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openwrt/tools/firmware-utils/src/mktplinkfw.c

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2009 Gabor Juhos <juhosg@openwrt.org>
*
* This tool was based on:
* TP-Link WR941 V2 firmware checksum fixing tool.
* Copyright (C) 2008,2009 Wang Jian <lark@linux.net.cn>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published
* by the Free Software Foundation.
*
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h> /* for unlink() */
#include <libgen.h>
#include <getopt.h> /* for getopt() */
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include "md5.h"
#if (__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN)
# define HOST_TO_BE32(x) (x)
# define BE32_TO_HOST(x) (x)
#else
# define HOST_TO_BE32(x) bswap_32(x)
# define BE32_TO_HOST(x) bswap_32(x)
#endif
#define HEADER_VERSION_V1 0x01000000
#define HWID_TL_MR3220_V1 0x32200001
#define HWID_TL_MR3420_V1 0x34200001
#define HWID_TL_WA901ND_V1 0x09010001
#define HWID_TL_WA901ND_V2 0x09010002
#define HWID_TL_WR741ND_V1 0x07410001
#define HWID_TL_WR740N_V1 0x07400001
#define HWID_TL_WR841N_V1_5 0x08410002
#define HWID_TL_WR841ND_V3 0x08410003
#define HWID_TL_WR841ND_V5 0x08410005
#define HWID_TL_WR841ND_V7 0x08410007
#define HWID_TL_WR941ND_V2 0x09410002
#define HWID_TL_WR941ND_V4 0x09410004
#define HWID_TL_WR1043ND_V1 0x10430001
#define MD5SUM_LEN 16
struct file_info {
char *file_name; /* name of the file */
uint32_t file_size; /* length of the file */
};
struct fw_header {
uint32_t version; /* header version */
char vendor_name[24];
char fw_version[36];
uint32_t hw_id; /* hardware id */
uint32_t hw_rev; /* hardware revision */
uint32_t unk1;
uint8_t md5sum1[MD5SUM_LEN];
uint32_t unk2;
uint8_t md5sum2[MD5SUM_LEN];
uint32_t unk3;
uint32_t kernel_la; /* kernel load address */
uint32_t kernel_ep; /* kernel entry point */
uint32_t fw_length; /* total length of the firmware */
uint32_t kernel_ofs; /* kernel data offset */
uint32_t kernel_len; /* kernel data length */
uint32_t rootfs_ofs; /* rootfs data offset */
uint32_t rootfs_len; /* rootfs data length */
uint32_t boot_ofs; /* bootloader data offset */
uint32_t boot_len; /* bootloader data length */
uint8_t pad[360];
} __attribute__ ((packed));
struct board_info {
char *id;
uint32_t hw_id;
uint32_t hw_rev;
uint32_t fw_max_len;
uint32_t kernel_la;
uint32_t kernel_ep;
uint32_t rootfs_ofs;
};
/*
* Globals
*/
static char *ofname;
static char *progname;
static char *vendor = "TP-LINK Technologies";
static char *version = "ver. 1.0";
static char *board_id;
static struct board_info *board;
static struct file_info kernel_info;
static uint32_t kernel_la = 0;
static uint32_t kernel_ep = 0;
static struct file_info rootfs_info;
static uint32_t rootfs_ofs = 0;
static struct file_info boot_info;
static int combined;
static int strip_padding;
static struct file_info inspect_info;
static int extract = 0;
char md5salt_normal[MD5SUM_LEN] = {
0xdc, 0xd7, 0x3a, 0xa5, 0xc3, 0x95, 0x98, 0xfb,
0xdd, 0xf9, 0xe7, 0xf4, 0x0e, 0xae, 0x47, 0x38,
};
char md5salt_boot[MD5SUM_LEN] = {
0x8c, 0xef, 0x33, 0x5b, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0xce, 0xfa,
0xa7, 0x9c, 0x28, 0xda, 0xb2, 0xe9, 0x0f, 0x42,
};
static struct board_info boards[] = {
{
.id = "TL-MR3220v1",
.hw_id = HWID_TL_MR3220_V1,
.hw_rev = 1,
.fw_max_len = 0x3c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x140000,
}, {
.id = "TL-MR3420v1",
.hw_id = HWID_TL_MR3420_V1,
.hw_rev = 1,
.fw_max_len = 0x3c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x140000,
}, {
.id = "TL-WA901NDv1",
.hw_id = HWID_TL_WA901ND_V1,
.hw_rev = 1,
.fw_max_len = 0x3c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x140000,
}, {
.id = "TL-WA901NDv2",
.hw_id = HWID_TL_WA901ND_V2,
