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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head> <head>
<title>Buildroot - Usage and documentation</title> <title>OpenWrt Buildroot - Usage and documentation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" />
</head> </head>
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<body> <body>
<div class="main"> <div class="main">
<div class="titre"> <div class="titre">
<h1>Buildroot</h1> <h1>OpenWrt Buildroot</h1>
</div> </div>
<p>Usage and documentation by Thomas Petazzoni. Contributions from <p>Usage and documentation by Felix Fietkau, based on uClibc Buildroot
Karsten Kruse, Ned Ludd, Martin Herren.</p> documentation by Thomas Petazzoni. Contributions from Karsten Kruse,
Ned Ludd, Martin Herren.</p>
<p><small>Last modification : $Id$</small></p> <p><small>Last modification : $Id$</small></p>
<ul> <ul>
<li><a href="#about">About Buildroot</a></li> <li><a href="#about">About OpenWrt Buildroot</a></li>
<li><a href="#download">Obtaining Buildroot</a></li> <li><a href="#download">Obtaining OpenWrt Buildroot</a></li>
<li><a href="#using">Using Buildroot</a></li> <li><a href="#using">Using OpenWrt Buildroot</a></li>
<li><a href="#custom_targetfs">Customizing the target filesystem</a></li> <li><a href="#custom_targetfs">Customizing the target filesystem</a></li>
<li><a href="#custom_busybox">Customizing the Busybox <li><a href="#custom_busybox">Customizing the Busybox
configuration</a></li> configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="#custom_uclibc">Customizing the uClibc <li><a href="#custom_uclibc">Customizing the uClibc
configuration</a></li> configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="#buildroot_innards">How Buildroot works</a></li> <li><a href="#buildroot_innards">How OpenWrt Buildroot works</a></li>
<li><a href="#using_toolchain">Using the uClibc toolchain</a></li> <li><a href="#using_toolchain">Using the uClibc toolchain</a></li>
<li><a href="#toolchain_standalone">Using the uClibc toolchain <li><a href="#toolchain_standalone">Using the uClibc toolchain
outside of Buildroot</a></li> outside of Buildroot</a></li>
<li><a href="#downloaded_packages">Location of downloaded packages</a></li> <li><a href="#downloaded_packages">Location of downloaded packages</a></li>
<li><a href="#add_software">Extending Buildroot with more <li><a href="#add_software">Extending OpenWrt with more Software</a></li>
Software</a></li>
<li><a href="#links">Ressources</a></li> <li><a href="#links">Ressources</a></li>
</ul> </ul>
<h2><a name="about" id="about"></a>About Buildroot</h2> <h2><a name="about" id="about"></a>About OpenWrt Buildroot</h2>
<p>Buildroot is a set of Makefiles and patches that allows to easily <p>OpenWrt Buildroot is a set of Makefiles and patches that allows to easily
generate both a cross-compilation toolchain and a root filesystem for your generate both a cross-compilation toolchain and a root filesystem for your
target. The cross-compilation toolchain uses uClibc (<a href= Wireless Router. The cross-compilation toolchain uses uClibc (<a href=
"http://www.uclibc.org/">http://www.uclibc.org/</a>), a tiny C standard "http://www.uclibc.org/">http://www.uclibc.org/</a>), a tiny C standard
library.</p> library.</p>
<p>Buildroot is useful mainly for people working with embedded systems.
