cutter/docs/source/contributing/code/development-guidelines.rst
2024-05-09 07:44:45 +08:00

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Cutter Development Guidelines
===============================
.. note::
New to Cutter development? Check out our :doc:`tutorial for new developers <getting-started>`.
Common Usage
--------------
CutterCore Class
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This is the main class where every link with Rizin is made. It is *unique*
across the whole process. To access it, simply call ``Core()``.
Example:
.. code:: cpp
Core()->getOffset();
Seek the Current File
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To modify Rizin seek use ``CutterCore::seek(const RVA offset)``. This
is important because it will emit a
``CutterCore::seekChanged(RVA offset)`` signal. Never ever call
``cmd("s offset")``;
Example:
.. code:: cpp
Core()->seek(0x00C0FFEE);
.. note::
Cutter also supports a silent seek which doesn't trigger the ``seekChanged`` event and doesn't add new entries to the seek history.
Creating a Widget
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Make sure to connect the ``CutterCore::seekChanged(RVA offset)`` signal
so your widget refreshes its output when Rizin seek is modified
(switching to another function, etc.).
Coding Style
------------
In general, we follow a slightly customized version of `the official Qt guidelines <https://wiki.qt.io/Qt_Coding_Style>`__
to format the code. Before sending a pull request, you will need to use `clang-format`<https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html>`__ (version 8 or newer)
to format the code. The command line for formatting the code according
to the style is:
.. code:: bash
clang-format -style=file -i src/filename.cpp
If your changes were done on many files across the codebase, you can use this oneliner to tun ``clang-format`` on the entire 'src' directory:
.. code:: bash
find ./src -regex '.*\.\(cpp\|h\)' -exec clang-format -style=file -i {} \;
In contrast to the official guidelines of Qt, in Cutter we always use curly braces in conditional statements, even if the body of a conditional statement contains only one line.
.. code:: cpp
// Wrong
if (address.isEmpty())
return false;
// Correct
if (address.isEmpty()) {
return false;
}
// Wrong
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
qDebug("%i", i);
// Correct
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
qDebug("%i", i);
}
Includes
~~~~~~~~
Strive to include only **required** definitions inside header files.
This will avoid triggering additional unnecessary compilations.
If you only need to know that a class exists but don't need the prototype,
you can declare the class like this:
.. code:: cpp
class MyClassThatExists;
/** ... **/
private:
MyClassThatExists *classInstance;
And then include the class header inside your .cpp so you can use that class.
If you need something in the source file (.cpp) that is not a class member,
then add the include in the source file.
The includes must be ordered from local to global. That is, first include
any local header file (with double quotes like `#include "common/Helpers.h"`.
Then, after an empty newline, include Qt definitions like
`#include <QShortcut>`.
Finally, include the standard C++ headers you need.
Includes must be sorted by alphabetical order.
Docstrings
~~~~~~~~~~
Our API reference is generated using Doxygen, so when it comes to
function documentation, please use the following format:
.. code:: cpp
/**
* @brief Add a new param to the accumulator
*/
virtual void accumulate(RefreshDeferrerParams params) =0;
Loops
~~~~~
We use the C++11 foreach loop style, which means any “foreach” loop should
look like:
.. code:: cpp
for (QJsonValue value : importsArray) {
doSomething(value);
}
nullptr
~~~~~~~
Please do not use ``0`` nor ``Q_NULLPTR``, only use ``nullptr``.
Example:
.. code:: cpp
QObject *object = nullptr;
Connecting Qt Signals
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Use one of the following methods for connecting signals to slots:
.. code:: cpp
// typically you will make connection in the constructor to a member of current class
connect(this->ui->button1, &QPushButton::clicked,
this, &MyObject::buttonClicked); // Good
// you can also connect directly other object slots
connect(checkbox, &QCheckBox::toggled, widget, &QWidget::setEnabled); // Good
// use lambda for passing extra arguments
connect(button1, &QPushButton::clicked, this, [this](){ foo(getBar()); }); // Good
This syntax performs compile-time type checks and allows the use of lambda
functions. Other approaches for connecting signals can silently break at runtime.
Don't use the older macro based syntax or automatic name based connections.
.. code:: cpp
// SIGNAL and SLOT macros
connect(sender, SIGNAL(clicked), this, SLOT(buttonClicked)); // BAD
// automatic name based connection
slot:
void on_actionNew_triggered(); // BAD
// 3 argument connect without receiver object
connect(sender, &SomeObject::signal, [this](){ this->foo(getBar()); }); // BAD
General Coding Advices
----------------------
Functions Documentation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You can find the class documentation in the API Reference menu item.
Updating the Git Submodules
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Git submodules play a major part in Cutter. This, because Cutter is powered
by Rizin, its parent project, and it tries to stay up-to-date with its
recent version, which allows us to implement new features, and enjoy bug
fixes and performance improvements on Rizin. Often, we need to update
the Rizin submodule or the others, to push their most recent
version to Cutter.
You can view the list of all the submodules from the cutter root folder with:
.. code:: sh
git config --file .gitmodules --get-regexp path | awk '{ print $2 }'
To update all the submodules at once, run these commands from the
cutter root folder:
.. code:: sh
git submodule foreach git pull origin master
git add submodule_name_1 submodule_name_2
git commit -m "Update submodules"
More likely, you'll only need to update the *rizin* submodule.
In order to update one submodule individually, use the following code:
.. code:: sh
cd rizin
git checkout dev && git pull
cd ..
git add rizin
git commit -m "Update rizin submodule"
Useful Resources (Qt Development)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* `Signals & Slots <https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/signalsandslots.html>`__
* `Model/View Programming <https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/model-view-programming.html>`__ - read this if you are going to work with a list or table-like widgets
* `QAction <https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qaction.html#details>`__