.hw_rev = 1,
.fw_max_len = 0x3c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x140000,
}, {
.id = "TL-WR741NDv1",
.hw_id = HWID_TL_WR741ND_V1,
.hw_rev = 1,
.fw_max_len = 0x3c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x140000,
}, {
.id = "TL-WR740Nv1",
.hw_id = HWID_TL_WR740N_V1,
.hw_rev = 1,
.fw_max_len = 0x3c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x140000,
}, {
.id = "TL-WR841Nv1.5",
.hw_id = HWID_TL_WR841N_V1_5,
.hw_rev = 2,
.fw_max_len = 0x3c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x140000,
}, {
.id = "TL-WR841NDv3",
.hw_id = HWID_TL_WR841ND_V3,
.hw_rev = 3,
.fw_max_len = 0x3c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x140000,
}, {
.id = "TL-WR841NDv5",
.hw_id = HWID_TL_WR841ND_V5,
.hw_rev = 1,
.fw_max_len = 0x3c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x140000,
}, {
.id = "TL-WR841NDv7",
.hw_id = HWID_TL_WR841ND_V7,
.hw_rev = 1,
.fw_max_len = 0x3c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x140000,
}, {
.id = "TL-WR941NDv2",
.hw_id = HWID_TL_WR941ND_V2,
.hw_rev = 2,
.fw_max_len = 0x3c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x140000,
}, {
.id = "TL-WR941NDv4",
.hw_id = HWID_TL_WR941ND_V4,
.hw_rev = 1,
.fw_max_len = 0x3c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x140000,
}, {
.id = "TL-WR1043NDv1",
.hw_id = HWID_TL_WR1043ND_V1,
.hw_rev = 1,
.fw_max_len = 0x7c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x140000,
}, {
/* terminating entry */
}
};
/*
* Message macros
*/
#define ERR(fmt, ...) do { \
fflush(0); \
fprintf(stderr, "[%s] *** error: " fmt "\n", \
progname, ## __VA_ARGS__ ); \
} while (0)
#define ERRS(fmt, ...) do { \
int save = errno; \
fflush(0); \
fprintf(stderr, "[%s] *** error: " fmt "\n", \
progname, ## __VA_ARGS__, strerror(save)); \
} while (0)
#define DBG(fmt, ...) do { \
fprintf(stderr, "[%s] " fmt "\n", progname, ## __VA_ARGS__ ); \
} while (0)
static struct board_info *find_board(char *id)
{
struct board_info *ret;
struct board_info *board;
ret = NULL;
for (board = boards; board->id != NULL; board++){
if (strcasecmp(id, board->id) == 0) {
ret = board;
break;
}
};
return ret;
}
static struct board_info *find_board_by_hwid(uint32_t hw_id)
{
struct board_info *board;
for (board = boards; board->id != NULL; board++) {
if (hw_id == board->hw_id)
return board;
};
return NULL;
}
static void usage(int status)
{
FILE *stream = (status != EXIT_SUCCESS) ? stderr : stdout;
struct board_info *board;
fprintf(stream, "Usage: %s [OPTIONS...]\n", progname);
fprintf(stream,
"\n"
"Options:\n"
" -B <board> create image for the board specified with <board>\n"
" -c use combined kernel image\n"
" -E <ep> overwrite kernel entry point with <ep> (hexval prefixed with 0x)\n"
" -L <la> overwrite kernel load address with <la> (hexval prefixed with 0x)\n"
" -k <file> read kernel image from the file <file>\n"
" -r <file> read rootfs image from the file <file>\n"
" -R <offset> overwrite rootfs offset with <offset> (hexval prefixed with 0x)\n"
" -o <file> write output to the file <file>\n"
" -s strip padding from the end of the image\n"
" -N <vendor> set image vendor to <vendor>\n"
" -V <version> set image version to <version>\n"
" -i <file> inspect given firmware file <file>\n"
" -x extract kernel and rootfs while inspecting (requires -i)\n"
" -h show this screen\n"
);
exit(status);
}
static int get_md5(char *data, int size, char *md5)
{
MD5_CTX ctx;
MD5_Init(&ctx);
MD5_Update(&ctx, data, size);
MD5_Final(md5, &ctx);
}
static int get_file_stat(struct file_info *fdata)
{
struct stat st;
int res;
if (fdata->file_name == NULL)
return 0;
res = stat(fdata->file_name, &st);
if (res){
ERRS("stat failed on %s", fdata->file_name);
return res;
}
fdata->file_size = st.st_size;