Embedded systems often use processors that are not the regular x86
processors everyone is used to have on his PC. It can be PowerPC
processors, MIPS processors, ARM processors, etc.</p>
<p>A compilation toolchain is the set of tools that allows to <p>A compilation toolchain is the set of tools that allows to
compile code for your system. It consists of a compiler (in our compile code for your system. It consists of a compiler (in our
case, <code>gcc</code>), binary utils like assembler and linker case, <code>gcc</code>), binary utils like assembler and linker
@ -68,7 +63,7 @@
toolchain is called the "host compilation toolchain", and more toolchain is called the "host compilation toolchain", and more
generally, the machine on which it is running, and on which you're generally, the machine on which it is running, and on which you're
working is called the "host system". The compilation toolchain is working is called the "host system". The compilation toolchain is
provided by your distribution, and Buildroot has nothing to do provided by your distribution, and OpenWrt Buildroot has nothing to do
with it.</p> with it.</p>
<p>As said above, the compilation toolchain that comes with your system <p>As said above, the compilation toolchain that comes with your system
@ -76,66 +71,34 @@
embedded system has a different processor, you need a cross-compilation embedded system has a different processor, you need a cross-compilation
toolchain: it's a compilation toolchain that runs on your host system but toolchain: it's a compilation toolchain that runs on your host system but
that generates code for your target system (and target processor). For that generates code for your target system (and target processor). For
example, if your host system uses x86 and your target system uses ARM, the example, if your host system uses x86 and your target system uses MIPS, the
regular compilation toolchain of your host runs on x86 and generates code regular compilation toolchain of your host runs on x86 and generates code
for x86, while the cross-compilation toolchain runs on x86 and generates for x86, while the cross-compilation toolchain runs on x86 and generates
code for ARM.</p> code for MIPS.</p>
<p>Even if your embedded system uses a x86 processor, you might interested
in Buildroot, for two reasons:</p>
<ul>
<li>The compilation toolchain of your host certainly uses the GNU Libc
which is a complete but huge C standard library. Instead of using GNU
Libc on your target system, you can use uClibc which is a tiny C standard
library. If you want to use this C library, then you need a compilation
toolchain to generate binaries linked with it. Buildroot can do it for
you.</li>
<li>Buildroot automates the building of a root filesystem with all needed
tools like busybox. It makes it much easier than doing it by hand.</li>
</ul>
<p>You might wonder why such a tool is needed when you can compile <p>You might wonder why such a tool is needed when you can compile
<code>gcc</code>, <code>binutils</code>, uClibc and all the tools by hand. <code>gcc</code>, <code>binutils</code>, uClibc and all the tools by hand.
Of course, doing so is possible. But dealing with all configure options, Of course, doing so is possible. But dealing with all configure options,
with all problems of every <code>gcc</code> or <code>binutils</code> with all problems of every <code>gcc</code> or <code>binutils</code>
version it very time-consuming and uninteresting. Buildroot automates this version it very time-consuming and uninteresting. OpenWrt Buildroot automates this
process through the use of Makefiles, and has a collection of patches for process through the use of Makefiles, and has a collection of patches for
each <code>gcc</code> and <code>binutils</code> version to make them work each <code>gcc</code> and <code>binutils</code> version to make them work
on most architectures.</p> on the MIPS architecture of most Broadcom based Wireless Routers.</p>
<h2><a name="download" id="download"></a>Obtaining Buildroot</h2> <h2><a name="download" id="download"></a>Obtaining OpenWrt Buildroot</h2>
<p>Buildroot is available as daily CVS snapshots or directly using <p>OpenWrt Buildroot is currently available as experimental snapshots</p>
CVS.</p>
<p>The latest snapshot is always available at <a <p>The latest snapshot is always available at <a
href="http://uclibc.org/downloads/snapshots/buildroot-snapshot.tar.bz2">http://uclibc.org/downloads/snapshots/buildroot-snapshot.tar.bz2</a>, href="http://openwrt.org/downloads/experimental/">http://openwrt.org/downloads/experimental/</a>,
and previous snapshots are also available at <a
href="http://uclibc.org/downloads/snapshots/">http://uclibc.org/downloads/snapshots/</a>.</p>
<p>To download Buildroot using CVS, you can simply follow <h2><a name="using" id="using"></a>Using OpenWrt Buildroot</h2>
the rules described on the "Accessing CVS"-page (<a href=
"http://www.uclibc.org/cvs_anon.html">http://www.uclibc.org/cvs_anon.html</a>)
of the uClibc website (<a href=
"http://www.uclibc.org">http://www.uclibc.org</a>), and download the
<code>buildroot</code> CVS module. For the impatient, here's a quick
recipe:</p>
<pre> <p>OpenWrt Buildroot has a nice configuration tool similar to the one you can find
$ cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@uclibc.org:/var/cvs login in the Linux Kernel (<a href="http://www.kernel.org/">http://www.kernel.org/</a>)
$ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@uclibc.org:/var/cvs co buildroot or in Busybox (<a href="http://www.busybox.org/">http://www.busybox.org/</a>).
