Fast and customisable vulnerability scanner based on simple YAML based DSL.

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Nuclei is used to send requests across targets based on a template, leading to zero false positives and providing fast scanning on a large number of hosts. Nuclei offers scanning for a variety of protocols, including TCP, DNS, HTTP, SSL, File, Whois, Websocket, Headless etc. With powerful and flexible templating, Nuclei can be used to model all kinds of security checks.

We have a dedicated repository that houses various type of vulnerability templates contributed by more than 300 security researchers and engineers.

How it works

Install Nuclei

Nuclei requires go1.19 to install successfully. Run the following command to install the latest version -

go install -v github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/cmd/nuclei@latest

Brew

brew install nuclei

Docker

docker pull projectdiscovery/nuclei:latest

More installation methods can be found here.

Nuclei Templates Nuclei has built-in support for automatic template download/update as default since version v2.5.2. Nuclei-Templates project provides a community-contributed list of ready-to-use templates that is constantly updated. You may still use the update-templates flag to update the nuclei templates at any time; You can write your own checks for your individual workflow and needs following Nuclei's templating guide. The YAML DSL reference syntax is available here.

Usage

nuclei -h

This will display help for the tool. Here are all the switches it supports.

Nuclei is a fast, template based vulnerability scanner focusing
on extensive configurability, massive extensibility and ease of use.

Usage:
  ./nuclei [flags]

Flags:
TARGET:
   -u, -target string[]       target URLs/hosts to scan
   -l, -list string           path to file containing a list of target URLs/hosts to scan (one per line)
   -resume string             resume scan using resume.cfg (clustering will be disabled)
   -sa, -scan-all-ips         scan all the IP's associated with dns record
   -iv, -ip-version string[]  IP version to scan of hostname (4,6) - (default 4)

TEMPLATES:
   -nt, -new-templates                    run only new templates added in latest nuclei-templates release
   -ntv, -new-templates-version string[]  run new templates added in specific version
   -as, -automatic-scan                   automatic web scan using wappalyzer technology detection to tags mapping
   -t, -templates string[]                list of template or template directory to run (comma-separated, file)
   -tu, -template-url string[]            list of template urls to run (comma-separated, file)
   -w, -workflows string[]                list of workflow or workflow directory to run (comma-separated, file)
   -wu, -workflow-url string[]            list of workflow urls to run (comma-separated, file)
   -validate                              validate the passed templates to nuclei
   -nss, -no-strict-syntax                disable strict syntax check on templates
   -td, -template-display                 displays the templates content
   -tl                                    list all available templates

FILTERING:
   -a, -author string[]               templates to run based on authors (comma-separated, file)
   -tags string[]                     templates to run based on tags (comma-separated, file)
   -etags, -exclude-tags string[]     templates to exclude based on tags (comma-separated, file)
   -itags, -include-tags string[]     tags to be executed even if they are excluded either by default or configuration
   -id, -template-id string[]         templates to run based on template ids (comma-separated, file)
   -eid, -exclude-id string[]         templates to exclude based on template ids (comma-separated, file)
   -it, -include-templates string[]   templates to be executed even if they are excluded either by default or configuration
   -et, -exclude-templates string[]   template or template directory to exclude (comma-separated, file)
   -em, -exclude-matchers string[]    template matchers to exclude in result
   -s, -severity value[]              templates to run based on severity. Possible values: info, low, medium, high, critical, unknown
   -es, -exclude-severity value[]     templates to exclude based on severity. Possible values: info, low, medium, high, critical, unknown
   -pt, -type value[]                 templates to run based on protocol type. Possible values: dns, file, http, headless, network, workflow, ssl, websocket, whois
   -ept, -exclude-type value[]        templates to exclude based on protocol type. Possible values: dns, file, http, headless, network, workflow, ssl, websocket, whois
   -tc, -template-condition string[]  templates to run based on expression condition

