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Merge pull request #272 from op01/master

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add type juggling example
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Swissky 2020-10-23 18:30:32 +02:00 committed by GitHub
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Type Juggling/README.md
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@ -38,6 +38,40 @@ var_dump(sha1([])); # NULL
var_dump(md5([])); # NULL
```
### Example vulnerable code
```php
function validate_cookie($cookie,$key){
$hash = hash_hmac('md5', $cookie['username'] . '|' . $cookie['$expiration'], $key);
if($cookie['hmac'] != $hash){ // loose comparison
return false;
...
```
The $cookie variable is provided by the user. The $key variable is a secret and unknown to the user.
If we can make the calculated hash string Zero-like, and provide "0" in the $cookie['hmac'], the check will pass.
```
"0e768261251903820937390661668547" == "0"
```
We have control over 3 elements in the cookie:
- $username - username you are targetting, probably "admin"
- $hmac - the provided hash, "0"
- $expiration - a UNIX timestamp, must be in the future
Increase the expiration timestamp enough times and we will eventually get a Zero-like calculated HMAC.
```
hash_hmac(admin|1424869663) -> "e716865d1953e310498068ee39922f49"
hash_hmac(admin|1424869664) -> "8c9a492d316efb5e358ceefe3829bde4"
hash_hmac(admin|1424869665) -> "9f7cdbe744fc2dae1202431c7c66334b"
hash_hmac(admin|1424869666) -> "105c0abe89825a14c471d4f0c1cc20ab"
...
hash_hmac(admin|1835970773) -> "0e174892301580325162390102935332" // "0e174892301580325162390102935332" == "0"
```
## Magic Hashes - Exploit
If the hash computed starts with "0e" (or "0..0e") only followed by numbers, PHP will treat the hash as a float.
@ -66,4 +100,5 @@ var_dump(sha1('aaO8zKZF') == sha1('aa3OFF9m'));
## References
* [Writing Exploits For Exotic Bug Classes: PHP Type Juggling By Tyler Borland](http://turbochaos.blogspot.com/2013/08/exploiting-exotic-bugs-php-type-juggling.html)
* [Magic Hashes - WhieHatSec](https://www.whitehatsec.com/blog/magic-hashes/)
* [Magic Hashes - WhieHatSec](https://www.whitehatsec.com/blog/magic-hashes/)
* [PHP Magic Tricks: Type Juggling](https://owasp.org/www-pdf-archive/PHPMagicTricks-TypeJuggling.pdf)