</pre> Note that you can run everything as a normal user. There is no need to be root to
configure and use the Buildroot. The first step is to run the configuration
<h2><a name="using" id="using"></a>Using Buildroot</h2>
<p>Buildroot has a nice configuration tool similar to the one you can find
in the Linux Kernel (<a href=
"http://www.kernel.org/">http://www.kernel.org/</a>) or in Busybox
(<a href="http://www.busybox.org/">http://www.busybox.org/</a>). Note that
you can run everything as a normal user. There is no need to be root to
configure and use Buildroot. The first step is to run the configuration
assistant:</p> assistant:</p>
<pre> <pre>
@ -156,12 +119,24 @@
</pre> </pre>
<p>This command will download, configure and compile all the selected <p>This command will download, configure and compile all the selected
tools, and finally generate a target filesystem. The target filesystem will tools, and finally generate target firmware images and additional packages
be named <code>root_fs_ARCH.EXT</code> where <code>ARCH</code> is your (depending on your selections in <code>make menuconfig</code>.
architecture and <code>EXT</code> depends on the type of target filesystem All the target files can be found in the <code>bin/</code> subdirectory.
selected in the <code>Target options</code> section of the configuration You can compile firmware images containing two different filesystem types:
tool.</p> <ul>
<li>jffs2</li>
<li>squashfs</li>
</ul>
<p><code>jffs2</code> contains a writable root filesystem, which will expand to
the size of your flash image. Note that you if you use the generic firmware
Image, you need to pick the right image for your Flash size, because of different
eraseblock sizes.</p>
<p><code>squashfs</code> contains a read-only root filesystem using a modified
<code>squashfs</code> filesystem with LZMA compression. When booting it, you can
create a writable second filesystem, which will contain your modifications to
the root filesystem, including the packages you install.
<h2><a name="custom_targetfs" id="custom_targetfs"></a>Customizing the <h2><a name="custom_targetfs" id="custom_targetfs"></a>Customizing the
target filesystem</h2> target filesystem</h2>
@ -170,55 +145,27 @@
<ul> <ul>
<li>Customize the target filesystem directly, and rebuild the image. The <li>Customize the target filesystem directly, and rebuild the image. The
target filesystem is available under <code>build_ARCH/root/</code> where target filesystem is available under <code>build_ARCH/root/</code> where
<code>ARCH</code> is the chosen target architecture. You can simply make <code>ARCH</code> is the chosen target architecture, usually mipsel.
your changes here, and run make afterwards, which will rebuild the target You can simply make your changes here, and run make target_install afterwards,
filesystem image. This method allows to do everything on the target which will rebuild the target filesystem image. This method allows to do
filesystem, but if you decide to completely rebuild your toolchain and everything on the target filesystem, but if you decide to rebuild your toolchain,
tools, these changes will be lost.</li> tools or packages, these changes will be lost.</li>
<li>Customize the target filesystem skeleton, available under <li>Customize the target filesystem skeleton, available under
<code>target/default/target_skeleton/</code>. You can customize <code>target/default/target_skeleton/</code>. You can customize
configuration files or other stuff here. However, the full file hierarchy configuration files or other stuff here. However, the full file hierarchy
is not yet present, because it's created during the compilation process. is not yet present, because it's created during the compilation process.
So you can't do everything on this target filesystem skeleton, but So you can't do everything on this target filesystem skeleton, but
changes to it remains even you completely rebuild the cross-compilation changes to it remains even when you completely rebuild the cross-compilation
toolchain and the tools.<br /> toolchain and the tools.<br />
You can also customize the <code>target/default/device_table.txt</code>
file which is used by the tools that generate the target filesystem image
to properly set permissions and create device nodes. The
<code>target/default/skel.tar.gz</code> file contains the main
directories of a root filesystem and there is no obvious reason for which
it should be changed. These main directories are in an tarball inside of
inside the skeleton because it contains symlinks that would be broken
otherwise.</li>
</ul> </ul>
<h2><a name="custom_busybox" id="custom_busybox"></a>Customizing the <h2><a name="custom_busybox" id="custom_busybox"></a>Customizing the
Busybox configuration</h2> Busybox configuration</h2>
<p>Busybox is very configurable, and you may want to customize it. You can <p>Busybox is very configurable, and you may want to customize it.
follow these simple steps to do it. It's not an optimal way, but it's Its configuration is completely integrated into the main menuconfig system.