OUTPUT:
   -o, -output string            output file to write found issues/vulnerabilities
   -sresp, -store-resp           store all request/response passed through nuclei to output directory
   -srd, -store-resp-dir string  store all request/response passed through nuclei to custom directory (default "output")
   -silent                       display findings only
   -nc, -no-color                disable output content coloring (ANSI escape codes)
   -json                         write output in JSONL(ines) format
   -irr, -include-rr             include request/response pairs in the JSONL output (for findings only)
   -nm, -no-meta                 disable printing result metadata in cli output
   -ts, -timestamp               enables printing timestamp in cli output
   -rdb, -report-db string       nuclei reporting database (always use this to persist report data)
   -ms, -matcher-status          display match failure status
   -me, -markdown-export string  directory to export results in markdown format
   -se, -sarif-export string     file to export results in SARIF format

CONFIGURATIONS:
   -config string                 path to the nuclei configuration file
   -fr, -follow-redirects         enable following redirects for http templates
   -fhr, -follow-host-redirects   follow redirects on the same host
   -mr, -max-redirects int        max number of redirects to follow for http templates (default 10)
   -dr, -disable-redirects        disable redirects for http templates
   -rc, -report-config string     nuclei reporting module configuration file
   -H, -header string[]           custom header/cookie to include in all http request in header:value format (cli, file)
   -V, -var value                 custom vars in key=value format
   -r, -resolvers string          file containing resolver list for nuclei
   -sr, -system-resolvers         use system DNS resolving as error fallback
   -dc, -disable-clustering       disable clustering of requests
   -passive                       enable passive HTTP response processing mode
   -fh2, -force-http2             force http2 connection on requests
   -ev, -env-vars                 enable environment variables to be used in template
   -cc, -client-cert string       client certificate file (PEM-encoded) used for authenticating against scanned hosts
   -ck, -client-key string        client key file (PEM-encoded) used for authenticating against scanned hosts
   -ca, -client-ca string         client certificate authority file (PEM-encoded) used for authenticating against scanned hosts
   -sml, -show-match-line         show match lines for file templates, works with extractors only
   -ztls                          use ztls library with autofallback to standard one for tls13
   -sni string                    tls sni hostname to use (default: input domain name)
   -sandbox                       sandbox nuclei for safe templates execution
   -i, -interface string          network interface to use for network scan
   -at, -attack-type string       type of payload combinations to perform (batteringram,pitchfork,clusterbomb)
   -sip, -source-ip string        source ip address to use for network scan
   -config-directory string       override the default config path ($home/.config)
   -rsr, -response-size-read int  max response size to read in bytes (default 10485760)
   -rss, -response-size-save int  max response size to read in bytes (default 1048576)

INTERACTSH:
   -iserver, -interactsh-server string  interactsh server url for self-hosted instance (default: oast.pro,oast.live,oast.site,oast.online,oast.fun,oast.me)
   -itoken, -interactsh-token string    authentication token for self-hosted interactsh server
   -interactions-cache-size int         number of requests to keep in the interactions cache (default 5000)
   -interactions-eviction int           number of seconds to wait before evicting requests from cache (default 60)
   -interactions-poll-duration int      number of seconds to wait before each interaction poll request (default 5)
   -interactions-cooldown-period int    extra time for interaction polling before exiting (default 5)
   -ni, -no-interactsh                  disable interactsh server for OAST testing, exclude OAST based templates

UNCOVER:
   -uc, -uncover                  enable uncover engine
   -uq, -uncover-query string[]   uncover search query
   -ue, -uncover-engine string[]  uncover search engine (shodan,shodan-idb,fofa,censys,quake,hunter,zoomeye,netlas) (default shodan)
   -uf, -uncover-field string     uncover fields to return (ip,port,host) (default "ip:port")
   -ul, -uncover-limit int        uncover results to return (default 100)
   -ucd, -uncover-delay int       delay between uncover query requests in seconds (0 to disable) (default 1)

RATE-LIMIT:
   -rl, -rate-limit int               maximum number of requests to send per second (default 150)
   -rlm, -rate-limit-minute int       maximum number of requests to send per minute
   -bs, -bulk-size int                maximum number of hosts to be analyzed in parallel per template (default 25)
   -c, -concurrency int               maximum number of templates to be executed in parallel (default 25)
   -hbs, -headless-bulk-size int      maximum number of headless hosts to be analyzed in parallel per template (default 10)
   -headc, -headless-concurrency int  maximum number of headless templates to be executed in parallel (default 10)

