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272 lines
8.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
272 lines
8.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
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Cutter Development Guidelines
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===============================
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.. note::
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New to Cutter development? Check out our :doc:`tutorial for new developers <getting-started>`.
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Common Usage
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--------------
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CutterCore Class
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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This is the main class where every link with Rizin is made. It is *unique*
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across the whole process. To access it, simply call ``Core()``.
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Example:
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.. code:: cpp
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Core()->getOffset();
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Calling a Rizin Command
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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There are multiple ways to call a Rizin command:
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- ``CutterCore::cmdj(<command>)`` - To be used with json commands like ``cmdj("agj")`` or ``cmdj("aflj")``.
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This is the command we used to fetch structured data from Rizin.
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- ``CutterCore::cmdRaw(<command>)`` - Executes a single Rizin command
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without going through Rizin shell functionality like output redirects, grep, and multiple command parsing.
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The command then returns its output. This should be used when a command doesn't have output or the output should be handled as-is. If possible, using the JSON variation with ``cmdj`` is always preferred.
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- ``CutterCore::cmdRawAt(<command>, <address>)`` - Executes a single Rizin command in a given address and returns the output. This helps avoiding weird strings concatenation like ``cmd("ph " + hash + " @ " + QString::num(address))``.
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- ``CutterCore::cmd()`` - *(Discouraged)* Only use it when ``cmdj`` or ``cmdRaw`` cannot be used. This is used for complex commands using concatenation of several commands (``px 5; pd 7; afl;``), for grepping (``pd 5~call``). for commands inside commands (``?e `afn.```) and so on.
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This is also used when the output is complex and is not parsed correctly in ``cmdRaw``.
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Make sure to carefully sanitize user-controlled variables that are passed to the command, to avoid unexpected command injections.
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Generally, if one needs to retrieve information from a Rizin command, it
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is preferred to use the JSON API.
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Example:
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.. code:: cpp
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QJsonArray array = Core()->cmdj("pdj 1 @ main").array();
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Seek the Current File
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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To modify Rizin seek use ``CutterCore::seek(const RVA offset)``. This
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is important because it will emit a
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``CutterCore::seekChanged(RVA offset)`` signal. Never ever call
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``cmd("s offset")``;
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Example:
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.. code:: cpp
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Core()->seek(0x00C0FFEE);
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.. note::
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Cutter also supports a silent seek which doesn't trigger the ``seekChanged`` event and doesn't add new entries to the seek history.
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Creating a Widget
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Make sure to connect the ``CutterCore::seekChanged(RVA offset)`` signal
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so your widget refreshes its output when Rizin seek is modified
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(switching to another function, etc.).
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Coding Style
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------------
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In general, we follow a slightly customized version of `the official Qt guidelines <https://wiki.qt.io/Qt_Coding_Style>`__
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to format the code. Before sending a pull request, you will need to use `clang-format`<https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html>`__ (version 8 or newer)
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to format the code. The command line for formatting the code according
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to the style is:
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.. code:: bash
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clang-format -style=file -i src/filename.cpp
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If your changes were done on many files across the codebase, you can use this oneliner to tun ``clang-format`` on the entire 'src' directory:
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.. code:: bash
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find ./src -regex '.*\.\(cpp\|h\)' -exec clang-format -style=file -i {} \;
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In contrast to the official guidelines of Qt, in Cutter we always use curly braces in conditional statements, even if the body of a conditional statement contains only one line.
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.. code:: cpp
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// Wrong
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if (address.isEmpty())
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return false;
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// Correct
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if (address.isEmpty()) {
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return false;
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}
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// Wrong
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for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
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qDebug("%i", i);
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// Correct
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for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
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qDebug("%i", i);
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}
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Includes
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~~~~~~~~
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Strive to include only **required** definitions inside header files.
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This will avoid triggering additional unnecessary compilations.
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If you only need to know that a class exists but don't need the prototype,
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you can declare the class like this:
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.. code:: cpp
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class MyClassThatExists;
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/** ... **/
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private:
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MyClassThatExists *classInstance;
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And then include the class header inside your .cpp so you can use that class.
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If you need something in the source file (.cpp) that is not a class member,
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then add the include in the source file.
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The includes must be ordered from local to global. That is, first include
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any local header file (with double quotes like `#include "common/Helpers.h"`.
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Then, after an empty newline, include Qt definitions like
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`#include <QShortcut>`.
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Finally, include the standard C++ headers you need.
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Includes must be sorted by alphabetical order.
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Docstrings
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~~~~~~~~~~
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Our API reference is generated using Doxygen, so when it comes to
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function documentation, please use the following format:
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.. code:: cpp
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/**
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* @brief Add a new param to the accumulator
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*/
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virtual void accumulate(RefreshDeferrerParams params) =0;
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Loops
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~~~~~
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We use the C++11 foreach loop style, which means any “foreach” loop should
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look like:
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.. code:: cpp
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for (QJsonValue value : importsArray) {
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doSomething(value);
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}
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nullptr
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~~~~~~~
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Please do not use ``0`` nor ``Q_NULLPTR``, only use ``nullptr``.
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Example:
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.. code:: cpp
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QObject *object = nullptr;
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Connecting Qt Signals
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Use one of the following methods for connecting signals to slots:
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.. code:: cpp
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// typically you will make connection in the constructor to a member of current class
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connect(this->ui->button1, &QPushButton::clicked,
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this, &MyObject::buttonClicked); // Good
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// you can also connect directly other object slots
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connect(checkbox, &QCheckBox::toggled, widget, &QWidget::setEnabled); // Good
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// use lambda for passing extra arguments
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connect(button1, &QPushButton::clicked, this, [this](){ foo(getBar()); }); // Good
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This syntax performs compile-time type checks and allows the use of lambda
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functions. Other approaches for connecting signals can silently break at runtime.
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Don't use the older macro based syntax or automatic name based connections.
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.. code:: cpp
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// SIGNAL and SLOT macros
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connect(sender, SIGNAL(clicked), this, SLOT(buttonClicked)); // BAD
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// automatic name based connection
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slot:
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void on_actionNew_triggered(); // BAD
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// 3 argument connect without receiver object
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connect(sender, &SomeObject::signal, [this](){ this->foo(getBar()); }); // BAD
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General Coding Advices
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----------------------
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Functions Documentation
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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You can find the class documentation in the API Reference menu item.
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Updating the Git Submodules
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Git submodules play a major part in Cutter. This, because Cutter is powered
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by Rizin, its parent project, and it tries to stay up-to-date with its
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recent version, which allows us to implement new features, and enjoy bug
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fixes and performance improvements on Rizin. Often, we need to update
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the Rizin submodule or the others, to push their most recent
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version to Cutter.
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You can view the list of all the submodules from the cutter root folder with:
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.. code:: sh
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git config --file .gitmodules --get-regexp path | awk '{ print $2 }'
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To update all the submodules at once, run these commands from the
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cutter root folder:
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.. code:: sh
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git submodule foreach git pull origin master
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git add submodule_name_1 submodule_name_2
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git commit -m "Update submodules"
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More likely, you'll only need to update the *rizin* submodule.
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In order to update one submodule individually, use the following code:
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.. code:: sh
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cd rizin
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git checkout master && git pull
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cd ..
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git add rizin
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git commit -m "Update rizin submodule"
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Useful Resources (Qt Development)
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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* `Signals & Slots <https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/signalsandslots.html>`__
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* `Model/View Programming <https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/model-view-programming.html>`__ - read this if you are going to work with a list or table-like widgets
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* `QAction <https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qaction.html#details>`__
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