simple and it works.</p> You can find it under "OpenWrt Package Selection" =&gt; "Busybox Configuration"</p>
<ol>
<li>Make a first compilation of buildroot with busybox without trying to
customize it.</li>
<li>Go into <code>build_ARCH/busybox/</code> and run <code>make
menuconfig</code>. The nice configuration tool appears and you can
customize everything.</li>
<li>Copy the <code>.config</code> file to
<code>package/busybox/busybox.config</code> so that your customized
configuration will remains even if you remove the cross-compilation
toolchain.</li>
<li>Run the compilation of buildroot again.</li>
</ol>
<p>Otherwise, you can simply change the
<code>package/busybox/busybox.config</code> file if you know the options
you want to change without using the configuration tool.</p>
<h2><a name="custom_uclibc" id="custom_uclibc"></a>Customizing the uClibc <h2><a name="custom_uclibc" id="custom_uclibc"></a>Customizing the uClibc
configuration</h2> configuration</h2>
@ -239,17 +186,17 @@
<li>Go into the directory <li>Go into the directory
<code>toolchain_build_ARCH/uClibc/</code> and run <code>make <code>toolchain_build_ARCH/uClibc/</code> and run <code>make
menuconfig</code>. The nice configuration assistant, similar to menuconfig</code>. The nice configuration assistant, similar to
the one used in the Linux Kernel or in Buildroot appears. Make the one used in the Linux Kernel appears. Make
your configuration as appropriate.</li> your configuration as appropriate.</li>
<li>Copy the <code>.config</code> file to <li>Copy the <code>.config</code> file to
<code>toolchain/uClibc/uClibc.config</code> or <code>toolchain/uClibc/uClibc.config</code> or
<code>toolchain/uClibc/uClibc.config-locale</code>. The former <code>toolchain/uClibc/uClibc.config-locale</code>. The former
is used if you haven't selected locale support in Buildroot is used if you haven't selected locale support in the Buildroot
configuration, and the latter is used if you have selected configuration, and the latter is used if you have selected
locale support.</li> locale support.</li>
<li>Run the compilation of Buildroot again</li> <li>Run the compilation again</li>
</ol> </ol>
@ -258,18 +205,17 @@
<code>toolchain/uClibc/uClibc.config-locale</code> without running <code>toolchain/uClibc/uClibc.config-locale</code> without running
the configuration assistant.</p> the configuration assistant.</p>
<h2><a name="buildroot_innards" id="buildroot_innards"></a>How Buildroot <h2><a name="buildroot_innards" id="buildroot_innards"></a>How OpenWrt Buildroot
works</h2> works</h2>
<p>As said above, Buildroot is basically a set of Makefiles that download, <p>As said above, OpenWrt is basically a set of Makefiles that download,
configure and compiles software with the correct options. It also includes configure and compiles software with the correct options. It also includes
some patches for various software, mainly the ones involved in the some patches for various software, mainly the ones involved in the
cross-compilation tool chain (<code>gcc</code>, <code>binutils</code> and cross-compilation tool chain (<code>gcc</code>, <code>binutils</code> and
uClibc).</p> uClibc).</p>
<p>There is basically one Makefile per software, and they are named with <p>There is basically one Makefile per software, and they are named <code>Makefile</code>.
the <code>.mk</code> extension. Makefiles are split into three Makefiles are split into three sections:</p>
sections:</p>
<ul> <ul>
<li><b>package</b> (in the <code>package/</code> directory) contains the <li><b>package</b> (in the <code>package/</code> directory) contains the
@ -286,26 +232,18 @@
<li><b>target</b> (in the <code>target</code> directory) contains the <li><b>target</b> (in the <code>target</code> directory) contains the
Makefiles and associated files for software related to the generation of Makefiles and associated files for software related to the generation of
the target root filesystem image. Four types of filesystems are supported the target root filesystem image. Four types of filesystems are supported
: ext2, jffs2, cramfs and squashfs. For each of them, there's a : jffs2 and squashfs.