return 0;
}
static int read_to_buf(struct file_info *fdata, char *buf)
{
FILE *f;
int ret = EXIT_FAILURE;
f = fopen(fdata->file_name, "r");
if (f == NULL) {
ERRS("could not open \"%s\" for reading", fdata->file_name);
goto out;
}
errno = 0;
fread(buf, fdata->file_size, 1, f);
if (errno != 0) {
ERRS("unable to read from file \"%s\"", fdata->file_name);
goto out_close;
}
ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;
out_close:
fclose(f);
out:
return ret;
}
static int check_options(void)
{
int ret;
if (inspect_info.file_name) {
ret = get_file_stat(&inspect_info);
if (ret)
return ret;
return 0;
} else if (extract) {
ERR("no firmware for inspection specified");
return -1;
}
if (board_id == NULL) {
ERR("no board specified");
return -1;
}
board = find_board(board_id);
if (board == NULL) {
ERR("unknown/unsupported board id \"%s\"", board_id);
return -1;
}
if (!kernel_la)
kernel_la = board->kernel_la;
if (!kernel_ep)
kernel_ep = board->kernel_ep;
if (!rootfs_ofs)
rootfs_ofs = board->rootfs_ofs;
if (kernel_info.file_name == NULL) {
ERR("no kernel image specified");
return -1;
}
ret = get_file_stat(&kernel_info);
if (ret)
return ret;
if (combined) {
if (kernel_info.file_size >
board->fw_max_len - sizeof(struct fw_header)) {
ERR("kernel image is too big");
return -1;
}
} else {
if (kernel_info.file_size >
rootfs_ofs - sizeof(struct fw_header)) {
ERR("kernel image is too big");
return -1;
}
if (rootfs_info.file_name == NULL) {
ERR("no rootfs image specified");
return -1;
}
ret = get_file_stat(&rootfs_info);
if (ret)
return ret;
if (rootfs_info.file_size >
(board->fw_max_len - rootfs_ofs)) {
ERR("rootfs image is too big");
return -1;
}
}
if (ofname == NULL) {
ERR("no output file specified");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
static void fill_header(char *buf, int len)
{
struct fw_header *hdr = (struct fw_header *)buf;
memset(hdr, 0, sizeof(struct fw_header));
hdr->version = HOST_TO_BE32(HEADER_VERSION_V1);
strncpy(hdr->vendor_name, vendor, sizeof(hdr->vendor_name));
strncpy(hdr->fw_version, version, sizeof(hdr->fw_version));
hdr->hw_id = HOST_TO_BE32(board->hw_id);
hdr->hw_rev = HOST_TO_BE32(board->hw_rev);
if (boot_info.file_size == 0)
memcpy(hdr->md5sum1, md5salt_normal, sizeof(hdr->md5sum1));
else
memcpy(hdr->md5sum1, md5salt_boot, sizeof(hdr->md5sum1));
hdr->kernel_la = HOST_TO_BE32(kernel_la);
hdr->kernel_ep = HOST_TO_BE32(kernel_ep);
hdr->fw_length = HOST_TO_BE32(board->fw_max_len);
hdr->kernel_ofs = HOST_TO_BE32(sizeof(struct fw_header));
hdr->kernel_len = HOST_TO_BE32(kernel_info.file_size);
if (!combined) {
hdr->rootfs_ofs = HOST_TO_BE32(rootfs_ofs);
hdr->rootfs_len = HOST_TO_BE32(rootfs_info.file_size);
}
get_md5(buf, len, hdr->md5sum1);
}
static int write_fw(char *data, int len)
{
FILE *f;
int ret = EXIT_FAILURE;
f = fopen(ofname, "w");
if (f == NULL) {
ERRS("could not open \"%s\" for writing", ofname);
goto out;
}
errno = 0;
fwrite(data, len, 1, f);
if (errno) {
ERRS("unable to write output file");
goto out_flush;
}
DBG("firmware file \"%s\" completed", ofname);
ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;
out_flush:
fflush(f);
fclose(f);
if (ret != EXIT_SUCCESS) {
unlink(ofname);
}
out:
return ret;
}
static int build_fw(void)
{
int buflen;
char *buf;
char *p;
int ret = EXIT_FAILURE;
int writelen = 0;
buflen = board->fw_max_len;
buf = malloc(buflen);
if (!buf) {
ERR("no memory for buffer\n");
goto out;
}
memset(buf, 0xff, buflen);
p = buf + sizeof(struct fw_header);
ret = read_to_buf(&kernel_info, p);
if (ret)
goto out_free_buf;
writelen = kernel_info.file_size;
if (!combined) {
p = buf + rootfs_ofs;
ret = read_to_buf(&rootfs_info, p);
if (ret)
goto out_free_buf;
writelen = rootfs_ofs + rootfs_info.file_size;
}
if (!strip_padding)
