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cheat_sheets/UFW_cheat_sheet.md
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cheat_sheets/UFW_cheat_sheet.md
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# UFW: Uncomplicated Firewall — Cheat Sheet
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## Installation
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If you are using Ubuntu then UFW will be installed by default. If you are using Debian or a derivative, then you can install UFW by entering the following
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```
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root@host:~# apt-get install ufw
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```
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UFW is not available in CentOS, and although you can install it from source, that is outside the scope of this tutorial.
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## Checking status
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When you check the status, UFW will either tell you that it is inactive,
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```
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root@host:~# ufw status
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Status: inactive
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```
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or it will tell you it is active and list the firewall rules.
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```
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root@host:~# ufw status
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Status: active
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To Action From
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-- ------ ----
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22/tcp ALLOW Anywhere
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22/tcp (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6)
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```
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Rules can also be numbered, which is particularly useful when you wish to delete one.
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```
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root@host:~# ufw status numbered
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Status: active
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To Action From -- ------ ----
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[ 1] WWW Full ALLOW IN Anywhere
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[ 2] WWW Full (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
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```
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Not that if you have no rules enables, you will just be told it is active
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```
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root@host:~# ufw status
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Status: active
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```
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## Enable and disable
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Enabling and disabling are from the following commands. Warning; if you are working on a remote system, allow the SSH rule before you enable UFW or you risk losing your shell access.
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```
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root@host:~# ufw enable
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Firewall is active and enabled on system startup
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root@host:~# ufw disable
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Firewall stopped and disabled on system startup
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```
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## Deleting rules
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The easiest way to delete a rule is to delete it by number, but you can also delete it by definition.
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```
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root@host:~# ufw status numbered
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Status: active
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To Action From -- ------ ----
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[ 1] 22/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere
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[ 2] 22/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
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```
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Note that as there are 2 rules (ipv4 and ipv6) for every pre-defined service, delete will only remove the rule for one protocol.
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```
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root@host:~# ufw delete 2
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Deleting:
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allow 22/tcp
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Proceed with operation (y|n)? y
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Rule deleted (v6)
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```
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## Logging
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Logging is on by default, but can rapidly fill your log files with noise. Enable and disable thusly
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```
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root@host:~# ufw logging on
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Logging enabled
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root@host:~# ufw logging off
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Logging disabled
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```
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You can also change the logging levels if necessary, but low is the default.
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```
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root@host:~# ufw logging medium
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Logging enabled
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Pre-defined rules
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```
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One of the strengths for sysadmins who may only infrequently change firewall rules is the set of pre-defined rules that UFW ships with. These obviously assume that you are running services on default ports and will NOT work if you have tried to obfuscate by assigning non-default ports. They also assume you will be allowing ALL traffic to these port (see later for how to restrict traffic sources and destinations.
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```
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root@host:~# ufw app list
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Available applications:
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AIM
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Bonjour
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CIFS
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CUPS
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DNS
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Deluge
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IMAP
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IMAPS
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IPP
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KTorrent
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Kerberos Admin
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Kerberos Full
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Kerberos KDC
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Kerberos Password
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LDAP
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LDAPS
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LPD
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MSN
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MSN SSL
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Mail submission
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NFS
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POP3
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POP3S
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PeopleNearby
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SMTP
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SSH
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Socks
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Telnet
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Transmission
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Transparent Proxy
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VNC
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WWW
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WWW Cache
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WWW Full
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WWW Secure
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XMPP
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Yahoo
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qBittorrent
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svnserve
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```
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You can see a full list of these and their definitions in /etc/ufw/applications.d.
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## SSH
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If you are running a remote server, you almost certainly want this rule enabled.
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```
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root@host:~# ufw allow ssh
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Rule added
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Rule added (v6)
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root@host:~# ufw status
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Status: active
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To Action From
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-- ------ ----
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22/tcp ALLOW Anywhere
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22/tcp (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6)
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http(s)
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```
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You can enable both port 80 (http) and 443 (https) in one go with the following command, but there are options to only enable one
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```
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root@host:~# ufw allow www\ full
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Rules updated
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Rules updated (v6)
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root@host:~# ufw status
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[sudo] password for simon:
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Status: active
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To Action From
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-- ------ ----
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WWW Full ALLOW Anywhere
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WWW Full (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6)
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```
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## More complex usage
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Port and protocol
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```
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root@host:~# ufw allow 45/tcp
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Rule added
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Rule added (v6)
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```
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### Source and Destination
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Allow only from an IP
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```
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root@host:~# ufw allow from 192.168.1.1 port 62
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Rule added
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root@host:~# ufw status
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Status: active
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To Action From
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-- ------ ----
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Anywhere ALLOW 192.168.1.1 62
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```
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Allow only to a certain local interface
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```
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root@host:~# ufw allow to 127.0.0.2 port 62
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Rule added
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root@host:~# ufw status
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Status: active
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To Action From
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-- ------ ----
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127.0.0.2 62 ALLOW Anywhere
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```
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### Protocol only
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If you have followed my ipsec tutorial, you will need the firewall ports open to establish the key exchange – this is one of the few protolcols which do not require a port number.
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```
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root@host:~# ufw allow to 127.0.0.3 proto esp
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Rule added
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root@host:~# ufw allow to 127.0.0.3 proto ah
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Rule added
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root@host:~# ufw status
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Status: active
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To Action From
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-- ------ ----
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127.0.0.3/esp ALLOW Anywhere
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127.0.0.3/ah ALLOW Anywhere
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```
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Note that you need a destination in this instance.
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