sub-directory with the required files. There is also a
<code>default/</code> directory that contains the target filesystem
skeleton.</li>
</ul> </ul>
<p>Each directory contains at least 3 files :</p> <p>Each directory contains at least 3 files :</p>
<ul> <ul>
<li><code>something.mk</code> is the Makefile that downloads, configures, <li><code>Makefile</code> is the Makefile that downloads, configures,
compiles and installs the software <code>something</code>.</li> compiles and installs the software <code>something</code>.</li>
<li><code>Config.in</code> is a part of the configuration tool <li><code>Config.in</code> is a part of the configuration tool
description file. It describes the option related to the current description file. It describes the option related to the current
software.</li> software.</li>
<li><code>Makefile.in</code> is a part of Makefile that sets various
variables according to the configuration given through the configuration
tool. For most tools it simply involves adding the name of the tool to
the <code>TARGETS</code> variable.</li>
</ul> </ul>
<p>The main Makefile do the job through the following steps (once the <p>The main Makefile do the job through the following steps (once the
@ -338,24 +276,22 @@
<li>Create the target directory (<code>build_ARCH/root/</code> by <li>Create the target directory (<code>build_ARCH/root/</code> by
default) and the target filesystem skeleton. This directory will contain default) and the target filesystem skeleton. This directory will contain
the final root filesystem. To setup it up, it first deletes it, then it the final root filesystem. To setup it up, it first deletes it, then it
uncompress the <code>target/default/skel.tar.gz</code> file to create the copies the skeleton available in <code>target/default/target_skeleton</code>
main subdirectories and symlinks, copies the skeleton available in and then removes useless <code>CVS/</code> directories.</li>
<code>target/default/target_skeleton</code> and then removes useless
<code>CVS/</code> directories.</li>
<li>Make the <code>TARGETS</code> dependency. This is where all the job <li>Call the <code>prepare</code>, <code>compile</code> and <code>install</code>
is done : all <code>Makefile.in</code> files "subscribe" targets into targets for the subdirectories <code>toolchain</code>, <code>package</code>
this global variable, so that the needed tools gets compiled.</li> and <code>target</code></li>
</ol> </ol>
<h2><a name="using_toolchain" id="using_toolchain"></a>Using the <h2><a name="using_toolchain" id="using_toolchain"></a>Using the
uClibc toolchain</h2> uClibc toolchain</h2>
<p>You may want to compile your own programs or other software <p>You may want to compile your own programs or other software
that are not packaged in Buildroot. In order to do this, you can that are not packaged in OpenWrt. In order to do this, you can
use the toolchain that was generated by Buildroot.</p> use the toolchain that was generated by the Buildroot.</p>
<p>The toolchain generated by Buildroot by default is located in <p>The toolchain generated by the Buildroot by default is located in
<code>build_ARCH/staging_dir/</code>. The simplest way to use it <code>build_ARCH/staging_dir/</code>. The simplest way to use it
is to add <code>build_ARCH/staging_dir/bin/</code> to your PATH is to add <code>build_ARCH/staging_dir/bin/</code> to your PATH
environnement variable, and then to use environnement variable, and then to use
@ -396,7 +332,7 @@ mips-linux-gcc -o foo foo.c
<p>If you want to use the generated toolchain for other purposes, <p>If you want to use the generated toolchain for other purposes,
you can configure Buildroot to generate it elsewhere using the you can configure Buildroot to generate it elsewhere using the
option of the configuration tool : <code>Build options -> option of the configuration tool : <code>Build options -&gt;
Toolchain and header file location</code>, which defaults to Toolchain and header file location</code>, which defaults to
<code>$(BUILD_DIR)/staging_dir/</code>.</p> <code>$(BUILD_DIR)/staging_dir/</code>.</p>
@ -412,7 +348,7 @@ mips-linux-gcc -o foo foo.c
toolchain and the target filesystem with exactly the same toolchain and the target filesystem with exactly the same
versions.</p> versions.</p>
<h2><a name="add_software" id="add_software"></a>Extending Buildroot with <h2><a name="add_software" id="add_software"></a>Extending OpenWrt with
more software</h2> more software</h2>
<p>This section will only consider the case in which you want to <p>This section will only consider the case in which you want to
@ -432,7 +368,7 @@ mips-linux-gcc -o foo foo.c
<pre> <pre>
config BR2_PACKAGE_FOO config BR2_PACKAGE_FOO
bool "foo" tristate "foo"
default n default n
help help
This is a comment that explains what foo is. This is a comment that explains what foo is.