writelen = buflen;
fill_header(buf, writelen);
ret = write_fw(buf, writelen);
if (ret)
goto out_free_buf;
ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;
out_free_buf:
free(buf);
out:
return ret;
}
/* Helper functions to inspect_fw() representing different output formats */
static inline void inspect_fw_pstr(char *label, char *str)
{
printf("%-23s: %s\n", label, str);
}
static inline void inspect_fw_phex(char *label, uint32_t val)
{
printf("%-23s: 0x%08x\n", label, val);
}
static inline void inspect_fw_phexpost(char *label,
uint32_t val, char *post)
{
printf("%-23s: 0x%08x (%s)\n", label, val, post);
}
static inline void inspect_fw_phexdef(char *label,
uint32_t val, uint32_t defval)
{
printf("%-23s: 0x%08x ", label, val);
if (val == defval)
printf("(== OpenWrt default)\n");
else
printf("(OpenWrt default: 0x%08x)\n", defval);
}
static inline void inspect_fw_phexexp(char *label,
uint32_t val, uint32_t expval)
{
printf("%-23s: 0x%08x ", label, val);
if (val == expval)
printf("(ok)\n");
else
printf("(expected: 0x%08x)\n", expval);
}
static inline void inspect_fw_phexdec(char *label, uint32_t val)
{
printf("%-23s: 0x%08x / %8u bytes\n", label, val, val);
}
static inline void inspect_fw_phexdecdef(char *label,
uint32_t val, uint32_t defval)
{
printf("%-23s: 0x%08x / %8u bytes ", label, val, val);
if (val == defval)
printf("(== OpenWrt default)\n");
else
printf("(OpenWrt default: 0x%08x)\n", defval);
}
static inline void inspect_fw_pmd5sum(char *label, uint8_t *val, char *text)
{
int i;
printf("%-23s:", label);
for (i=0; i<MD5SUM_LEN; i++)
printf(" %02x", val[i]);
printf(" %s\n", text);
}
static int inspect_fw(void)
{
char *buf;
struct fw_header *hdr;
uint8_t md5sum[MD5SUM_LEN];
struct board_info *board;
int ret = EXIT_FAILURE;
buf = malloc(inspect_info.file_size);
if (!buf) {
ERR("no memory for buffer!\n");
goto out;
}
ret = read_to_buf(&inspect_info, buf);
if (ret)
goto out_free_buf;
hdr = (struct fw_header *)buf;
inspect_fw_pstr("File name", inspect_info.file_name);
inspect_fw_phexdec("File size", inspect_info.file_size);
if (BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->version) != HEADER_VERSION_V1) {
ERR("file does not seem to have V1 header!\n");
goto out_free_buf;
}
inspect_fw_phexdec("Version 1 Header size", sizeof(struct fw_header));
if (BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->unk1) != 0)
inspect_fw_phexdec("Unknown value 1", hdr->unk1);
memcpy(md5sum, hdr->md5sum1, sizeof(md5sum));
if (BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->boot_len) == 0)
memcpy(hdr->md5sum1, md5salt_normal, sizeof(md5sum));
else
memcpy(hdr->md5sum1, md5salt_boot, sizeof(md5sum));
get_md5(buf, inspect_info.file_size, hdr->md5sum1);
if (memcmp(md5sum, hdr->md5sum1, sizeof(md5sum))) {
inspect_fw_pmd5sum("Header MD5Sum1", md5sum, "(*ERROR*)");
inspect_fw_pmd5sum(" --> expected", hdr->md5sum1, "");
} else {
inspect_fw_pmd5sum("Header MD5Sum1", md5sum, "(ok)");
}
if (BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->unk2) != 0)
inspect_fw_phexdec("Unknown value 2", hdr->unk2);
inspect_fw_pmd5sum("Header MD5Sum2", hdr->md5sum2,
"(purpose yet unknown, unchecked here)");
if (BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->unk3) != 0)
inspect_fw_phexdec("Unknown value 3", hdr->unk3);
printf("\n");
inspect_fw_pstr("Vendor name", hdr->vendor_name);
inspect_fw_pstr("Firmware version", hdr->fw_version);
board = find_board_by_hwid(BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->hw_id));
if (board) {
inspect_fw_phexpost("Hardware ID",
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->hw_id), board->id);
inspect_fw_phexexp("Hardware Revision",
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->hw_rev), board->hw_rev);
} else {
