bypass AMSI and execute ANY malicious Powershell code](https://0x00-0x00.github.io/research/2018/10/28/How-to-bypass-AMSI-and-Execute-ANY-malicious-powershell-code.html)
* [AMSI: How Windows 10 Plans to Stop Script-Based Attacks](https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-16/materials/us-16-Mittal-AMSI-How-Windows-10-Plans-To-Stop-Script-Based-Attacks-And-How-Well-It-Does-It.pdf)
* [A PoC function to corrupt the g_amsiContext global variable in clr.dll in .NET Framework Early Access build 3694](https://gist.github.com/mattifestation/ef0132ba4ae3cc136914da32a88106b9)
* [Bloodhound walkthrough. A Tool for Many Tradecrafts](https://www.pentestpartners.com/security-blog/bloodhound-walkthrough-a-tool-for-many-tradecrafts/)
* [Creating Persistence With Dcshadow](https://blog.stealthbits.com/creating-persistence-with-dcshadow/)
### AdminSDHolder
* [Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #15: Leverage AdminSDHolder & SDProp to (Re)Gain Domain Admin Rights](https://adsecurity.org/?p=1906)
* [Persistence Using Adminsdholder And Sdprop](https://blog.stealthbits.com/persistence-using-adminsdholder-and-sdprop/)
### Group Policy Object
* [Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #17: Group Policy](https://adsecurity.org/?p=2716)
### Skeleton Keys
* [Unlocking All The Doors To Active Directory With The Skeleton Key Attack](https://blog.stealthbits.com/unlocking-all-the-doors-to-active-directory-with-the-skeleton-key-attack/)
* [Attackers Can Now Use Mimikatz to Implant Skeleton Key on Domain Controllers & BackDoor Your Active Directory Forest](https://adsecurity.org/?p=1275)
* [The Most Dangerous User Right You (Probably) Have Never Heard Of](https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/activedirectory/the-most-dangerous-user-right-you-probably-have-never-heard-of/)
* [SeEnableDelegationPrivilege Active Directory Backdoor](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiqaO9RHskU)
* [Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #12: Malicious Security Support Provider (SSP)](https://adsecurity.org/?p=1760)
### Directory Services Restore Mode
* [Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #11: Directory Service Restore Mode (DSRM)](https://adsecurity.org/?p=1714)
* [Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #13: DSRM Persistence v2](https://adsecurity.org/?p=1785)
### ACLs & Security Descriptors
* [An ACE Up the Sleeve: Designing Active Directory DACL Backdoors](https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-17/wednesday/us-17-Robbins-An-ACE-Up-The-Sleeve-Designing-Active-Directory-DACL-Backdoors-wp.pdf)
* [Shadow Admins – The Stealthy Accounts That You Should Fear The Most](https://www.cyberark.com/threat-research-blog/shadow-admins-stealthy-accounts-fear/)
* [ADACLScanner](https://github.com/canix1/ADACLScanner) - A tool with GUI or command linte used to create reports of access control lists (DACLs) and system access control lists (SACLs) in Active Directory
* [ADRecon](https://github.com/sense-of-security/ADRecon) - A tool which gathers information about the Active Directory and generates a report which can provide a holistic picture of the current state of the target AD environment
* [Mimikatz](https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz) - Utility to extract plaintexts passwords, hash, PIN code and kerberos tickets from memory but also perform pass-the-hash, pass-the-ticket or build Golden tickets
* [Grouper](https://github.com/l0ss/Grouper) - A PowerShell script for helping to find vulnerable settings in AD Group Policy.
* [The Dog Whisperer’s Handbook – A Hacker’s Guide to the BloodHound Galaxy](https://www.ernw.de/download/BloodHoundWorkshop/ERNW_DogWhispererHandbook.pdf)
* [Varonis eBook: Pen Testing Active Directory Environments](https://www.varonis.com/blog/varonis-ebook-pen-testing-active-directory-environments/)
* [Tactics, Techniques and Procedures for Attacking Active Directory BlackHat Asia 2019](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1j2nW05H-iRz7-FVTRh-LBXQm6M6YIBQNWa4V7tp99YQ/)
* [SAMRi10](https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/SAMRi10-Hardening-Remote-48d94b5b) - Hardening SAM Remote Access in Windows 10/Server 2016
* [Net Cease](https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/Net-Cease-Blocking-Net-1e8dcb5b) - Hardening Net Session Enumeration
* [PingCastle](https://www.pingcastle.com/) - A tool designed to assess quickly the Active Directory security level with a methodology based on risk assessment and a maturity framework
* [Aorato Skeleton Key Malware Remote DC Scanner](https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/Aorato-Skeleton-Key-24e46b73) - Remotely scans for the existence of the Skeleton Key Malware
* [Reset the krbtgt account password/keys](https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/Reset-the-krbtgt-account-581a9e51) - This script will enable you to reset the krbtgt account password and related keys while minimizing the likelihood of Kerberos authentication issues being caused by the operation
* [Deploy-Deception](https://github.com/samratashok/Deploy-Deception) - A PowerShell module to deploy active directory decoy objects
* [dcept](https://github.com/secureworks/dcept) - A tool for deploying and detecting use of Active Directory honeytokens
* [LogonTracer](https://github.com/JPCERTCC/LogonTracer) - Investigate malicious Windows logon by visualizing and analyzing Windows event log
* [DCSYNCMonitor](https://github.com/shellster/DCSYNCMonitor) - Monitors for DCSYNC and DCSHADOW attacks and create custom Windows Events for these events