@ -441,56 +377,77 @@ config BR2_PACKAGE_FOO
<p>Of course, you can add other options to configure particular <p>Of course, you can add other options to configure particular
things in your software.</p> things in your software.</p>
<h3><code>Makefile.in</code> file</h3> <h3><code>Makefile</code> in the package directory</h3>
<p>Then, write a <code>Makefile.in</code> file. Basically, this is <p>To add your package to the build process, you need to edit
a very short <i>Makefile</i> that adds the name of the software to the Makefile in the <code>package/</code> directory. Locate the
the list of <code>TARGETS</code> that Buildroot will generate. In lines that look like the following:</p>
fact, the name of the software is the the identifier of the target
inside the real <i>Makefile</i> that will do everything (download,
compile, install), and that we study below. Back to
<code>Makefile.in</code>, here is an example :</p>
<pre> <pre>
ifeq ($(strip $(BR2_PACKAGE_FOO)),y) package-$(BR2_PACKAGE_FOO) += foo
TARGETS+=foo
endif
</pre> </pre>
<p>As you can see, this short <i>Makefile</i> simply adds the <p>As you can see, this short line simply adds the target
target <code>foo</code> to the list of targets handled by Buildroot <code>foo</code> to the list of targets handled by OpenWrt Buildroot.</p>
if software <i>foo</i> was selected using the configuration tool.</p>
<p>In addition to the default dependencies, you make your package
depend on another package (e.g. a library) by adding a line:
<pre>
foo-compile: bar-compile
</pre>
<h3>The <i>.control</i> file</h3>
<p>Additionally, you need to create a control file which contains
information about your package, readable by the <i>ipkg</i> package
utility.</p>
<p>The file looks like this</p>
<pre>
1 Package: foo
2 Priority: optional
3 Section: net
4 Maintainer: Foo Software &lt;foo@foosoftware.com&gt;
5 Source: http://foosoftware.com
6 Description: Your Package Description
</pre>
<p>You can skip the usual <code>Version:</code> and <code>Architecture</code>
fields, as they will be generated by the <code>make-ipkg-dir.sh</code> script
called from your Makefile</p>
<h3>The real <i>Makefile</i></h3> <h3>The real <i>Makefile</i></h3>
<p>Finally, here's the hardest part. Create a file named <p>Finally, here's the hardest part. Create a file named
<code>foo.mk</code>. It will contain the <i>Makefile</i> rules that <code>Makefile</code>. It will contain the <i>Makefile</i> rules that
are in charge of downloading, configuring, compiling and installing are in charge of downloading, configuring, compiling and installing
the software. Below is an example that we will comment the software. Below is an example that we will comment
afterwards.</p> afterwards.</p>
<pre> <pre>
1 ############################################################# 1 #############################################################
2 # 2 # foo
3 # foo 3 #############################################################
4 # 4 PKG_NAME:=foo
5 ############################################################# 5 PKG_VERSION:=1.0
6 FOO_VERSION:=1.0 6 PKG_RELEASE:=1
7 FOO_SOURCE:=less-$(FOO_VERSION).tar.gz 7 PKG_SOURCE:=$(PKG_NAME)-$(PKG_VERSION).tar.gz
8 FOO_SITE:=http://www.foosoftware.org/downloads 8 PKG_SITE:=http://www.foosoftware.org/downloads
9 FOO_DIR:=$(BUILD_DIR)/less-$(FOO_VERSION) 9 PKG_DIR:=$(BUILD_DIR)/$(PKG_NAME)-$(PKG_VERSION)