OPTIMIZATIONS:
   -timeout int                        time to wait in seconds before timeout (default 10)
   -retries int                        number of times to retry a failed request (default 1)
   -ldp, -leave-default-ports          leave default HTTP/HTTPS ports (eg. host:80,host:443)
   -mhe, -max-host-error int           max errors for a host before skipping from scan (default 30)
   -nmhe, -no-mhe                      disable skipping host from scan based on errors
   -project                            use a project folder to avoid sending same request multiple times
   -project-path string                set a specific project path (default "/tmp")
   -spm, -stop-at-first-match          stop processing HTTP requests after the first match (may break template/workflow logic)
   -stream                             stream mode - start elaborating without sorting the input
   -ss, -scan-strategy value           strategy to use while scanning(auto/host-spray/template-spray) (default 0)
   -irt, -input-read-timeout duration  timeout on input read (default 3m0s)
   -nh, -no-httpx                      disable httpx probing for non-url input
   -no-stdin                           disable stdin processing

HEADLESS:
   -headless                    enable templates that require headless browser support (root user on Linux will disable sandbox)
   -page-timeout int            seconds to wait for each page in headless mode (default 20)
   -sb, -show-browser           show the browser on the screen when running templates with headless mode
   -sc, -system-chrome          use local installed Chrome browser instead of nuclei installed
   -lha, -list-headless-action  list available headless actions

DEBUG:
   -debug                    show all requests and responses
   -dreq, -debug-req         show all sent requests
   -dresp, -debug-resp       show all received responses
   -p, -proxy string[]       list of http/socks5 proxy to use (comma separated or file input)
   -pi, -proxy-internal      proxy all internal requests
   -ldf, -list-dsl-function  list all supported DSL function signatures
   -tlog, -trace-log string  file to write sent requests trace log
   -elog, -error-log string  file to write sent requests error log
   -version                  show nuclei version
   -hm, -hang-monitor        enable nuclei hang monitoring
   -v, -verbose              show verbose output
   -profile-mem string       optional nuclei memory profile dump file
   -vv                       display templates loaded for scan
   -svd, -show-var-dump      show variables dump for debugging
   -ep, -enable-pprof        enable pprof debugging server
   -tv, -templates-version   shows the version of the installed nuclei-templates
   -hc, -health-check        run diagnostic check up

UPDATE:
   -un, -update                      update nuclei engine to the latest released version
   -ut, -update-templates            update nuclei-templates to latest released version
   -ud, -update-template-dir string  custom directory to install / update nuclei-templates
   -duc, -disable-update-check       disable automatic nuclei/templates update check

STATISTICS:
   -stats                    display statistics about the running scan
   -sj, -stats-json          write statistics data to an output file in JSONL(ines) format
   -si, -stats-interval int  number of seconds to wait between showing a statistics update (default 5)
   -m, -metrics              expose nuclei metrics on a port
   -mp, -metrics-port int    port to expose nuclei metrics on (default 9092)

CLOUD:
   -cloud                              run scan on nuclei cloud
   -ads, -add-datasource string        add specified data source (s3,github)
   -atr, -add-target string            add target(s) to cloud
   -atm, -add-template string          add template(s) to cloud
   -lsn, -list-scan                    list previous cloud scans
   -lso, -list-output string           list scan output by scan id
   -ltr, -list-target                  list cloud target by id
   -ltm, -list-template                list cloud template by id
   -lds, -list-datasource              list cloud datasource by id
   -lrs, -list-reportsource            list reporting sources
   -dsn, -delete-scan string           delete cloud scan by id
   -dtr, -delete-target string         delete target(s) from cloud
   -dtm, -delete-template string       delete template(s) from cloud
   -dds, -delete-datasource string     delete specified data source
   -drs, -disable-reportsource string  disable specified reporting source
   -ers, -enable-reportsource string   enable specified reporting source
   -gtr, -get-target string            get target content by id
   -gtm, -get-template string          get template content by id
   -nos, -no-store                     disable scan/output storage on cloud
   -no-tables                          do not display pretty-printed tables
   -limit int                          limit the number of output to display (default 100)

Running Nuclei

Scanning target domain with community-curated nuclei templates.

nuclei -u https://example.com

Scanning target URLs with community-curated nuclei templates.

nuclei -list urls.txt

Example of urls.txt:

http://example.com
http://app.example.com
http://test.example.com
http://uat.example.com

More detailed examples of running nuclei can be found here.