|DCShadow|4742: A computer account was changed<br>5137: A directory service object was created<br>5141: A directory service object was deleted<br>4929: An Active Directory replica source naming context was removed|
|Skeleton Keys|4673: A privileged service was called<br>4611: A trusted logon process has been registered with the Local Security Authority<br>4688: A new process has been created<br>4689: A new process has exited|
|Lateral Movement|4688: A new process has been created<br>4689: A process has exited<br>4624: An account was successfully logged on<br>4625: An account failed to log on|
|DNSAdmin|770: DNS Server plugin DLL has been loaded<br>541: The setting serverlevelplugindll on scope . has been set to `<dll path>`<br>150: DNS Server could not load or initialize the plug-in DLL|
|Password Spraying|4625: An account failed to log on<br>4771: Kerberos pre-authentication failed<br>4648: A logon was attempted using explicit credentials|
* [Reducing the Active Directory Attack Surface](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/plan/security-best-practices/reducing-the-active-directory-attack-surface)
* [Changes to Ticket-Granting Ticket (TGT) Delegation Across Trusts in Windows Server (AskPFEPlat edition)](https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askpfeplat/2019/04/11/changes-to-ticket-granting-ticket-tgt-delegation-across-trusts-in-windows-server-askpfeplat-edition/)
* [Privileged Access Management for Active Directory Domain Services](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-identity-manager/pam/privileged-identity-management-for-active-directory-domain-services)
* [Awesome Windows Domain Hardening](https://github.com/PaulSec/awesome-windows-domain-hardening)
* [Best Practices for Securing Active Directory](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/plan/security-best-practices/best-practices-for-securing-active-directory)
* [Introducing the Adversary Resilience Methodology—Part One](https://posts.specterops.io/introducing-the-adversary-resilience-methodology-part-one-e38e06ffd604)
* [Introducing the Adversary Resilience Methodology—Part Two](https://posts.specterops.io/introducing-the-adversary-resilience-methodology-part-two-279a1ed7863d)
* [Mitigating Pass-the-Hash and Other Credential Theft, version 2](https://download.microsoft.com/download/7/7/A/77ABC5BD-8320-41AF-863C-6ECFB10CB4B9/Mitigating-Pass-the-Hash-Attacks-and-Other-Credential-Theft-Version-2.pdf)
* [Configuration guidance for implementing the Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016 DoD Secure Host Baseline settings](https://github.com/nsacyber/Windows-Secure-Host-Baseline)
* [Monitoring Active Directory for Signs of Compromise](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/plan/security-best-practices/monitoring-active-directory-for-signs-of-compromise)
* [Detecting Lateral Movement through Tracking Event Logs](https://www.jpcert.or.jp/english/pub/sr/Detecting%20Lateral%20Movement%20through%20Tracking%20Event%20Logs_version2.pdf)
* [Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection Mitigating Pass-the-Ticket on Active Directory](https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf)
* [Overview of Microsoft's "Best Practices for Securing Active Directory"](https://digital-forensics.sans.org/blog/2013/06/20/overview-of-microsofts-best-practices-for-securing-active-directory)
* [The Keys to the Kingdom: Limiting Active Directory Administrators](https://dsimg.ubm-us.net/envelope/155422/314202/1330537912_Keys_to_the_Kingdom_Limiting_AD_Admins.pdf)
* [Protect Privileged AD Accounts With Five Free Controls](https://blogs.sans.org/cyber-defense/2018/09/10/protect-privileged-ad-accounts-with-five-free-controls/)
* [Planting the Red Forest: Improving AD on the Road to ESAE](https://www.mwrinfosecurity.com/our-thinking/planting-the-red-forest-improving-ad-on-the-road-to-esae/)
* [Finally Deploy and Audit LAPS with Project VAST, Part 1 of 2](https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/jonsh/2018/10/03/finally-deploy-and-audit-laps-with-project-vast-part-1-of-2/)
* [Understanding "Red Forest" - The 3-Tier ESAE and Alternative Ways to Protect Privileged Credentials](https://www.slideshare.net/QuestSoftware/understanding-red-forest-the-3tier-esae-and-alternative-ways-to-protect-privileged-credentials)
* [Securing Microsoft Active Directory Federation Server (ADFS)](https://adsecurity.org/?p=3782)
* [Azure AD and ADFS best practices: Defending against password spray attacks](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/blog/2018/03/05/azure-ad-and-adfs-best-practices-defending-against-password-spray-attacks/)
* [Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques](https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process)
* [Hunting For In-Memory .NET Attacks](https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/hunting-memory-net-attacks)
* [Mimikatz Overview, Defenses and Detection](https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/detection/mimikatz-overview-defenses-detection-36780)
* [Hunting for Gargoyle Memory Scanning Evasion](https://www.countercept.com/blog/hunting-for-gargoyle/)
* [Planning and getting started on the Windows Defender Application Control deployment process](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control-deployment-guide)
* [Preventing Lateral Movement Using Network Access Groups](https://medium.com/think-stack/preventing-lateral-movement-using-network-access-groups-7e8d539a9029)
* [How to Go from Responding to Hunting with Sysinternals Sysmon](https://onedrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=D026B4699190F1E6!2843&ithint=file%2cpptx&app=PowerPoint&authkey=!AMvCRTKB_V1J5ow)