10 FOO_BINARY:=foo 10 PKG_IPK:=$(PACKAGE_DIR)/$(PKG_NAME)_$(PKG_VERSION)-$(PKG_RELEASE)_$(ARCH).ipk
11 FOO_TARGET_BINARY:=usr/bin/foo 11 PKG_IPK_DIR:=$(PKG_DIR)/ipkg
12 12
13 $(DL_DIR)/$(FOO_SOURCE): 13 $(DL_DIR)/$(PKG_SOURCE):
14 $(WGET) -P $(DL_DIR) $(FOO_SITE)/$(FOO_SOURCE) 14 $(WGET) -P $(DL_DIR) $(PKG_SITE)/$(PKG_SOURCE)
15 15
16 $(FOO_DIR)/.source: $(DL_DIR)/$(FOO_SOURCE) 16 $(PKG_DIR)/.source: $(DL_DIR)/$(PKG_SOURCE)
17 zcat $(DL_DIR)/$(FOO_SOURCE) | tar -C $(BUILD_DIR) $(TAR_OPTIONS) - 17 zcat $(DL_DIR)/$(PKG_SOURCE) | tar -C $(BUILD_DIR) $(TAR_OPTIONS) -
18 touch $(FOO_DIR)/.source 18 touch $(PKG_DIR)/.source
19 19
20 $(FOO_DIR)/.configured: $(FOO_DIR)/.source 20 $(PKG_DIR)/.configured: $(PKG_DIR)/.source
21 (cd $(FOO_DIR); \ 21 (cd $(PKG_DIR); \
22 $(TARGET_CONFIGURE_OPTS) \ 22 $(TARGET_CONFIGURE_OPTS) \
23 CFLAGS="$(TARGET_CFLAGS)" \ 23 CFLAGS="$(TARGET_CFLAGS)" \
24 ./configure \ 24 ./configure \
@ -500,60 +457,60 @@ endif
28 --prefix=/usr \ 28 --prefix=/usr \
29 --sysconfdir=/etc \ 29 --sysconfdir=/etc \
30 ); 30 );
31 touch $(FOO_DIR)/.configured; 31 touch $(PKG_DIR)/.configured;
32 32
33 $(FOO_DIR)/$(FOO_BINARY): $(FOO_DIR)/.configured 33 $(PKG_DIR)/foo $(PKG_DIR)/.configured
34 $(MAKE) CC=$(TARGET_CC) -C $(FOO_DIR) 34 $(MAKE) CC=$(TARGET_CC) -C $(PKG_DIR)
35 35
36 $(TARGET_DIR)/$(FOO_TARGET_BINARY): $(FOO_DIR)/$(FOO_BINARY) 36 $(PKG_IPK): $(PKG_DIR)/$(PKG_BINARY)
37 $(MAKE) prefix=$(TARGET_DIR)/usr -C $(FOO_DIR) install 37 $(SCRIPT_DIR)/make-ipkg-dir.sh $(PKG_IPK_DIR) $(PKG_NAME).control $(PKG_VERSION)-$(PKG_RELEASE) $(ARCH)
38 rm -Rf $(TARGET_DIR)/usr/man 38 $(MAKE) prefix=$(PKG_IPK_DIR)/usr -C $(PKG_DIR) install
39 39 rm -Rf $(PKG_IPK_DIR)/usr/man
40 foo: uclibc ncurses $(TARGET_DIR)/$(FOO_TARGET_BINARY) 40 $(IPKG_BUILD) $(PKG_IPK_DIR) $(PACKAGE_DIR)
41 41
42 foo-source: $(DL_DIR)/$(FOO_SOURCE) 42 $(IPKG_STATE_DIR)/info/$(PKG_NAME).list: $(PKG_IPK)
43 43 $(IPKG) install $(PKG_IPK)
44 foo-clean: 44
45 $(MAKE) prefix=$(TARGET_DIR)/usr -C $(FOO_DIR) uninstall 45 prepare: $(PKG_DIR)/.source
46 -$(MAKE) -C $(FOO_DIR) clean 46 compile: $(PKG_IPK)
47 47 install: $(IPKG_STATE_DIR)/info/$(PKG_NAME).list
48 foo-dirclean: 48 clean:
49 rm -rf $(FOO_DIR) 49 rm -rf $(PKG_DIR)
50 50 rm -f $(PKG_IPK)
</pre> </pre>
<p>First of all, this <i>Makefile</i> example works for a single <p>First of all, this <i>Makefile</i> example works for a single
binary software. For other software such as libraries or more binary software. For other software such as libraries or more
complex stuff with multiple binaries, it should be adapted. Look at complex stuff with multiple binaries, it should be adapted. Look at
the other <code>*.mk</code> files in the <code>package</code> the other <code>Makefile</code> files in the <code>package</code>
directory.</p> directory.</p>
<p>At lines 6-11, a couple of useful variables are defined :</p> <p>At lines 4-11, a couple of useful variables are defined :</p>
<ul> <ul>
<li><code>PKG_NAME</code> : The package name, e.g. <i>foo</i>.</li>
<li><code>FOO_VERSION</code> : The version of <i>foo</i> that
<li><code>PKG_VERSION</code> : The version of the package that
should be downloaded.</li> should be downloaded.</li>
<li><code>FOO_SOURCE</code> : The name of the tarball of <li><code>PKG_RELEASE</code> : The release number that will be
<i>foo</i> on the download website of FTP site. As you can see appended to the version number of your <i>ipkg</i> package.