inspect_fw_phexpost("Hardware ID",
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->hw_id), "unknown");
inspect_fw_phex("Hardware Revision",
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->hw_rev));
}
printf("\n");
inspect_fw_phexdec("Kernel data offset",
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->kernel_ofs));
inspect_fw_phexdec("Kernel data length",
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->kernel_len));
if (board) {
inspect_fw_phexdef("Kernel load address",
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->kernel_la),
board->kernel_la);
inspect_fw_phexdef("Kernel entry point",
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->kernel_ep),
board->kernel_ep);
inspect_fw_phexdecdef("Rootfs data offset",
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->rootfs_ofs),
board->rootfs_ofs);
} else {
inspect_fw_phex("Kernel load address",
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->kernel_la));
inspect_fw_phex("Kernel entry point",
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->kernel_ep));
inspect_fw_phexdec("Rootfs data offset",
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->rootfs_ofs));
}
inspect_fw_phexdec("Rootfs data length",
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->rootfs_len));
inspect_fw_phexdec("Boot loader data offset",
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->boot_ofs));
inspect_fw_phexdec("Boot loader data length",
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->boot_len));
inspect_fw_phexdec("Total firmware length",
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->fw_length));
if (extract) {
FILE *fp;
char *filename;
printf("\n");
filename = malloc(strlen(inspect_info.file_name) + 8);
sprintf(filename, "%s-kernel", inspect_info.file_name);
printf("Extracting kernel to \"%s\"...\n", filename);
fp = fopen(filename, "w");
if (fp) {
if (!fwrite(buf + BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->kernel_ofs),
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->kernel_len), 1, fp)) {
ERR("error in fwrite(): %s", strerror(errno));
}
fclose(fp);
} else {
ERR("error in fopen(): %s", strerror(errno));
}
free(filename);
filename = malloc(strlen(inspect_info.file_name) + 8);
sprintf(filename, "%s-rootfs", inspect_info.file_name);
printf("Extracting rootfs to \"%s\"...\n", filename);
fp = fopen(filename, "w");
if (fp) {
if (!fwrite(buf + BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->rootfs_ofs),
BE32_TO_HOST(hdr->rootfs_len), 1, fp)) {
ERR("error in fwrite(): %s", strerror(errno));
}
fclose(fp);
} else {
ERR("error in fopen(): %s", strerror(errno));
}
free(filename);
}
out_free_buf:
free(buf);
out:
return ret;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int ret = EXIT_FAILURE;
int err;
FILE *outfile;
progname = basename(argv[0]);
while ( 1 ) {
int c;
c = getopt(argc, argv, "B:E:L:V:N:ci:k:r:R:o:xhs");
if (c == -1)
break;
switch (c) {
case 'B':
board_id = optarg;
break;
case 'E':
sscanf(optarg, "0x%x", &kernel_ep);
break;
case 'L':
sscanf(optarg, "0x%x", &kernel_la);
break;
case 'V':
version = optarg;
break;
case 'N':
vendor = optarg;
break;
case 'c':
combined++;
break;
case 'k':
kernel_info.file_name = optarg;
break;
case 'r':
rootfs_info.file_name = optarg;
break;
case 'R':
sscanf(optarg, "0x%x", &rootfs_ofs);
break;
case 'o':
ofname = optarg;
break;
case 's':
strip_padding = 1;
break;
case 'i':
inspect_info.file_name = optarg;
break;
case 'x':
extract = 1;
break;
case 'h':
usage(EXIT_SUCCESS);
break;
default:
usage(EXIT_FAILURE);
break;
}
}
ret = check_options();
if (ret)
goto out;
if (!inspect_info.file_name)
ret = build_fw();
else
ret = inspect_fw();
out:
return ret;
}
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