For Security Engineers

Nuclei offers great number of features that are helpful for security engineers to customise workflow in their organization. With the varieties of scan capabilities (like DNS, HTTP, TCP), security engineers can easily create their suite of custom checks with Nuclei.

• Varieties of protocols supported: TCP, DNS, HTTP, File, etc
• Achieve complex vulnerability steps with workflows and dynamic requests.
• Easy to integrate into CI/CD, designed to be easily integrated into regression cycle to actively check the fix and re-appearance of vulnerability.

For Bug Bounty hunters: Nuclei allows you to customise your testing approach with your own suite of checks and easily run across your bug bounty programs. Moreover, Nuclei can be easily integrated into any continuous scanning workflow. Designed to be easily integrated into other tool workflow. Can process thousands of hosts in few minutes. Easily automate your custom testing approach with our simple YAML DSL. Please check our other open-source projects that might fit into your bug bounty workflow: github.com/projectdiscovery, we also host daily refresh of DNS data at Chaos.

For Penetration Testers: Nuclei immensely improve how you approach security assessment by augmenting the manual, repetitive processes. Consultancies are already converting their manual assessment steps with Nuclei, it allows them to run set of their custom assessment approach across thousands of hosts in an automated manner. Pen-testers get the full power of our public templates and customization capabilities to speed up their assessment process, and specifically with the regression cycle where you can easily verify the fix. Easily create your compliance, standards suite (e.g. OWASP Top 10) checklist. With capabilities like fuzz and workflows, complex manual steps and repetitive assessment can be easily automated with Nuclei. Easy to re-test vulnerability-fix by just re-running the template.

For Developers and Organizations

Nuclei is built with simplicity in mind, with the community backed templates by hundreds of security researchers, it allows you to stay updated with the latest security threats using continuous Nuclei scanning on the hosts. It is designed to be easily integrated into regression tests cycle, to verify the fixes and eliminate vulnerabilities from occurring in the future.

• CI/CD: Engineers are already utilising Nuclei within their CI/CD pipeline, it allows them to constantly monitor their staging and production environments with customised templates.
• Continuous Regression Cycle: With Nuclei, you can create your custom template on every new identified vulnerability and put into Nuclei engine to eliminate in the continuous regression cycle.

We have a discussion thread around this, there are already some bug bounty programs giving incentives to hackers on writing nuclei templates with every submission, that helps them to eliminate the vulnerability across all their assets, as well as to eliminate future risk in reappearing on productions. If you're interested in implementing it in your organization, feel free to reach out to us. We will be more than happy to help you in the getting started process, or you can also post into the discussion thread for any help.

Using Nuclei From Go Code

Examples of using Nuclei From Go Code to run templates on targets are provided in the examples folder.

Resources

• Finding bugs with Nuclei with PinkDraconian (Robbe Van Roey) by @PinkDraconian
• Nuclei: Packing a Punch with Vulnerability Scanning by Bishopfox
• The WAF efficacy framework by Fastly
• Scanning Live Web Applications with Nuclei in CI/CD Pipeline by @TristanKalos
• Community Powered Scanning with Nuclei
• Nuclei Unleashed - Quickly write complex exploits
• Nuclei - Fuzz all the things
• Nuclei + Interactsh Integration for Automating OOB Testing
• Weaponizes nuclei Workflows to Pwn All the Things by @dwisiswant0
• How to Scan Continuously with Nuclei? by @dwisiswant0
• Hack with Automation !!! by @DhiyaneshGeek

Credits

Thanks to all the amazing community contributors for sending PRs. Do also check out the below similar open-source projects that may fit in your workflow:

FFuF, Qsfuzz, Inception, Snallygaster, Gofingerprint, Sn1per, Google tsunami, Jaeles, ChopChop

License

Nuclei is distributed under MIT License