<code>FOO_VERSION</code> is used.</li>
<li><code>FOO_SITE</code> : The HTTP or FTP site from which <li><code>PKG_SOURCE</code> : The name of the tarball of
<i>foo</i> archive is downloaded. It must include the complete your package on the download website of FTP site. As you can see
<code>PKG_NAME</code> and <code>PKG_VERSION</code> are used.</li>
<li><code>PKG_SITE</code> : The HTTP or FTP site from which
the archive is downloaded. It must include the complete
path to the directory where <code>FOO_SOURCE</code> can be path to the directory where <code>FOO_SOURCE</code> can be
found.</li> found.</li>
<li><code>FOO_DIR</code> : The directory into which the software <li><code>PKG_DIR</code> : The directory into which the software
will be configured and compiled. Basically, it's a subdirectory will be configured and compiled. Basically, it's a subdirectory
of <code>BUILD_DIR</code> which is created upon decompression of of <code>BUILD_DIR</code> which is created upon decompression of
the tarball.</li> the tarball.</li>
<li><code>FOO_BINARY</code> : Software binary name. As said <li><code>PKG_IPK</code> : The resulting <i>ipkg</i> pacakge
previously, this is an example for a single binary software.</li>
<li><code>FOO_TARGET_BINARY</code> : The full path of the binary
inside the target filesystem.</li>
</ul> </ul>
@ -590,34 +547,33 @@ endif
file). It basically runs <code>make</code> inside the source file). It basically runs <code>make</code> inside the source
directory.</p> directory.</p>
<p>Lines 36-38 defines a target and associated rules that install <p>Lines 36-40 defines a target and associated rules that create
the software inside the target filesystem. It depends on the the <i>ipkg</i> package which can optionally be embedded into
binary file in the source directory, to make sure the software has the resulting firmware image. It depends on the binary file in
been compiled. It uses the <code>install</code> target of the the source directory, to make sure the software has been compiled.
It uses the make-ipkg-dir.sh script, which will create the ipkg
build directory for your package, copy your control file into
that directory and add version and architecture information.
Then it calls the <code>install</code> target of the
software <code>Makefile</code> by passing a <code>prefix</code> software <code>Makefile</code> by passing a <code>prefix</code>
argument, so that the <code>Makefile</code> doesn't try to install argument, so that the <code>Makefile</code> doesn't try to install
the software inside host <code>/usr</code> but inside target the software inside host <code>/usr</code> but inside target
<code>/usr</code>. After the installation, the <code>/usr</code>. After the installation, the
<code>/usr/man</code> directory inside the target filesystem is <code>/usr/man</code> directory inside the target filesystem is
removed to save space.</p> removed to save space.
Finally <code>IPKG_BUILD</code> is called to create the package.</p>
<p>Line 40 defines the main target of the software, the one <p>Line 42 and 43 define the installation target of your package,
referenced in the <code>Makefile.in</code> file. This targets which will embed the software into the target filesystem.</p>
should first of all depends on the dependecies of the software (in
our example, <i>uclibc</i> and <i>ncurses</i>), and then to the
final binary. This last dependency will call all previous
dependencies in the right order. </p>
<p>Line 42 defines a simple target that only downloads the code <p>Lines 45-50 define the main targets that the Makefile in the
source. This is not used during normal operation of Buildroot, but <code>package</code> dir calls.
might be useful.</p> <ul>
<li><code>prepare</code> : Download and unpack the source</li>
<p>Lignes 44-46 define a simple target to clean the software build <li><code>compile</code> : Compile the source and create the package</li>
by calling the <i>Makefiles</i> with the appropriate option.</p> <li><code>install</code> : Embed the package into the target filesystem</li>
<li><code>clean</code> : Remove all the files created by the build process</li>
<p>Lines 48-49 define a simple target to completely remove the </ul></p>
directory in which the software was uncompressed, configured and
compiled.</p>
<h3>Conclusion</h3> <h3>Conclusion</h3>
@ -627,17 +583,12 @@ endif
the software.</p> the software.</p>
<p>If you package software that might be useful for other persons, <p>If you package software that might be useful for other persons,
don't forget to send a patch to Buildroot developers !</p> don't forget to send a patch to OpenWrt developers !</p>
<h2><a name="links" id="links"></a>Ressources</h2> <h2><a name="links" id="links"></a>Resources</h2>
<p>To learn more about Buildroot you can visit these <p>To learn more about OpenWrt Buildroot you can visit this
websites:</p> website: <a href="http://openwrt.org/">http://openwrt.org/</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.uclibc.org/">http://www.uclibc.org/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.busybox.net/">http://www.busybox.net/</a></li>
</ul>
</div> </div>
</body> </body>